"uuid","repository link","title","author","contributor","publication year","abstract","subject topic","language","publication type","publisher","isbn","issn","patent","patent status","bibliographic note","access restriction","embargo date","faculty","department","research group","programme","project","coordinates"
"uuid:30d594bf-5ee1-4d25-b7a4-c8e4b4615ce0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:30d594bf-5ee1-4d25-b7a4-c8e4b4615ce0","A Resilience Enhanced Secondary Control for AC Micro-grids","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft Hydraulic Structures and Flood Risk); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2024","Communication-based distributed secondary control is deemed necessary to restore the state of islanding AC microgrids to set points. As its limited global information, the microgrids become vulnerable to cyber-attacks, which by falsifying the communicating singles, like the angular frequency, can disturb the power dispatch in the microgrids or even induce blackout by pushing the microgrids beyond the safe operation area and triggering the protection. To make the microgrids more cyber secure, adaptive resilient control for the secondary frequency regulation is proposed. It assumes that each converter is communicating with its adjacent converters. With the proposed control, the weight of the communication channel being attacked is automatically reduced, and the more the communicating signals are falsified, the further the weight of that communication channel is weakened. The proposed approach does not rely on attack detection and thereby is easy to implement; Besides, it still works when challenged by a combination of multi-attack signals; Moreover, it applies to multiple communication lines getting attacked cases. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed resilient control scheme are validated by both simulations and experimental results.","AC micro-grid; adaptive control; Communication networks; cyber-attack; Cyberattack; distributed control; Frequency control; Microgrids; Power system stability; Resilience; Voltage control","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8ded61c8-bd00-49c9-ab6c-4dcb04206ae6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8ded61c8-bd00-49c9-ab6c-4dcb04206ae6","EV Smart Charging in Distribution Grids - Experimental evaluation using Hardware in the Loop Setup","Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); De Herdt, Lode; Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2024","The rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the face of limited grid capacity encourages the development and implementation of smart charging (SC) algorithms. Experimental validation plays a pivotal role in advancing this field. This article formulates a hierarchical mixed integer programming EV SC algorithm designed for low voltage (LV) distribution grid applications. A flexible receding horizon scheme is introduced in response to system uncertainties. It also considers the practical constraints in protocols, such as IEC/ISO 15118 and IEC 61851-1. The proposed algorithm is verified and assessed in a power hardware-in-the-loop testbed that incorporates models of real LV distribution grids. Furthermore, the algorithm's capabilities are examined through eight scenarios, out of which four focus on the uncertainties of the input data and two address the engagement of extra grid capacity restrictions. The results demonstrate that the SC algorithm adequately lowers the EV charging cost while fulfilling the charging demand, and substantially reduces the peak power as well as the overloading duration, even when faced with input data uncertainty. The additional grid restrictions in place are proven to improve peak demand reduction and overloading mitigation further. Finally, the limitations and potentials of the developed algorithm are scrutinized.","Costs; Distribution Grid; Electric Vehicle; Hardware-In-the-Loop; Hardware-in-the-loop simulation; Optimization; Protocols; Real-time systems; Smart charging; Software algorithms","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c75c9694-0dcf-4dc3-becb-f20e00e4d248","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c75c9694-0dcf-4dc3-becb-f20e00e4d248","A shared PV system for transportation and residential loads to reduce curtailment and the need for storage systems","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Damianakis, Nikolaos (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2024","This paper proposes a shared multi-stakeholder PV system for traction substations and nearby residential loads to reduce the need for storage, AC grid exchange, and curtailment. The residential stakeholders offer both the base electrical load and the solar panels installation space needed by the traction stakeholder, who brings the peak load and investments to the former. Two case studies were conducted for one year in the city of Arnhem, The cy=Netherlands, using comprehensive and verified simulation models: A high-traffic and a low-traffic substation. The results showed a positive, synergetic benefit in reducing the PV system's excess energy and size requirement for any type of traction substations connected to any number of households. In one detailed example, the multi-stakeholder system suggested in this paper is shown to reduce curtailment by up to 80% in moments of zero-traction load. Generally, the direct load coverage of a PV system is increased by as much as 7 absolute percentage points to the single-stakeholder system when looking at energy-neutral system sizes. This