· · · Institutional Repository

A research into alternative development strategies of urban villages in China.

Worldwide, consumers demand companies to take more responsibility for what environmental problems their products might cause. Companies are following this demand from consumers by producing more sustainable products. HP forms no exception and has implemented so called “Eco solutions” to reduce the environmental impact of their consumer inkjet printers. These eco solutions do not seem to work very well in China as the solutions that HP implemented are developed for a global market and are too generic. This graduation project reports on what Chinese users think of as sustainable and what motivates Chinese users to be more sustainable. The gathered insights have resulted in sustainable solutions that better fit the Chinese market. User research showed that there is a preference towards “green” products in China. However this preference is not based on intrinsic motivation of users to reduce the impact on the environment, but rather on the trendy image these products currently have in China. To raise more awareness about sustainability, green products have to communicate what benefits it directly offers the users, such as saving costs. Compared to the western world there is not only a different motivation to buy more sustainable products, there is also a different infrastructure. Extensive corporate recycling programs that work well in the West, might not always be as effective in China. This is due to the lack of infrastructure and due to the lack of proper law and regulations on recycling. Four different design directions, to reduce the environmental impact of printers, have been developed to fit specifically into the context of the Chinese consumer market. During this project, one of the four design directions has been further developed to be implemented into upcoming printers of HP. The design direction “Eco-feedback” has resulted in the concept of “Greenify”. Greenify is a software application on multiple platforms, that motivates users to change their behavior and raises more awareness about sustainability by tracking their behavior and giving feedback on it. Users indicate in evaluations that the ease of use of Greenify triggers them to print in a more sustainable way. They also indicate that the feedback raises more awareness towards sustainability and shows them that more sustainable printing benefits them directly by saving costs on printing. For this project to continue HP needs to develop a full working prototype in order to evaluate the design with users over a longer period of time. This will give more insight into how much Greenify influences user behavior and what the exact benefits for the environment are.

The design is a housing project in Shanghai. It seeks to breathe new life into the old alleyway neighbourhoods of the city, particularly the now vanishing shikumen houses. By designing a bold reinvention of the typical high-rise apartment block, Jade Well Apartments recreates the rich diversity of the alleyway street life andshould act as a welcome home for their former residents (the shikumen will simultaneously be upgraded for new up-market residents). This design will enable the shikumen’s former residents to stay close to their old homes, while allowing them to keep in touch with friends and neighbours. The project’s design also allows for plenty of scope for the rich social interaction that typically takes place in the older neighbourhoods of the city.

Problem The design of consumer products that are worn on the head relies on the availability of accurate anthropometric information describing the shape and size of the human head and face. Historical anthropometric studies with univariate data have documented the existence of shape differences between Asian and Western head shapes, but the information available to designers has traditionally been based on only Western data. As a result, Asian users have often experienced poor fit in products used on the head. In addition, the geometry of the head is complex, making traditional univariate data unsatisfactory as a description for its form, as it typically includes only numerical values for head length, head width and circumference. Because of the inelastic nature of the head, products that fit the head are especially demanding in terms of nuances of shape. Proper fit is not just an issue of comfort. A motorcycle helmet that does not fit properly puts its wearer at risk of serious injury or death. Designers need accurate 3D information to create products that fit the Chinese head properly. To maximize the acceptance of such information, data products recording it must integrate with the tools and methods of professional design practice. Methods The limitations of univariate numerical data have been overcome recently with the application of digital 3D scanning methods to anthropometric research. Using 3D scanning, researchers can obtain true 3D spatial co-ordinates for the complex geometry of the human body. Full body scans, however, must spread out their limited number of scan points over the entire body, and therefore fail to capture high resolution data on the geometrically complex areas of the face, hands and feet. Low resolution data derived from full body scans is unsuitable for design applications in head and face product design. To meet the need for accurate high resolution data, the SizeChina project created a survey to gather specialized 3D head scans using a Cyberware 3030 head scanner. As a late-generation anthropometric study, SizeChina was able to benefit from “best practices” developed in previous studies. Existing international anthropometric standards provided clear guidance on the type of data required, as well as the procedure required to calculate the number of subjects needed to achieve statistically significant results. Adult subjects, equally male and female, were recruited from three age groups; 18-30, 31-50, 51-70+ to provide a statistically significant cross section of the adult Chinese population. Data recorded corresponds to the data specified for use in international ergonomic standards mandated in product safety testing and other areas. Results SizeChina collected 2000 high resolution 3D head and face scans from subjects in six provinces across mainland China. Head shape is an important anthropometric variable, relevant to the fields of biology, medicine and design. Statistical comparisons of the 3D scan data obtained from the two recent anthropometric surveys CAESAR and SizeChina confirm the univariate evidence that there is a significant morphological difference between the shape of the Western head and the shape of the Chinese head. The comparison shows that Chinese heads can be generally characterized as rounder than their western counterparts with a flatter back and forehead. The findings of this study show that headgear designed using Western anthropological head shape are not appropriate for the Chinese head. Conclusion “New Anthropometrics” refers to a field of study that aims to bridge the gap between design and science to provide 3D anthropometric information that is scientifically accurate, but at the same time intellectually accessible to non-scientists. The research outcomes of this project have generated specific data aimed at solving the problem of “Asian fit” in commercial headwear products. The project has also yielded new approaches to the problem of communicating that information to its targeted user groups of designers and engineers.

