Product Life Extension Strategies for PV in the Netherlands: Theory and Practice

The EU has set out to reduce negative impacts from electricity generation on the environment, human health and towards our dependence on fossil fuels. As the fastest growing renewable source of electricity, photovoltaics plays an important role in the energy transition. The manufacturing of photovoltaic modules requires materials classified as...

The Resilient Economy: A Historical Investigation of Governance on Material Constraint in Britain During the Second World War: Creating Resilience to Critical Materials Problems in the Netherlands

The Netherlands is vulnerable to supply restrictions because of the importance of materials for economic development: materials are at the basis of the society. The materials that are particularly vulnerable to supply disruptions and are of high importance to the economy are called critical raw materials. The Dutch government has adopted the...

Reuse of EEE consumer products, a potential End-of-Life strategy for CRM's

BACKGROUND Several elements displayed in the 2011 MEErP’s (Methodology for the Ecodesign of Energy-related Products) and JRC’s (European Commission Joint Research Centre) reports which will be used in preparatory studies for measures under the recast of the Ecodesign Directive, indicate that a European list of Critical Raw Materials (CRM’s)...