Title
Quantifying Biomedical Amplifier Efficiency: The noise efficiency factor
Author
Hall, Drew A. (University of California)
Makinwa, K.A.A. (TU Delft Microelectronics) 
Jang, Taekwang (ETH Zürich)
Department
Microelectronics
Date
2023
Abstract
There has been a long-standing interest in controlling and instrumenting the human body. Whether to restore lost function with neural prosthetics, monitor blood glucose levels, or augment human capabilities, there are countless opportunities for sensors inside ( e.g., ingestible, injectable, and implantable) and outside ( e.g., wearable) the body. However, many challenges exist when instrumenting the body. First, many use cases ( e.g., implanted sensors) require long-term recording to capture anomalous behavior—sometimes with limited accessibility—necessitating ultralow power consumption. Second, the power reduction challenge is further exacerbated by size constraints, which limit battery capacity or harvestable energy levels. Third, the signals of interest are often low bandwidth (kHz) and small in amplitude (µV to mV); thus, low-noise front ends are needed. Addressing these challenges has led to a large body of work on the design of highly power-efficient, low-noise amplifiers for biomedical integrated circuits.
Subject
Light amplifiers
Wearable sensors
Anomalous behavior
Blood glucose level
Human bodies
Human capability
Injectables
Long-term recording
Neural prosthetic
Noise efficiency factors
Ultra-low power consumption
Ultralow-power consumption
Low noise amplifiers
To reference this document use:
https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:6cf5cbf4-804d-4fef-940a-a7a830e30268
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2023.3256353
Embargo date
2023-12-20
ISSN
1943-0582
Source
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, 15 (2), 28-33
Bibliographical note
Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.
Part of collection
Institutional Repository
Document type
journal article
Rights
© 2023 Drew A. Hall, K.A.A. Makinwa, Taekwang Jang