Water resources contribute greatly to human well being, both directly and indirectly. Water resources are irreplaceable natural resources, and are limited. However, due to a growing population and related economic development, the water demand from urban, industry and agriculture has increased dramatically. Water shortage has become one of the most severe problems of the Yellow River basin, and has become a major constraint for the social and economic development of the region. It is well known that water demand management methods aim at applying economic incentives to reduce the consumption of water and to encourage conservation and protection of water resources. Water pricing, an important part of demand management, has been identified as a major solution to deal with water scarcity. Water is widely recognized to be, an economic good. But, in many cases the existing price for consumers is much less than the cost of production. Because these subsidies have traditionally been in place, the water price has never been connected to the actual cost by the government or local authorities. Consequently Water pricing reforms are strongly recommended in the Yellow River basin. One of the most important issues of water pricing reform is to set a rational price. Alot of discussion is going on about how to calculate the water price and which factors should be taken into account. There are many factors playing an important role in the economic valuation of water. Besides water supply cost and operation and maintenance cost, it has to take into account such factors as the intrinsic value of water, environment effects, sustainabihty, affordability of consumers, and so on. Based on above principles, the following topics were analyzed systemically in this study. These topics included: (1) water demand management and the role of water pricing, (2) the present situation of water price system and existing problems in Yellow River basin, (3) the value of water - theory and applications in other countries, (4) full cost recovery and analysis of factors effecting the water price, (5) WRM principles and consequences for water pricing, (6) a case study on a water supply project in the Lower Yellow River, (7) legal and institutional procedures for water pricing, and finally, providing a conclusion and recommendations. This study has set up the concept of Full Cost Recovery for the pricing of water supply. Putting forward Full Cost Water Pricing should include three parts: resource cost, engineering cost and environmental cost. A theoretical framework was developed to solve the problems of the calculation of full cost water price. This theoretical framework has been applied to a case study for irrigation district on the lower Yellow River. Due to limitations of data availability, different assumptions have been made during the case study, which should be further improved and refined. With detailed field studies and data analysis, this study could be helpful for the development of the water pricing reform for the Yellow River and support YRCC in this aim to come to a more integrated management of the water resources in the basin.

The original goal of this project is to design a win-win solution: boosting Chinese growers’ businesses, by matching their needs with Dutch know-how, then naturally establishing potential market in China for Dutch horticulture technology companies, for instance, Codema. After early research and 2-month field research, the researcher discovered that driven by the increasing consumer demands, the horticulture chain in China is growing at a tremendous speed. And at the very beginning of the chain, Chinese growers could be classified into 3 groups: beginner, senior and expert based on their production equipments: plastic tunnels, sunlight greenhouses, and gutter-connected greenhouse. The application of gutter-connected greenhouse concentrated on breeder in both vegetable and flower industry. Different growers have different needs in terms of technology. Top tier growers focus on the quality, quantity and controlling the cost by means of chain integration. They need unique seeds, alternative to high labor cost, efficient logistics, and trustworthy marketing means like organic labeling. Senior growers at middle level started to scale up their production and become aware of the importance of quality. They need affordable heating solution and means to improve sales. Novice peasants intend to minimize cost as much as possible. They ask for cheaper solution during the initial investment and more upgrade options based on sunlight greenhouse. Based on these various needs from different growers, 3 different approaches, introduction customization and modularization, have been suggested. For these 3 different approaches, the basic knowledge of running horticultural business is fundamental. It’s the perfect language to communicate with senior and expert growers during introduction and customization. It could also support the Beginner growers to level up To get a thorough understanding of what this knowledge is, the researcher visited several successful Chinese and Dutch growers, and integrated their inputs and formulated a generic method of planning a horticulture business: start with the initial capital, plant type, and production location; aim at economic profit; deduce the plant price, quality and yield; and then discover the ideal production parameters (light, water, nutrition, etc); and finally decide the plan of investing various resources (labor, land, energy, equipment, etc) based on their contributions to the total profit. And this method was later embodied into a greenhouse investment tool to: a, educate the novice peasant grower about how to start a horticulture business; b, optimize senior grower’s investment plan; c, fully configure through the whole chain for expert grower. It also benefits Dutch partners in 2 ways. In the short term, the business value of Dutch technology becomes more visible and understandable to potential Chinese client. In the long run, it increases the knowledge inside Dutch horticulture sector about various needs of Chinese growers for future development. A prototype was built and tested by Chinese senior grower with quite positive feedback. Multiple stakeholders from the Netherlands and China are reacting positively and willing to push this project forward to the next stage.