multi-stakeholders system offers then an increase in the techno-economic feasibility of PV system integration in urban loads.","DC systems; Electric mobility; Public transport; Smart grids; Solar PV; Trolleybus","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f3dffda4-099d-4c85-b510-ca3285b06f01","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f3dffda4-099d-4c85-b510-ca3285b06f01","Design of Integrated Hybrid Configuration of Modular Multilevel Converter and Marx Generator to Generate Complex Waveforms for Dielectric Testing of Grid Assets","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Soeiro, Thiago Batista (University of Twente); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Kulkarni, Nitish Milind (Student TU Delft); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group; KEMA Laboratories)","","2024","This article proposes a new configuration of a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and a Marx generator to generate fast-rising impulse waveforms. This new configuration improves the capabilities of the MMC-based high voltage arbitrary wave shape generator to generate fast-rising impulse since the MMC topology faces many inherent limitations. Similar to the conventional superimposed circuit of the AC transformer or DC rectifier circuit with the Marx generator, three hybrid circuits of MMC and the Marx generator are introduced, where the most optimal choice is made considering the practical aspect of testing, such as the size, cost and the preparation time. Then, the detailed analytical study is performed on the Marx generator circuit and MMC circuit, and when both circuits are coupled together to deliver a complete guideline on choosing various system parameters when the impulse wave shape and the load capacitor are given. The concept of this new hybrid configuration is demonstrated with a scaled-down prototype where the impulse with a rise time of 1μs is superimposed on different arbitrary wave shapes. Similarly, the MATLAB-Simulink simulation model validates the proposed configuration for a 200 kV DC link voltage and 67 submodules with the desired impulse performance.","Modular Multilevel Converter; Marx generator; Superimposed waveforms; Lightning Impulse","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","High Voltage Technology Group","","",""
"uuid:ac0ab01e-8d77-40e0-a304-b5497baf29ba","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac0ab01e-8d77-40e0-a304-b5497baf29ba","Power Disequilibrium Suppression in Bipolar DC Distribution Grids By Using A Series-Parallel Power Flow Controller","Liao, Jianquan (Sichuan University); Zhou, Niancheng (Chongqing University); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, Qianggang (Chongqing University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The unbalanced power between positive and negative poles in a bipolar DC distribution network (DC-DN) generates an unbalanced current at the neutral line, which enlarges the power losses of the system and the voltage deviation of DC loads. An unbalanced power suppression strategy based on a series-parallel power flow controller (SP-PFC) is proposed in this paper. The SP-PFC is adopted as the interconnection between two different DC-DNs. The topology and operating modes of SP-PFC are analyzed. Subsequently, SP-PFC output voltage and line current expressions under constant power control are derived. The nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and line current is linearized at the operating point. On this basis, the influences of unbalanced load and receiving-end voltage on the SP-PFC are investigated. A small-signal model of bipolar DC-DN containing an SP-PFC is established, and the system stability is analyzed. A simulation model of the bipolar DC distribution network containing an SP-PFC is built up in MATLAB/Simulink, and the effectiveness of the SP-PFC in the suppression of unbalanced power is verified.","Bipolar DC distribution network; unbalanced power; power flow controller; constant power control","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-09-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c8fde9a9-ed21-451f-b76f-abde0e357b12","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c8fde9a9-ed21-451f-b76f-abde0e357b12","Low-Voltage dc System Building Blocks: Integrated Power Flow Control and Short Circuit Protection","Purgat, P. (Eaton Industries GmbH); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Low-voltage direct current (LVdc) systems are a promising technology for systems with a high penetration of renewable sources and storage that operate with bidirectional power flow. In this article, a fundamental building block for LVdc is presented for different applications, such as charge controllers, voltage regulation in street-lighting systems, and current limiters in meshed dc grids. The developed building block integrates a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) and partially rated power flow control converter (PFCC) capable of achieving the given control objectives with extremely high system efficiency and full short circuit protection.","Buildings; Lighting; Silicon; Data centers; Costs; Voltage; Microgrids","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-09-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:71693660-0fd0-47d7-a7c6-0b436ccc0315","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:71693660-0fd0-47d7-a7c6-0b436ccc0315","Voltage/Current Doubler Converter for an Efficient Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles With 400V and 800V Battery Voltages","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The