Design and Implementation of a 3D National Digital Cadastral Database based on Land Administration Domain Model

Design and Implementation of a 3D National Digital Cadastral Database based on Land Administration Domain Model: Lessons Learned from a 3D Cadaster Project in Malaysia

Rajabifard, Abbas
Atazadeh, Benham
Yip, Kit Meng
Kalantari, Mohsen
Rahimipour Anaraki, Mohsen
Olfat, Hamed
Badiee, Farshad
Shojaei, Davood
Lim, Chan Keat
Mohd Zain, Mohd Azua

2019-10-02

With the growing dominance of urban infrastructures in Malaysia, 2D-based cadastral systems in this country are facing new challenges in recording, managing and visualizing the spatial extent of urban land parcels. In Malaysia, surveying and cadastral measurements are currently stored in the National Digital Cadastral Data Base (NDCDB), which is a 2D-based database in the form of planimetric coordinates (X, Y). However, cadastral parcels exist in three dimensional (3D), and 2D coordinates are not adequate to communicate these 3D objects. Therefore, the existing methods of data collection, calculation and adjustment of survey and processing data needs to be upgraded for the purposes of implementing 3D cadastral database and producing digitally certified 3D plans. The upgrade from 2D to 3D environments should be in line with a standardized approach. In this context, the international Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard provides a formal conceptual model for recording and managing cadastral data. It provides an extensible basis for the development and refinement of efficient and effective land administration systems, based on a Model Driven Architecture (MDA), and enables involved parties, both within one jurisdiction and across different countries, to communicate based on a shared vocabulary or ontology implied by the model. A good ontology underpins an interoperable sharing and exchange of cadastral data. The aim of this paper is to propose a new LADM-driven approach to develop and implement a 3D cadastral prototype system for Malaysia. The proposed approach comprises new changes in the current cadastral surveying practices and workflows, a new architecture to support 3D land parcels, and a new database for creating an LADM-based 3D cadastral system which is aligned with jurisdictional settings of Malaysia. In a simple term, moving from 2D-NDCDB to 3D-NDCDB consists of capturing, processing and management of height of survey points that define parcel boundaries. However, this will bring many changes to existing surveying practices in order to capture height components in land parcels, data modelling to be compliant with the LADM standard, application stack to utilize open source technologies and workflow to minimize the overall changes to 2D-NDCBD. This study demonstrated and confirmed that Malaysian cadastral infrastructure is ready for an upgrade to support 3D digital data. The integration of vertical data with existing horizontal data will require a careful consideration due to different degrees of uncertainty that would result from the various methods of data collection. Based on the outcomes of the pilot study, it is recommended that the Government of Malaysia lay the groundwork for a 3D cadastral system by: • Investigating legislative requirements for the introduction of 3D data collection into the current workflows • Investigating the legal significance of the cornerstone as opposed to the land parcel in the context of the current cadastral system • Trialing the current prototype system in selected land development and infrastructure projects • Conducting a pilot project to investigate the integration of strata development subdivisions into the current prototype system • Developing a roadmap for a fully operational 3D cadastre system in Malaysia considering developments in Spatially Enabled Government (SEG) including artificial intelligence for visual communications and analysis as well as integrating building information modelling (BIM) into land administration systems.

Malaysia
3D cadaster
3D-NDCDB
Land Administration Domain Model

https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:bf155fd1-ecb7-43d6-bc55-04cbf8c248c7

Conference proceedings

conference paper

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