Hobaho as the second largest intermediary company in the flower bulb business has been suffering from stagnant and declining development in recent three years. Its broker business with lily bulb market has decreased more seriously comparing to other bulb species, which dropped from 27% to 20% in recent three year. Due to the frustrated marketing share Hobaho decide to investigate the possible future strategy from the supply chain perspective in order to save its lily business. This master thesis focuses on Chinese lily bulb market as Hobaho’s target supply chain destination in terms of the marvelous development in floriculture in China. The goal of this project is to find out the most effective and efficient supply chain role for Hobaho in the lily bulb export-import process into China and then strategy and implement will be develop which fits Hobaho’s mission and vision. The process of this project consist of five phases, there are namely: analysis internal & external bulb business; research of bulb supply chain; design performance-risk measurement tools; application tools on developed different scenarios; implementing optimal scenario After designed a supply chain measurement tool, the current roles of Hobaho and four scenarios have been evaluated and compared. Ultimately to be an intermediary with Chinese bulb stakeholder has been top one scenario to develop according to Hobaho’s current consideration and capacity. Based on the chosen scenario, the main strategy to facilitate Chinese bulb stakeholder is offering one stop service to their clients. A potential clients list has been offered accompany with some feasible implement plans which based on time-phase. Moreover some new thoughts of future Chinese bulb market have been present for Hobaho future opportunities.

This project came into being in response to the growing appetite in China for grape wines. Alterego has an expertise business in food & drink, culture and marketing, and it is also eyeing the emerging Chinese market, therefore the mutual understanding between the Chinese and the grape wine needs to be addressed, and this will be accomplished in this project by embedding cultural and economic value into the design and activation of this new grape wine brand for China. Project assignment: The assignment of this project is to create a brand of grape wine from France to China market, and create a brand activation plan for short term. In the long term, the brand concept will act as a guideline in further design, communication and promotion. Research activities: The research defined who the target group is, what to communicate, how and where to the brand interact with target group. To reach these objectives the research was performed in steps of data collection, data analysis, conceptualization, and brand activation design. 1. Data collection: collect information about grape wine culture, Chinese social-cultural context, current China market and competitors there, consumer characteristic and needs. Data collection was conducted in multiple methods, from academic papers, books, business report, fieldwork interview, observation, wine tasting experiment and internet anecdote collection. 2. Data analysis: Data analysis can be divided into two aspects of internal analysis and external analysis. Internal analysis covers the existing business of the company, its strength and weakness in creating such international brand, and the grape wine itself, i.e. classification and function of grape wine. External analysis bigger social context, consumer analysis and competitor analysis. 3. Conceptualization: After interpretation of analysis result, brand concept was build and selected. 4. Brand activation design: Based on the brand positioning concept and key aspects for interactive touch point, brand activation design was developed. i.e. physical product, interaction channel, and distribution channel. Final results: The main benefits proposed by the brand to consumer are pleasant taste, relaxing south France ambience, modern western lifestyle. And the core target group is the 20-35 year-old young adult living in urban area, with mid-high income. The final brand activation deals with 3 aspects: 1) product design, 2) communication & interaction, and 3) distribution channels. It includes a design brief and a visual example of physical product, brand interaction plan, and a distribution channel mix for the first year after launch. The final results also include a business case that integrates the branding project into market context with 4-Ps: Product, Price, Place and Promotion, and a forecasted cash flow, and break-even analysis for 1st fiscal year.

