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Where does the AMOC peak? Assesssing regional variations in North Atlantic Overturning from GLORYS12 

Katsman, C.A. (author), Oldenhuis, David (author), Vermeulen, D.H.A. (author), Gelderloos, R. (author)

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports vast amounts of heat to high latitudes, and is largely responsible for Western Europe’s relatively mild climate. Climate models project the AMOC will weaken substantially over the 21st century, which impacts weather, climate, sea level and the oceanic carbon cycle. In many studies...

abstract 2024

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The timing of decreasing coastal flood protection due to sea-level rise

Hermans, T.H.J. (author), Malagón-Santos, Víctor (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Jane, Robert A. (author), Rasmussen, D. J. (author), Haasnoot, Marjolijn (author), Garner, Gregory G. (author), Kopp, Robert E. (author), Oppenheimer, Michael (author), Slangen, Aimée B.A. (author)

Sea-level rise amplifies the frequency of extreme sea levels by raising their baseline height. Amplifications are often projected for arbitrary future years and benchmark frequencies. Consequently, such projections do not indicate when flood risk thresholds may be crossed given the current degree of local coastal protection. To better support...

journal article 2023

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The Effect of Wind Stress on Seasonal Sea-Level Change on the Northwestern European Shelf

Hermans, T.H.J. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Machado Lima de Camargo, C. (author), Garner, Gregory G. (author), Kopp, Robert E. (author), Slangen, Aimée B.A. (author)

Projections of relative sea level change (RSLC) are commonly reported at an annual mean basis. The seasonality of RSLC is often not considered, even though it may modulate the impacts of annual mean RSLC. Here, we study seasonal differences in twenty-first-century ocean dynamic sea level change (DSLC; 2081–2100 minus 1995–2014) on the...

journal article 2022

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Generation of Vorticity Near Topography: Anticyclones in the Caribbean Sea

van der Boog, C.G. (author), Molemaker, M. J. (author), Dijkstra, H. A. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies dominate the sea-surface height variability in the Caribbean Sea. Although it is well established that these anticyclones are formed near the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea, which is demarcated by the Lesser Antilles, the source of their anticyclonic vorticity remains unclear. To gain insight into this...

journal article 2022

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Spatial Variations of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Caribbean Sea Due To Vertical Mixing Along Its Path

van der Boog, C.G. (author), Dijkstra, Henk A. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

Because of its pronounced fresh signature, the properties of the northward-flowing Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Hence, understanding modifications of AAIW along its path is important. Here, we analyze AAIW changes along its path in the Caribbean Sea and assess whether vertical...

journal article 2022

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Inversion of sound speed profiles from MBES measurements using Differential Evolution

Keyzer, L.M. (author), Mohammadloo, Tannaz H. (author), Snellen, M. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Afrasteh, Y. (author), Guarneri, H. (author), Verlaan, M. (author), Klees, R. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author)

The sound speed provides insight in ocean properties, as it depends on depth, temperature and salinity. Here, we propose a method to invert sound speed profiles (SSPs) from multibeam echosounder (MBES) measurements, providing a SSP for every ping. Using erroneous SSPs results in a mismatch in the estimated bathymetry between overlapping swaths....

book chapter 2021

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Direct and Indirect Pathways of Convected Water Masses and Their impacts on the Overturning Dynamics of the Labrador Sea

Georgiou, S. (author), Ypma, S.L. (author), Brüggemann, N. (author), Sayol España, J.M. (author), van der Boog, C.G. (author), Spence, P. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

The dense waters formed by wintertime convection in the Labrador Sea play a key role in setting the properties of the deep Atlantic Ocean. To understand how variability in their production might affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability, it is essential to determine pathways and associated timescales of their...

journal article 2021

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Global dataset of thermohaline staircases obtained from Argo floats and Ice-Tethered Profilers

van der Boog, C.G. (author), Koetsier, J.O. (author), Dijkstra, Henk A. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

Thermohaline staircases are associated with double-diffusive mixing. They are characterized by stepped structures consisting of mixed layers of typically tens of metres thick that are separated by much thinner interfaces. Through these interfaces enhanced diapycnal salt and heat transport take place. In this study, we present a global dataset...

journal article 2021

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Impacts of Tropical Cyclones on the Caribbean Under Future Climate Conditions

Kleptsova, Olga S. (author), Dijkstra, Henk A. (author), van Westen, René M. (author), van der Boog, C.G. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), James, Rebecca K. (author), Bouma, Tjeerd J. (author), Klees, R. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author), Zijlema, Marcel (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author)

Joint effects of the dynamic sea-level rise projected changes in the large-scale atmosphere/ocean circulation, and wave climate on hurricane-induced extreme water levels in the Caribbean region are assessed. We use the 2D-depth integrated ADCIRC + SWAN wave-ocean model, baroclinically coupled to an ocean-eddying version of the Community Earth...

journal article 2021

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Projecting Global Mean Sea-Level Change Using CMIP6 Models

Hermans, T.H.J. (author), Gregory, Jonathan M. (author), Palmer, Matthew D. (author), Ringer, Mark A. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Slangen, Aimée B.A. (author)

The effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) of models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) has increased relative to CMIP5. We explore the implications of this for global mean sea-level (GMSL) change projections in 2100 for three emissions scenarios. CMIP6 projections of global surface air temperature are substantially higher...

