· · · Institutional Repository

Luchtvervuiling vooral veroorzaakt door het verkeer zorgt voor grote problemen in Nederland. Daarom moeten gemeenten ieder jaar rapport uitbrengen over de luchtvervuiling in hun gemeente. In een aantal punten kan de luchtvervuiling berekend worden door gebruik te maken van gecompliceerde modellen, maar om te bepalen waar precies de toegestane normen worden overschreden moet gebruik gemaakt worden van interpolatie. Hierbij is het ook belangrijk om een schatting te kunnen geven van de gemaakte fout bij de interpolatie. Bij dit project wordt linearie interpolatie (2D), polynomiale fitting en Kriging behandeld, waarbij de nadruk ligt op Kriging, een statistische interpolatiemethode. Door gebruik te maken van deze interpolatiemethode kan onafhankelijk van de ligging van de datapunten een goede schatting gegeven worden van de plaatsen waar toegestane normen worden overschreden en van de interpolatiefout.

This project is conducted on behalf of American Today, a Dutch fashion retail company with 59 stores in The Netherlands, Belgium and France. They offer American college style clothing for guys and girls and state that they are “young minded”. Their mission is to make easy comfortable clothing available for students and everybody else who identifies with student fashion and style. My graduation project is about the trying on of clothes within the America Today stores. Many people dislike the process of trying clothes when at a major fashion store. There are several reasons for this discomfort. I enhanced the conventional shopping experience by improving the user experience during the fitting process. This was achieved, not by creating a new fitting room, but by designing a new experience. By making it more comfortable and fun, people will have more of a reason to return to the store and try on clothes. This will in turn lead to an increase in revenue as 67% of all people that try something on in the store end up buying it. To create the new experience the ViP method is used, this resulted in distinguishing 4 different shopping types (See figure/diagram at center of poster). These different types led to 3 new concepts. The concepts are innovative and fit the brand image very well. Concept 1 The interaction vision for type 1 is: “like backpacking through Europe.” This means that he/she likes to stop and look around a lot, thereby trying out different things. To help this person I encourage them to have small fitting sessions on the shop floor. The concept contains a sign to activate people, a hook to let people hang their own clothes on (like a jacket) and a little stool to put some belongings on (like a backpack). By stimulating people to try out “on the way”, it is more likely that people will try out more items. Concept 2 Type 3 prefers to get an honest opinion from other people. To help this person during the fitting process I developed a concept that is focused on asking other “fitters” what they think about their creation in a subtle, spontaneous manner. The concept contains an interactive mirror inside the fitting room that allows you to take a picture of your outfit and instantly send it to the interactive mirrors in the other fitting rooms. The other “fitters” are then able to respond, by choosing from a list of pre-set comments. This concept lets customers get in contact with each other and seeing each other’s creations can lead to impulse sales. Concept 3 Type 4 likes to shop together and finds the opinion of their friends the most important. Their interaction vision is “like going on spring break”. This group experiences shopping as fun and enjoyable. The concept is an America Today Promotion Tour that creates parties at student dorms. In this way the target group gets to know America Today and America Today can observe their target group in their natural environment.

Sometimes children are born with (part of) an arm missing. Next to congenital loss, children or adults can loose their arm due to an accident or illness. The missing arm can be replaced with a prosthesis, connected to the arm remnant by a socket. Existing sockets tend to have a hot and humid climate and some sockets are difficult to don and doff. The WILMER open socket is adjustable but looks bulky. All these disadvantages result in reduced wearing of the prosthesis. After the current prostheses are evaluated, the existing patents and available literature are investigated, a list of requirements was made for a new design. With the requirements, the problem can be solved by improving a current socket and designing new sockets. The application of new materials in prosthetics is evaluated, resulting in several new designs. The WILMER open socket is improved, resulting in another design. From these designs one concept is chosen and detailed. The chosen concept is made of stainless steel wire mesh, with an adjustable condyle brace and a standard forearm shell over the mesh.

Corticomuscular communication during wrist motor tasks was investigated in this study. EEG signals from the sensorimotor cortex and EMG data from the reflexive carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles were recorded from five healthy subjects while performing visual-motor force tasks, with and without perturbation on the wrist. Different continuous perturbation signals with different frequency content (multisines), as well as perturbation resulting in rapid angular displacements of the wrist were applied to study the existence of synchronization on corticomuscular communication, as well as the possible trancortical contribution to the late reflexes on the muscle. Corticomuscular, perturbation- EEG and perturbation - EMG coherences were calculated for all tasks. Three out of five subjects did show high coherence results in beta band when applying multisine perturbation and decreased in base task and in tasks with rapid angular displacements of the wrist, implying an Ia afferent contribution from muscle spindles to beta EEG. The connection of the perturbation to the brain and the muscles is considered non-linear due to high corticomuscular coherence found in harmonics of the excited frequencies. Current source density was applied on frequencies with high corticomuscular coherence. Contralateral supplementary motor cortex is more likely to cause corticomuscular communication at high frequencies of the beta band. Moreover, proprioceptive-evoked potentials were calculated from tasks with continuous rapid angular displacements of the wrist. The basal ganglia is more likely to be involved in the generation of early proprioceptive-evoked activity.

Static Timing Analysis (STA) is one approach to verify the timing of a digital circuit. The currently used Gate Level Model (GLM) has limitations on performing STA for circuits when taking process variations into consideration. The transistor level model is developed taking the statistical factors into account. This thesis presents an implementation of the simplified transistor model in Verilog-AMS such that the model can be installed as a compiled model in existing commercial circuit simulators, such as Spectre. A direct comparison between the proposed transistor model and the sophisticated Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model (BSIM) is presented. Furthermore, the transistor model is extended with process variations awareness for statistical timing analysis. The polynomial curve fitting scheme is proposed in this thesis to improve the model accuracy. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method has approximately 70% improvement in terms of estimating one of the components i.e., drainsource current Ids for the statistical transistor model.

A high resolution Airborne LiDAR data creates better opportunity for an individual tree measurement and provides valuable results for more precise forest inventory. This paper presents tree filtering approach that able to separate dominant tree and undergrowth vegetation. The results can be used for a detailed individual tree measurement. This process is one of the main steps for a single tree extraction from the high resolution Airborne LiDAR data. The filtering technique lies on the fact that a dominant tree has distinct parts in the histogram that represent tree crown, tree trunk, and ground surface with or without undergrowth vegetation. The shape of the histogram was used to identify points that belong to the tree crown and the tree trunk. More points were assigned to the tree trunk based on an iterative analysis of the histogram at certain height above the ground surface. This step was coupled with the RG segmentation. It was found that the filtering routine failed to remove very close undergrowth vegetation. It was also observed that in order to get a good result, the tree filtering method needs at least small area of the tree trunk.

The deformation monitoring of subway tunnel is of extraordinary necessity. Therefore, a method for deformation monitoring based on terrestrial point clouds is proposed in this paper. First, the traditional adjacent stations registration is replaced by sectioncontrolled registration, so that the common control points can be used by each station and thus the error accumulation avoided within a section. Afterwards, the central axis of the subway tunnel is determined through RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) algorithm and curve fitting. Although with very high resolution, laser points are still discrete and thus the vertical section is computed via the quadric fitting of the vicinity of interest, instead of the fitting of the whole model of a subway tunnel, which is determined by the intersection line rotated about the central axis of tunnel within a vertical plane. The extraction of the vertical section is then optimized using RANSAC for the purpose of filtering out noises. Based on the extracted vertical sections, the volume of tunnel deformation is estimated by the comparison between vertical sections extracted at the same position from different epochs of point clouds. Furthermore, the continuously extracted vertical sections are deployed to evaluate the convergent tendency of the tunnel. The proposed algorithms are verified using real datasets in terms of accuracy and computation efficiency. The experimental result of fitting accuracy analysis shows the maximum deviation between interpolated point and real point is 1.5mm, and the minimum one is 0.1mm; the convergent tendency of the tunnel was detected by the comparison of adjacent fitting radius. The maximum error is 6mm, while the minimum one is 1mm. The computation cost of vertical section abstraction is within 3 seconds/section, which proves high efficiency.