In this study we focus on the use of remotely sensed data, mainly data from the GRACE mission, for the detection of hydrological changes in China. More specifically, the Hai - Huai - Huang basins and the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir are studied. Due to noise and the required filtering of the monthly GRACE gravity field solutions there is a limitation on both the magnitude of changes and the spatial scale at which changes occur for these changes to be successfully detected. We investigate if we can detect changes in hydrology in these areas and if it is possible to ascribe detected hydrological changes to anthropogenic water use or water management. The conducted research can be divided into two parts. In the first part we perform a large scale analysis on the different river basins. Precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture are considered for the individual basins and used when analyzing the total water storage variations as computed from GRACE gravity field solutions. Modeled soil moisture variations are found to be unreliable in (part of) the research area. We make assumptions to limit the modeled soil moisture variation and try to compute the groundwater depletion in this area more accurately. In the second part we compute the change in reservoir volume of the Three Gorges reservoir over time using laser altimetry and a Digital Elevation Model. Forward modeling if this signal shows good agreement with results found from monthly GRACE gravity field solutions.

This is the graduate project focus at social and spatial integration of a group of people called “low income graduate” in China who are now has sever housing issue. And in this project the strategy mainly brought up an alternative land development model to research and finding solutions.

In an age of ever increasing urbanization with massive migrations from the countryside to the city, Asia is at a cross roads. 'The Wall' is a masterplan for the city Chengdu in the West of China. It is based on public transport. It is an urban strategy which densifies the existing city edge, thereby re-establishing the contrast between city and countryside. This leaves open spaces to act as green lungs for the city. To prove the masterplan one building in the masterplan is developed as an case-study. This building; 'The Eroded Block' is a mixed-use building with focus on public space. It is an extrusion of a triangle plot with big openings eroded in the volume.

A research project was started at the Delft University of Technology in order to study the interaction between waves as well as a current and a muddy bed. For this purpose several experiments were made on artificial clays. In the present report only flume experiments on China Clay are discussed. In the experiments made special attention was paid to the liquefaction mechanism, the turbulence structure over a liquefied bed and the influence of liquefaction on the wave damping. The experimental results showed, among other things, that a layer of fluid mud was generated as soon as the wave height exceeded a certain threshold value. This value increases with the consolidation period. Pressure induced shear stresses in the bed calculated under the assumption of China Clay being a poro-elastic material, show that these stresses play an important role in the liquefaction process of mud. The waves were significantly damped as soon as a layer of fluid mud was generated. The damping was only little influenced by a current. Furthermore, it was observed that the fluid mud was transported very easily by a current and hardly any mud was entrained into the water layer during this process. The velocity measurements showed that the turbulence intensities decreased in a stationary current when a layer of fluid mud was present, which result corresponds with visual observations made when dye was injected into the flow. The observations and pressure measurements usually made at the transparent sidewall of a set-up are not representative of the actual physical processes away from the sidewalls. Only measurements carried out far from a wall give a quantitative description of the processes inside the bed. Pore-pressure measurements showed a transient decrease, possibly caused by the break down of the aggregate structure, succeeded by a gradual build-up of an excess pore pressure so as to compensate for the vanishing effective stress. The wave damping and velocity amplitudes in the fluid mud which were determined during the experiments, correspond wen with the calculated results using a modified version of Gade's model (1958).

Smart Grids are able to rigorously change the current electricity system. Currently pilot project are implemented and the next step is to embed Smart Grids into the electricity system. This requires new institutions, because of the new possibilities of a Smart Grid. There are two challenges to embed the Smart Grid into a town in Shenzhen where this study was based. (1) Unequal distribution of benefits, the distribution system operator has to implement a more expensive grid which lowers sales. (2) Large electricity users which cover 70% of the total consumption do not benefit from the Smart Grid like residential and small commercial usage. To counter the first challenge trade-offs need to be made between economic viability and sustainable performance. Large electricity users could be incentive to install renewable energy sources but still remain an issue for the Smart Grid. One way or the other, strong governmental regulation is necessary since the market does not converge towards a Smart Grid.

