Assessing the Demand Response Potential of Heat Pumps in All-Electric Buildings Equipped with PV, EV, and BES to Minimize Energy Costs

In the residential sector, natural gas has been the main consumed energy resource for surface heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) during cold seasons, and substituting this energy carrier with electricity from renewable resources imposes challenges not only in economic but also technical terms. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable...