The City as a License. Implications of Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers for Urban Governance

The City as a License. Implications of Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers for Urban Governance

Gloerich, Inte (Hogeschool van Amsterdam)
de Waal, Martijn (Hogeschool van Amsterdam)
Ferri, Gabriele (Hogeschool van Amsterdam)
Cila, N. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)
Karpinski, Tara (Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda)

2020

Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) such as blockchain have in recent years been presented as a new general-purpose technology that could underlie many aspects of social and economic life, including civics and urban governance. In an urban context, over the past few years, a number of actors have started to explore the application of distributed ledgers in amongst others smart city services as well as in blockchain for good and urban commons-projects. DLTs could become the administrative backbones of such projects, as the technology can be set-up as an administration, management and allocation tool for urban resources. With the addition of smart contracts, DLTs can further automate the processing of data and execution of decisions in urban resource management through algorithmic governance. This means that the technological set-up and design of such DLT based systems could have large implications for the ways urban resources are governed. Positive contributions are expected to be made toward (local) democracy, transparent governance, decentralization, and citizen empowerment. We argue that to fully scrutinize the implications for urban governance, a critical analysis of distributed ledger technologies is necessary. In this contribution, we explore the lens of “the city as a license” for such a critical analysis. Through this lens, the city is framed as a “rights-management-system,” operated through DLT technology. Building upon Lefebvrian a right to the city-discourses, such an approach allows to ask important questions about the implications of DLTs for the democratic governance of cities in an open, inclusive urban culture. Through a technological exploration combined with a speculative approach, and guided by our interest in the rights management and agency that blockchains have been claimed to provide to their users, we trace six important issues: quantification; blockchain as a normative apparatus; the complicated relationship between transparency and accountability; the centralizing forces that act on blockchains; the degrees to which algorithmic rules can embed democratic law-making and enforcing; and finally, the limits of blockchain's trustlessness.

blockchain
distributed ledgers
platformization
public values
urban governance

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6a316b96-9582-4539-a88e-c50d0d7efa4a

https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2020.534942

2624-9634

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2, 56-70

Institutional Repository

review

© 2020 Inte Gloerich, Martijn de Waal, Gabriele Ferri, N. Cila, Tara Karpinski