In line with governance trends around the world, a growing number of expressways in the People’s Republic of China are managed as Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The tremendous growth in demand for mobility in newly emerging economies has led to a gap between investment needs and available public funding. Using private funds is potentially helpful in closing this gap and accommodating the social and economic needs of motorization. By some, it is also hoped that contracting-out and involvement of the private sector will lead to higher transparency and accountability. However, in line with what has been found in various transport infrastructure modes, during uncertain and hazy transition periods that arise after infrastructure reforms, many forms of potentially pernicious strategic behaviour can pop up. Strategic behaviour emerges from information a-symmetry between private and public players, where the former act as agents and the latter as principals. In this article, China’s evidence on various types of strategic behaviour in the management of expressways is found. Several PPP projects for expressways in China are investigated empirically. And conclusions are drawn as to what possible cures are effective countermeasures of strategic behaviour, and what are the implications for Europe.

This graduation project is proposed by the author and conducted in collaboration with Dorel Netherlands. As one of the leading companies worldwide in juvenile products industry, Dorel wants to take its social responsibility by committing to the well being of babies and young children living in a BOP (Bottom of the pyramid) situation. The purpose of this graduation project is to investigate the life of migrant workers and the living conditions of their baby and young children in big cities in China and design a product that supports the mobility and convenience in their life with their kids in big cities. Therefore, the most important parts of this project are the field research in China and developing the final design concept. From the literature study, it shows that China is now experiencing the largest mass migration of people from the countryside to the city in history. An estimated 230 million Chinese (2010) have left the countryside and migrated to the cities in recent years. There are also 20 million children of migrant workers living in the cities with their parents. These so-called migrant children are facing the problems of lacking parental care and struggling to integrate into urban life. It also takes a lot more efforts and causes more inconvenience of the parents to work and take care of their children at the same time. Based on the literature study, a field research is done in China to get deep insights of the life of migrant families in big cities. The research lasts for one month in four cities: Beijing, Shanghai (two megacities with populations of 19.6 million and 23 million), Hangzhou (a big city with more than 8.7 million people) and Kunshan (the location of Dorel China). Five typical cases of migrant worker families’ life are analyzed on the topics of general context, daily life with children and baby stroller in use. More than 15 baby products shops are visited to get an overview of current baby stroller industry and market in China. From the case studies, it is found that self-employed families and migrant workers who rent rooms in some migrant workers community or normally communities are the most potential target group for this project because of the comparably stable condition than other migrant workers (such as manufacturing workers and construction workers). The most possible usage contexts are new workers community (so called villages next to cities), markets, hybrid communities and public transportation (seldom in bus, but once a year in average by train). An extra interesting finding is that shopping trolley is getting popular (some examples of using shopping trolley to transport kids are seen) among the target group. The outcomes of the field research are synthesized into a main design goal (Design an aspirational product in an affordable price with high performance for migrant workers who have babies (0-3 years old) to support the convenience and mobility in their daily work and life with babies in big cities, as well as enhance the parental care and comfort for the babies’ healthy growth), stakeholders needs and idea generation guidelines. A physical design guideline is listed according to the conclusion from report of Ergonomic Requirements to Car Seats and Strollers, July 2007, by Daams Ergonomie For Dorel Juvenile Group Europe. By analysing the price of a current baby stroller Quinny Buzz from Dorel, some strategies of lowering the cost is made for further conceptualization. The final concept is developed from three preliminary concepts. The design intends to make a harmonious combination among the functionality of baby stroller, shopping trolley and transporter. The main functionality as a baby stroller is emphasized by the fresh color fabric, while the shopping trolley function is indicated by the mesh material and the function of a transporter is hidden under the fabric. When the fabric part is taken away, the frame itself gives a natural indication of a transporter. Then tensioned appearance gives the consumers a high quality impression of the product. User improvisations are encouraged in the product with some detailed use cues. Different positions for the baby to sit or lie in the stroller can be realized by the telescopic system on the back frame. Different from most of the strollers on market, the stroller is using a two dimensional folding to lower the production cost but still in a compact way to be stored in the limited living space. According to the weight and cost estimation, the product is less than 5 KG and the production cost will be less than 15 euro. A working prototype is made based on the Solidworks model. In the prototype, most of the functionalities and features are demonstrated.

