Production, use and reuse of Dutch calcite in drinking water pellet softening

In The Netherlands, 50% of the drinking water is treated with pellet softening for various reasons: i) public health (heavy metal solubility), ii) costs (warm water device maintenance, energy and soap requirement), iii) environmental benefits (energy and soap requirement) and iv) customer comfort (scaling) [2]. Calcium carbonate crystallizes on...

Effect of forward flush on fouling mitigation in ceramic nanofiltration membranes