Deformation of Breakwater Roundheads under Construction

Breakwaters under construction are prone to undesired deformation because the breakwater core is not designed to withstand severe or moderate wave loads. The reshaping mechanisms for a complete (finished) breakwater have been comprehensively studied; however, few research studies have been undertaken to analyze the deformation mechanisms of the...

A generic quantitative damage description for rubble mound structures: Investigation of damage to roundheads by using a 3D high-resolution measurement technique in a physical model

Breakwaters are used for reducing wave height in harbours or divert sediment. One of the types of breakwaters is the rubble mound breakwater. These structures are constructed with smaller quarry rock as core and larger quarry rock as outer layer. For economical reasons, the design allows some damage to the armour layer. The amount of damage is...