Modeling of a Twisted and Coiled Polymer Muscle

A new type of polymeric artificial muscle was recently discovered. This muscle is based on twisted and coiled polymer fiber and is actuated thermally. It has interesting properties, such as low costs and high work densities. Based on fabrication methods, two variations can be considered. The autocoiled variation has a larger load capacity and...

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Linear Time-Varying Pilot-Vehicle System Parameters