lithium-ion battery of an electric vehicle (EV) is typically rated at either 400 or 800 V. When considering public parking infrastructures, EV wireless chargers must efficiently deliver electric power to both battery options. This can be normally achieved by regulating the output voltage through a dc-dc converter at the cost of higher onboard circuit complexity and lower overall efficiency. This article proposes a wireless charging system that maintains a high power transfer efficiency when charging EVs with either 400- or 800-V nominal battery voltage at the same power level. The control scheme is implemented at the power source side, and only passive semiconductor devices are employed on board the EV. The presented system, called voltage/current doubler (V/I-D), comprises two sets of series-compensated coupled coils, each of them connected to a dedicated H-bridge converter. The equivalent circuit has been analyzed while explaining the parameters' selection. The analytical power transfer efficiency has been compared to the one resulting from the conventional one-to-one coil system at 7.2 kW. For the same power level, the dc-to-dc efficiency of 97.11% and 97.52% have been measured at 400-V and 800-V voltage output, respectively. Finally, the functionality of the V/I-D converter has been proved at both the even and uneven misalignments of the two sets of coupled coils.","Battery voltage; electric vehicles (EVs); inductive power transfer; wireless charging","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-09-15","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a5b08d01-0cd6-49d3-b942-c74f2b9e50e7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5b08d01-0cd6-49d3-b942-c74f2b9e50e7","Hybrid Space Vector Modulation Scheme for the Multiport Hybrid Converter","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Abdelhakim, Ahmed (Abb Research Sweden); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; University of Twente); Canales, Francisco (ABB Switzerland Ltd.); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2023","This work proposes a hybrid space vector modulation (HSVM) scheme for multiport hybrid converters (MHCs). Moreover, the impact of shifting the auxiliary currents from the main ones is proposed and investigated in order to enhance the converter efficiency. The proposed operational schemes have been implemented in a three-phase 5 kW MHC prototype. It is shown that the proposed HSVM scheme can improve the MHC efficiency by 0.3% at full load with respect to space vector modulation. At partial loads, the improvement is even more significant, reaching +0.7% at 30% of the rated power. A further 0.15% increase in efficiency at full power can be achieved by a 180$^{\circ }$ phase shifting of the auxiliary currents with respect to the main terminal currents, reaching a peak efficiency of 98.5%.","Hybrid space vector modulation (HSVM); multiport hybrid converter (MHC); voltage source converter (VSC)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-27","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:842186db-b5a1-47de-a5ab-da2864a92a64","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:842186db-b5a1-47de-a5ab-da2864a92a64","Diagnosis of the implementation of smart grid innovation in The Netherlands and corrective actions","Norouzi, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Hoppe, T. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); Kamp, L.M. (TU Delft Energie and Industrie); Manktelow, C. (University of Exeter); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","With its potentially disruptive nature, the smart grid can be viewed from both a transformational and an innovation systems perspective. Synthesising these, a research approach is adopted in which a Technological Innovation System (TIS) analysis is combined with a transformational perspective to identify a broader range of success and failure factors. This study analyses smart grid innovation system development. The main research question is: What systemic and transformational failures are identified in the development of smart grid innovation in the Netherlands from 2001 to 2021 by combining TIS and a transformational perspective? The question is answered by mapping the events to TIS functions and identifying both ‘systemic failures’ and ‘transformational failures’. Transformational failures are linked to events outside the smart grid TIS that work against the alignment and harmonising of activities within the TIS. Results show that the smart grid innovation system experienced three periods and that it suffers from various structural and transformational failures. TIS functions like knowledge diffusion, and the creation of legitimacy were only fulfilled to a limited extent. Consequently, smart grid innovation is currently still not considered a mainstream technology in the energy transition, and there is little attention to the role of end-users. The study ends with suggestions for future research, including the suitability of the research approach for other contexts and when applied to other energy system innovations.","Smart grid; Systemic failures; System functions; Technological Innovation System; The Netherlands; Transformational failures","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a576fcee-2b86-4344-ae7d-602099a52088","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a576fcee-2b86-4344-ae7d-602099a52088","Frequency Tracking Method and Compensation Parameters Optimization to Improve Capacitor Deviation Tolerance of the Wireless Power Transfer System","Wang, Yi (Beijing Jiaotong