Print Email Facebook Twitter Proposing a more comprehensive future total cost of ownership estimation framework for electric vehicles Title Proposing a more comprehensive future total cost of ownership estimation framework for electric vehicles Author van Velzen, Arjan (ENGIE E&P Nederland B.V) Annema, J.A. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics) van de Kaa, G. (TU Delft Economics of Technology and Innovation) van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics) Date 2019 Abstract Different scholars have tried to forecast the total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric vehicles (EVs). These studies use different implicit assumptions. This research aims to develop a more comprehensive EV TCO forecasting framework based on a combination of literature review and interviews. The main finding is a framework of 34 factors that influence the future TCO of EVs. By using scenarios, we noticed that the ‘profit margin’ factor seems to be underestimated in current TCO literature. Assuming that in the years to come EV producers want to recoup their investments, we showed that even in a future with much learning and scale effects this does not imply that the TCO of a specific EV will become much lower compared to the TCO of a comparable internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). For policymakers this implies that if they want to stimulate the use of EVs they might also need to put policies (e.g. tax policies) in place to increase the TCO of ICEVs. Another policy implication of our analysis is that EV stimulating policies seem to require a long-term effort. EV manufacturers and dealers might be tempted (or even ‘forced’ by shareholders) to increase EV prices rather quickly. Subject Electric vehiclesTechnology selectionTotal cost of ownership To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:35dc117e-9ba8-44dc-8f23-b21d27c56107 DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.071 ISSN 0301-4215 Source Energy Policy, 129, 1034-1046 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2019 Arjan van Velzen, J.A. Annema, G. van de Kaa, G.P. van Wee Files PDF 1_s2.0_S0301421519301612_main.pdf 1.15 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:35dc117e-9ba8-44dc-8f23-b21d27c56107/datastream/OBJ/view