The South China Sea's (SCS) seasonal, large-scale temperature cycle is governed to a large extend by the monsoon. This phenomenon modulates the large-scale circulation, transport and mixing as well as the exchange processes with the Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea. Also, significant variations in net surface heat flux will contribute to the large-scale, seasonal temperature cycle. As a result, a seasonal mixed layer temperature cycle of over 6oC occurs in the northern SCS regions and between 2oC and 4oC in the southern regions. Over the central SCS temperature stratification is observed throughout the year, while over the shallow northern and southern regions atmospheric forcing and large-scale transport will attribute to a seasonal breakdown of the stratified system. The objective of this study is to assess the large-scale three-dimensional temperature cycle of the SCS and to develop a corresponding hydrodynamic model that is resolving the monsoonal response. Due to the significant spatial and temporal scales, sea level anomalies observed by satellite altimetry and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observed by satellite radiometer play an essential role in this study, both to assess the SCS physical system and for modelling applications. The model is setup using the Delft3D-FLOW hydrodynamic modelling package and applies an orthogonal spherical-curvilinear and boundary fitted grid in the horizontal. In the vertical a sigma-layer approach is applied. In the deep SCS regions the model depth is truncated based on a reduced depth approach. For surface heating the so-called Ocean heat flux model of Delft3D-FLOW is used. At the open model boundaries water level and lateral transport forcing is applied. The model does not resolve tidal forcing. An extensive sensitivity analysis is performed, with model forcing and validation data both for a climatological year and for the year 2000. The models temperature accuracy is subsequently improved by assimilating remotely sensed SST data using a nudging method. On seasonal scales, the model represents the large-scale transport, surface heating and stratification with reasonable accuracy. Without SST nudging a mean difference of 1.75oC is observed with respect to validation data. By nudging SST the mean difference decreases with 15% to 1.5oC.

This thesis is a specific research about the city of Chengdu in Western China. The city is at the very heart of the dramatic transformation of China and can be seen as a perfect model city of recent growth. The city showed an explosive growth in GDP, urban area, infrastructure and living standards. There are however enormous qualitative challenges for further growth concerning land use, domesticity, biodiversity, water and air quality; The city is at the crossroads. In order to attempt to resolve the challenges, which path will it take? It is the hypothesis of this thesis, that the underlying framework of the city, its streets and public spaces, is the basis for development, because these are a lasting foundation for years. The thesis takes on the perspective of ordinary public places that are meaningful for everyday life. Therefore it is crucial to understand space, the Chinese perception of it and how to structure it. The result of this thesis is a proposal for an alternative urban architectural model that will guide the city towards compact growth, giving at the same time ‘place’ to the millions of new migrants.

China is changing fast. Large infrastructure and construction projects turned China into the world’s largest importer of heavy construction equipment. Many projects are built in a very short period of time. Most observations outside of China are referred to fast prestigious projects such as Beijing Olympics subway, Beijing International Airport Terminal-3 and Shanghai Pu Dong International Airport with beautiful designs, grand structures and short construction time period are practically not the complete picture of building infrastructure in China. In fact, plenty of infrastructure projects took long time duration of decision making process on Chinese large infrastructure projects. Therefore, the main research is to answer the following research question: What are the critical factors that explain time duration of the decision making process on China’s large infrastructure projects? In order to answer this question, three major methods are used: desk research, interviews and case study. The desk research includes documentary studies of the related institutional reports, official white papers and academic research for general information. The interviews are conducted by face to face interview, telephone interview and online interview, which can provide detailed information and data which are difficult to be found from document study. The case study is focusing on one single case, Harbin subway project, which is explained from two decision making perspectives generated from theoretical research: project perspective and process perspective. Factors explaining long time decision making duration of the selected case will be explored based on both the analytical process by applying theoretical framework and the output that how much theoretical framework can apply on the decision-making process of the selected case. Based on the case study, certain of factors are identified as critical to explain time-duration of decision making process on large infrastructure projects in China. They are 1)insufficient power results in inefficient progress, 2)absence of entrepreneurs and absence of coupling, 3)closed national policy window, 4)strategic behaviors among interactions, 5)interminable application procedure on Chinese large infrastructure projects, 6)strategic choice to urban infrastructure services instead of new infrastructure construction project, 7)frequent personnel changes of mayor position, 8)tense economic interference and a tight link between national economic development and infrastructure investment and 9)the changing cognitions of Chinese residences. At last corresponding learning points drawn up as: 1) under Mao’s regime, decision making process presents the most significant characteristics from the project perspective; After Deng’s economic reform and power decentralization, certain characteristics from the process perspective emerged at the municipal government and central government still presents limited characteristics from the process perspective. 2) The characteristics of decision making process on economic infrastructure project as Harbin subway case are varied from that of the national mission project and image project. 3) Different municipal power status and regional deviation result in different speed of decision making process.