University); Yang, Zhongping (Beijing Jiaotong University); Lin, Fei (Beijing Jiaotong University); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Compensation capacitors are naturally susceptible to manufacturing defects and aging effects, leading to the degraded performance of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. This article focuses on the compensation parameters optimization during the design stage and control strategy during the operation phase to improve the inherent capacitor error tolerance of the WPT system. The Sobol sensitivity method is applied to rank the importance of deviations of three capacitors on the transfer characteristics, and then the method of tracking the secondary resonance frequency is proposed. The numerical method is applied to find the optimal compensation parameters, with the constraint that the output voltage change caused by the shift of the designed compensation condition is limited to be less than ±5%. Experimental results show that with the proposed frequency tracking method and compensation parameter optimization, the deviation tolerance index is decreased from 0.485 to 0.363, showing an improvement of 25.2%, and the minimum power factor is increased from 0.78 to 0.89. Besides, the characteristics of constant primary coil current and voltage gain are almost not affected.","Wireless power transfer; compensation errors; detuning tolerance; frequency tracking; parameter optimization","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:46e5884c-772a-4bef-b243-203a05fa15c2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:46e5884c-772a-4bef-b243-203a05fa15c2","A Gradient-Descent Optimization Assisted Gray-Box Impedance Modeling of EV chargers","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Extracting an electric vehicle (EV) charger's input impedance with the analytical model (white-box approach) or the frequency sweep (black-box approach) is limited by the parameter confidentiality or the measurement noise, respectively. To overcome these challenges, a gradient-descent (GD) optimization-based gray-box modeling approach is proposed. To start with, a sensitivity study on the analytical impedance model of an EV charger with a typical controller is carried out to identify the influential frequency range per controller and circuit parameter. On top of that, given an EV charger with unknown control and circuit information, a GD optimization-based algorithm for multiple parameter estimation is designed to identify the unknown controller and circuit parameters based on the measured impedance, by assuming the EV charger is using the typical controller. Then, an analytical input impedance of the black-box EV charger can be obtained. Moreover, the low-accuracy issue commonly encountered when estimating multiple parameters with GD optimization is mitigated with the proposed algorithm. Compared to pure frequency sweep, the proposed approach achieves a higher accuracy for the coupling impedance and a comparable accuracy for the diagonal impedance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by experimental results.","EV Charging; Power Quality; impedance modeling; Parameter Estimation; Gray Box Model; gradient-based optimization; Voltage Source Converter (VSC)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-10-17","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:0bb5734d-6043-4c77-ba97-08d448e31d6b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0bb5734d-6043-4c77-ba97-08d448e31d6b","Switch Voltage Rating Selection Considering Cost-Oriented Redundancy and Modularity-based Trade-offs in Modular Multilevel Converter","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) find increasing applications in medium to high-voltage systems. In such systems, reliability-oriented selection of power electronic switches becomes essential because higher modularity implies an increased number of components. The trade-off between the impact of higher modularity on converter reliability is quantitatively established, corresponding to redundancy costs for the given lifetime requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for an optimal choice among available market switch voltage rating for the MMC. It is shown that the sub-modules (SMs) based on 1.7 kV switches are the most suitable (instead of 1.2 kV and 3.3 kV switches) for two case studies adapting data from the medium voltage grid in The Netherlands. Moreover, the insights from these case studies are generalized to DC link voltage in the range of 10-220 kV and average loading of 1-100%. The sensitivity analysis is performed for the different failure rates (FRs), required lifetime, components cost, and energy price. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to identify the impact of FIDES and Military Handbook (MIL-HDBK) methods. The impact of converter power capacity is studied under the variable current rating. Finally, a generalized form of the proposed method is presented and applied in the published works.","cost assessment; Costs; Insulated gate bipolar transistors; Modular multilevel converter (MMC); modularity; Power system reliability; Redundancy; redundancy; Reliability; reliability analysis; sensitivity analysis; Switches; Voltage","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-09-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2d2b8171-ddbd-4f22-9f54-a845330b35e6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2d2b8171-ddbd-4f22-9f54-a845330b35e6","Opportunity Charging of Electric Buses Directly from a DC Metro Catenary and Without Storage","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","A