· · · Institutional Repository

Fatigue is an insidious threat to safety. Its effects are usually subtle but non the less very real. In the face of 'aviation culture' and job dependence, fatigue is an underreported and difficult matter that often does not receive the attention that it should. The first stage of the report is aimed at getting a good view of the phenomenon of fatigue. Its definition, different forms and related factors are presented. The next stage is on different methods of measuring or determining human fatigue. The methods are categorised into subjective, objective and predictive methods. A Multi-criteria analysis was performed to rank the scales best suited for measuring crew fatigue. The third stage consists of an actor analysis. The goal of this analysis was to get a clear picture of all possible stakeholders and their relations surrounding the issue of crew fatigue. Finally, recommendations are presented in three categories: taking the 'sting' out of crew fatigue, clarifying it in your organisation, promoting and facilitating sleep and taking action: measure, change and fine-tune flight schedules

Het gebruik van computergametechnologie voor serieuze doeleinden staat sinds enkele jaren volop in de belangstelling. Wat is de betekenis van serious gaming voor beleidsontwikkeling: meer van hetzelfde of een doorbraak? Aan de hand van de serious game SimPort-MV2 laten we zien hoe serious gaming een bijdrage kan leveren aan de besluitvorming over complexe ruimtelijke infrastructuren. Naar onze mening bieden serious computergames meer en betere mogelijkheden om infrastructuurbesluitvorming te begrijpen en te managen als complexe adaptieve systemen.

In this paper, we focus on how people perceive the aspect ratio of city squares. Earlier research has focused on distance perception but not so much on the perceived aspect ratio of the surrounding space. Furthermore, those studies have focused on “open” spaces rather than urban areas enclosed by walls, houses and filled with people, cars, etc. In two experiments, we therefore measured, using a direct and an indirect method, the perceived aspect ratio of five city squares in the historic city center of Delft, the Netherlands. We also evaluated whether the perceived aspect ratio of city squares was affected by the position of the observer on the square. In the first experiment, participants were asked to set the aspect ratio of a small rectangle such that it matched the perceived aspect ratio of the city square. In the second experiment, participants were asked to estimate the length and width of the city square separately. In the first experiment, we found that the perceived aspect ratio was in general lower than the physical aspect ratio. However, in the second experiment, we found that the calculated ratios were close to veridical except for the most elongated city square. We conclude therefore that the outcome depends on how the measurements are performed. Furthermore, although indirect measurements are nearly veridical, the perceived aspect ratio is an underestimation of the physical aspect ratio when measured in a direct way. Moreover, the perceived aspect ratio also depends on the location of the observer. These results may be beneficial to the design of large open urban environments, and in particular to rectangular city squares.