Print Email Facebook Twitter How many cars in the city are too many? Title How many cars in the city are too many?: Towards finding the optimal modal split for a multi-modal urban road network Author Loder, Allister (Technische Universität München; ETH Zürich) Bressan, Lea (ETH Zürich) Wierbos, M.J. (TU Delft Transport and Planning) Becker, Henrik (ETH Zürich) Emmonds, Andy (Transport for London) Obee, Martin (Transport for London) Knoop, V.L. (TU Delft Transport and Planning) Menendez, Monica (New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi) Axhausen, Kay W. (ETH Zürich) Date 2021 Abstract Interactions among different modes or vehicle classes in urban road networks affect the network performance in different and complex ways. Thus, an answer to the question of “how many cars are too many for a city?” is not trivial. However, multi-modal macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) offer a novel opportunity to answer this question. So far, no methodology exists to estimate multi-modal MFDs resulting from arbitrary multi-modal interactions. In this paper, we propose a methodology to capture additional delays in the shape of the MFD and derive an approach for estimating multi-modal MFDs thereof. The influence on the MFD shape is established using the two-fluid theory of urban traffic by defining pairwise copula functions between travel times of each mode. In contrast to many existing approaches, the presented approach retains individual mode’s speed information. We show the approach’s applicability with a tri-modal case of bicycles, buses and cars with empirical data from Amsterdam (NL) and London (UK). Although the approach is not limited to this specific tri-modal case, we use the example to discuss the initial policy question by deriving optimal modal splits for a given accumulation of travelers. Last, we compare the new approach to existing estimation methods for bi-modal MFDs describing car and bus traffic. Subject macroscopic fundamental diagramtwo-fluid theorymulti-modalbicyclebus To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fa43d4e2-60ff-4e9d-aa0e-7a037218d4c5 DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/ffutr.2021.665006 ISSN 2673-5210 Source Frontiers in Future Transportation Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2021 Allister Loder, Lea Bressan, M.J. Wierbos, Henrik Becker, Andy Emmonds, Martin Obee, V.L. Knoop, Monica Menendez, Kay W. Axhausen Files PDF ffutr_02_665006.pdf 1.86 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:fa43d4e2-60ff-4e9d-aa0e-7a037218d4c5/datastream/OBJ/view