typical approach to harvesting the excess braking energy of a railway car has been to use a storage system. However, research momentum has been growing in the direction of integrating smart loads like EV chargers into traction networks, and this can offer a more efficient and economical solution to the harvesting of braking energy. This paper examines the case study of a segment of the Amsterdam metro grid with two 350kW integrated DC opportunity chargers for charging electric buses from the traction grid. Of the charging episodes investigated, none of them broke the minimum line voltage requirements of the grid. They managed to greatly offset any additional line losses that they had caused by a successful recuperation of up to 1212kWh per day, depending on the charging duration. In all four schemes, about 22.8% of the picked-up charging energy of the buses per day came from harvesting otherwise-wasted metro braking energy.","Electric Buses; Opportunity Charging; Smart Grids; Storage; Transport","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-11-11","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:75ccf160-59c0-431d-9b18-1cce8eecac91","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75ccf160-59c0-431d-9b18-1cce8eecac91","Submodeling Method-Based Thermal Investigation of the Battery Energy Storage System Integrated in a 450 kW EV Charger","Guan, H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The electric vehicle (EV) market is expanding rapidly. However, the main barriers to EV adoption are high vehicle costs, range issues, and charging infrastructure. Meanwhile, energy storage systems (ESS) appear as a promising solution to preventing grid overload during charging and reducing infrastructure costs. In this paper, the integration of the battery energy storage system (BESS) in a 450 kW EV charger is designed and investigated via modeling and simulation mainly from the perspective of thermal management. To explore the heat dissipation and the temperature distribution across the pack, the thermal model based on the sub-modeling technique is developed via COMSOL, and a preliminary layout and cooling strategy are determined.","fast charging; battery energy storage system; system integration; thermal management","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3ade322c-d4ae-4873-836b-c53f6713cdcc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3ade322c-d4ae-4873-836b-c53f6713cdcc","Comparison of Military Handbook and the FIDES Methodology for Failure Rate Estimation of Modular Multilevel Converters","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Power electronics converters are crucial for power generation, transmission, and distribution. The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is highly valued for its ability to handle high power levels, versatility in reconfiguration, high efficiency through small-capacity submodules (SMs), and robust control capabilities. A failure of a power electronics converter could result in disruptions in the flow of electrical power, which could have severe consequences for people and equipment relying on it. Thus, the reliability of power electronics converters is critical to maintaining the reliability of the electrical power system. Two well-known methodologies, the military handbook (MIL) and the more recent FIDES, can be used to evaluate the MMC's reliability. Both methods consider various factors to estimate the component's failure rate, resulting in different reliability parameters. In this paper, the reliability of the MMC is estimated using both methods, and the results are compared for standby and active redundancy strategies. Lastly, a generalized cost form that considers operational cost, capital cost, redundancy strategies, reliability methods (MIL and FIDES), and the MMC's annual average loading is presented.","cost; failure rate; FIDES; MIL handbook; MMC; redundancy; reliability","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e4fe1a0e-c5b0-4f77-af0f-4ea349f8e0f2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e4fe1a0e-c5b0-4f77-af0f-4ea349f8e0f2","Resonant Magnetoelastic Coupling between Magnetic Vortex and Lattice Breathing Modes","Bondarenko, A.V. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); Kounalakis, M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule); Kusminskiy, Silvia Viola (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2023","Optical photons are ideal carriers for long-distance transmission, while state-of-the-art quantum processors, such as supercon-ducting qubits, operate at microwave frequencies. An important requirement for networked quantum computation is therefore the ability to coherently convert the quantum information from microwave to optical frequencies and vice-versa. We theoretically address a scheme to achieve this via an intermediate conversion to magnons that enhances the weak direct magneto-optical coupling. We wish to demonstrate the feasibility of such a scheme by employing the magnetoelastic coupling between the modes of a magnetic vortex (vortex breathing mode, VBM) and that of the lattice (elastic breathing mode, EBM), which requires no additional external bias field. In our setup all but the opto-mechanical coupling can be made resonant. We propose an alternative Mumax3 simulation post-processing procedure for semi-classical normalization, where we use regression analysis of the the internal energy dependency on excitation amplitude in a limit cycle motion. We provide estimates for direct resonant coupling between the VBM and the EBM.","breathing mode; magnetic vortex; magnetostriction; nanomagnetism","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","QN/Blanter Group","","",""