journal article 2021

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Drivers of Interannual Sea Level Variability on the Northwestern European Shelf

Hermans, T.H.J. (author), Le Bars, Dewi (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Machado Lima de Camargo, C. (author), Gerkema, Theo (author), Calafat, Francisco M. (author), Tinker, Jonathan (author), Slangen, Aimée B. A. (author)

Sea level on the northwestern European shelf (NWES) varies substantially from year to year. Removing explained parts of interannual sea level variability from observations helps to improve estimates of long-term sea level trends. To this end, the contributions of different drivers to interannual sea level variability need to be understood and...

journal article 2020

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Implications of ambiguity in Antarctic ice sheet dynamics for future coastal erosion estimates: a probabilistic assessment

Verschuur, Jasper (author), Le Bars, Dewi (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), de Vries, S. (author), Ranasinghe, Roshanka (author), Drijfhout, Sybren S. (author), Aarninkhof, S.G.J. (author)

Sea-level rise (SLR) can amplify the episodic erosion from storms and drive chronic erosion on sandy shorelines, threatening many coastal communities. One of the major uncertainties in SLR projections is the potential rapid disintegration of large fractions of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS). Quantifying this uncertainty is essential to support...

journal article 2020

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The potential of coastal ecosystems to mitigate the impact of sea-level rise in shallow tropical bays

Keyzer, L.M. (author), Herman, P.M.J. (author), Smits, B.P. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), James, R.K. (author), Candy, A.S. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Bouma, T.J. (author), van der Boog, C.G. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author), Zijlema, Marcel (author), van Westen, R.M. (author), Dijkstra, H.A. (author)

Shallow tropical bays in the Caribbean, like Orient Bay and Galion Bay in Saint Martin, are often sheltered by coral reefs. In the relatively calm environment behind the reefs, seagrass meadows grow. Together, these ecosystems provide valuable ecosystem services like coastal protection, biodiversity hotspots, nursery grounds for animals and...

journal article 2020

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Pathways of the water masses exiting the Labrador Sea: The importance of boundary–interior exchanges

Georgiou, S. (author), Ypma, S.L. (author), Brüggemann, N. (author), Sayol España, J.M. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

The water masses exiting the Labrador Sea, and in particular the dense water mass formed by convection (i.e. Labrador Sea Water, LSW), are important components of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Several studies have questioned the connection of the LSW production to the AMOC variability. This is partly due to the...

journal article 2020

document

The contrasting dynamics of the buoyancy-forced lofoten and greenland basins

Ypma, S.L. (author), Spall, M. A. (author), Lambert, E. (author), Georgiou, S. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

The Nordic seas are commonly described as a single basin to investigate their dynamics and sensitivity to environmental changes when using a theoretical framework. Here, we introduce a conceptual model for a two-basin marginal sea that better represents the Nordic seas geometry. In our conceptual model, the marginal sea is characterized by...

journal article 2020

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Ocean model resolution dependence of Caribbean sea-level projections

van Westen, René M. (author), Dijkstra, Henk A. (author), van der Boog, C.G. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), James, Rebecca K. (author), Bouma, T.J. (author), Kleptsova, Olga (author), Klees, R. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author), Zijlema, Marcel (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author)

Sea-level rise poses severe threats to coastal and low-lying regions around the world, by exacerbating coastal erosion and flooding. Adequate sea-level projections over the next decades are important for both decision making and for the development of successful adaptation strategies in these coastal and low-lying regions to climate change....

journal article 2020

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Improving sea-level projections on the Northwestern European shelf using dynamical downscaling

Hermans, T.H.J. (author), Tinker, Jonathan (author), Palmer, Matthew D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Vermeersen, L.L.A. (author), Slangen, Aimée B.A. (author)

Changes in ocean properties and circulation lead to a spatially non-uniform pattern of ocean dynamic sea-level change (DSLC). The projections of ocean dynamic sea level presented in the IPCC AR5 were constructed with global climate models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). Since CMIP5 GCMs have a relatively...

journal article 2020

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Pathways and Water Mass Transformation Along and Across the Mohn-Knipovich Ridge in the Nordic Seas

Ypma, S.L. (author), Georgiou, S. (author), Dugstad, J.S. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

Atlantic Water takes various pathways through the Nordic Seas, and its transformation to denser waters forms a crucial connection to the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Circulation maps often schematize two distinct pathways of Atlantic Water: one following the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current along the...

journal article 2020

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Accelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Loss Under High Greenhouse Gas Forcing as Simulated by the Coupled CESM2.1-CISM2.1

Muntjewerf, L. (author), Sellevold, R. (author), Vizcaino, M. (author), Ernani da Silva, C. (author), Petrini, M. (author), Thayer-Calder, Katherine (author), Scherrenberg, Meike D.W. (author), Bradley, S.L. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Fyke, Jeremy (author), Lipscomb, William H. (author), Lofverstrom, Marcus (author), Sacks, William J. (author)

The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is now losing mass at a rate of 0.7 mm of sea level rise (SLR) per year. Here we explore future GrIS evolution and interactions with global and regional climate under high greenhouse gas forcing with the Community Earth System Model version 2.1 (CESM2.1), which includes an interactive ice sheet component (the...

journal article 2020

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North Atlantic Ocean Circulation around Greenland in CESM 2.0

Ernani da Silva, C. (author), Vizcaino, M. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author)

abstract 2019