"uuid:fa43f957-13a8-411b-b51a-96174a1c3c5f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fa43f957-13a8-411b-b51a-96174a1c3c5f","Demonstration of Scalable Series-Connected Submodule of Modular Multilevel Converter-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator used for High Voltage Testing from Off-the-Shelf Component","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; University of Twente); Gagic, Mladen (TU Delft ESP LAB); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group)","","2023","To test high-voltage (HV) equipment with increasingly complex transients obtained from various power system studies, this article demonstrates a hardware implementation of a medium-voltage (MV) submodule (SM) to be used in a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HV arbitrary wave shape generator (AWG). The MV SM is scalable with its own onboard auxiliary power supply (APS), and it is constructed by connecting three full-bridge SMs in series from the commercially available component. The designed MV SM can be operated for a wide voltage range of 0.8-2.7 kV to incorporate different test objects ranging from HV insulation material to MV equipment and generate a wide output range of 0.12-1.2 kV. Considering the hardware nonidealities in the APS, gate driver, and switches, the series operation of three SMs is ensured using an arm energy controller. Based on the current-based model of APS, SM capacitance design criteria are updated for variable-frequency output waveform, and the minimum dc-link voltage is calculated for the proper start-up of this scalable MMC module. Apart from the variable voltage per SM, the HV AWG application poses different conditions, such as a low value of SM capacitance value and the HV dc sources with a current rating of a few tens of milliamperes. Hence, this article proposes exclusive design guidelines for the proper start-up, steady-state, and shutdown operation of the MMC-based AWG. In addition, this article dives deeper analytically into the soft start-up algorithm to understand its working principle and to design the average charging current within the limit for any number of SMs of the arm. In the end, their performance is showcased with a single MV SM per arm, operating at a different voltage (0.8-2.7 kV) and frequency levels (1-600 Hz) and generating different wave shapes, such as triangular, sinusoidal with different harmonics, and pulse waveforms. In addition, the fault ride-through capability is verified for the MMC-based HV AWG.","Arbitrary Wave shape Generator; Current transformers; Dielectrics; Hardware; HV Testing; Insulation; Modular Multilevel Converter; Off-the-Shelf Component; Scalable MV Submodule Design; Shape; Testing; Voltage transformers","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","High Voltage Technology Group","","",""
"uuid:4492455f-363b-4251-aaa2-6c2baca0cb8d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4492455f-363b-4251-aaa2-6c2baca0cb8d","ZVS-Optimized Constant and Variable Switching Frequency Modulation Schemes for Dual Active Bridge Converters","Lyu, D. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Straathof, C.A. (TU Delft Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science; est floattech); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; University of Twente); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper proposes two modulation schemes for Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters, with the aim of maximizing Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) operation over a wide operational range. The first is a ZVS-optimized constant frequency modulation scheme, constructed based on the boundary conditions of ZVS operation. This scheme maximizes the number of ZVS events across a broad operational range and is easy to implement. Additionally, a variable frequency modulation scheme is proposed, enabling continuous full ZVS operation for the DAB converter at full power and eliminating the loss of ZVS due to transitioning between modulation regions. This functionality extends the full ZVS range, yielding improved Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) performance and overall power efficiency. The synergy of the proposed modulation schemes is particularly well-suited for applications like off-board Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. Experimental validation, conducted on an 11-kW DAB converter prototype with an output voltage range of 250V to 950V, demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed schemes in achieving ZVS and boosting converter efficiency.","dual active bridge; Electric vehicle charging; EV charging; Modulation; Phase modulation; soft switching; Stress; Switches; Switching frequency; wide voltage range; Zero voltage switching; ZVS","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e0f58ac0-f759-4cfe-9ce0-552b010ef3d7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e0f58ac0-f759-4cfe-9ce0-552b010ef3d7","Load Profile Based Reliability Assessment of IGBT Module in Full-bridge DC/DC Converter for Fast Charging of EVs","Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","EV Fast chargers are crucial to alleviate the driving range anxiety for E-mobility applications. A typical converter load profile consists of a short high-current pulse to rapidly refill the EV battery followed by a cooling-off period once the charging is completed. Power electronic components experience thermal cycles as a result, which can hasten the degradation of such components. In this context, the reliability evaluation of the power electronic converters enabling fast EV charging is of importance. This paper presents the reliability assessment of the IGBT module in EV Fast chargers to show how the load profile of the charger impacts the device’s lifetime.","Reliability; Thermal stress; Lifetime; IGBT","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1f630666-135c-4f51-a5e5-ea515e05eb99","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1f630666-135c-4f51-a5e5-ea515e05eb99","Impact of Shared Electric Vehicles Availability to Provide Peak Reduction through Vehicle-to-Grid. A Case Study","Menendez Agudin, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Jaikumar, Kalpesh (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Slaifstein, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Pool, Jeroen (HET Cooperatie); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper presents a Mix Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization approach to reduce peak demand and maximize revenue in a grid-connected building with a PV-equipped charging station for Shared EVs. The study investigates the impact of EV availability on the effectiveness of the system by comparing the results for different connection times of a fleet of Shared EVs, a private EV used for commuting, and a stationary battery. Results from the case study conducted in The Netherlands demonstrate that not only the duration but also the timing of EV connection significantly influence system effectiveness, emphasizing the need for accurate availability estimation. The trade-off between peak reduction and Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) reduction is also highlighted, underscoring the importance of considering both factors for optimizing charging station usage. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing energy management, reducing peak loads, and increasing the utilization of renewable energy sources in the context of Shared EVs and V2G technology.","Electric Vehicle; Vehicle to Grid; Peak Reduction","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:99904b2c-d551-4682-ae9a-a1c845c3a196","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:99904b2c-d551-4682-ae9a-a1c845c3a196","Critical Short Circuit Ratio of an EV Charging System","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The critical short circuit ratio (CSCR), as an important metric for grid stability evaluation, is not clearly defined in the literature. Aimed at clarifying the misunderstandings, the paper compares the different CSCR definitions. Moreover, CSCR reduction-oriented design is studied for electric vehicle chargers. Simulations verify the analysis.","EV charging; Stability Analysis; Weak Grids; controller design","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fb291f4d-75a2-4f07-8646-f23242ec1892","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fb291f4d-75a2-4f07-8646-f23242ec1892","An Improved Peak Voltage Calculation Method for Compensation Components in S-S and LCC-S Compensated Wireless Power Transfer Systems","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ye, P. (Student TU Delft); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The pursuit of battery charging technology for electric vehicle (EV) has led to extensive research on the inductive-based wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. In this paper, the compensation component (including coils) stresses will be studied in two commonly adopted compensation topologies, namely S-S and LCC-S compensations. Due to the peak voltage calculation inaccuracy for certain components based on conventional fundamental frequency analysis, an improved peak voltage calculation method is introduced in closed form, which is proved to be more accurate by both simulation and experiments.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5261132e-1fba-423e-9df7-12814c88730a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5261132e-1fba-423e-9df7-12814c88730a","Comparative Analysis of Series Connected MOSFETs with Single Switch for ZVS Turn On Converter Topology","Sinha, P. (Student TU Delft); Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Series-connected MOSFETs with lower voltage ratings can be an alternative for single high-voltage switches. This paper compares two switch configurations for the soft-switched power converter topology targeted for a 1400V DC grid. The first configuration is a single switch rated at 1700V whereas the other is a series connected two MOSFETs rated at 900V. A buck converter with 1400V and 700V as input and output voltages respectively is taken as a case study. Triangular current modulation (TCM) ensures zero voltage switching (ZVS) at turn-on for all the switches. The analysis shows that the series-switch configuration can have much lower overall losses than the single-switch configuration.","","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:807fc6b5-2562-4a92-92f7-ece3887e5bd2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:807fc6b5-2562-4a92-92f7-ece3887e5bd2","Virtual Impedance Control for Load Sharing and Bus Voltage Quality Improvement","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper proposes a virtual impedance reshaping strategy to share active and harmonic power while promoting the PCC voltage quality. Moreover, the suggested method is resilient to cyber-attacks and immune to communication interruption and delay. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the communication burden. Experiments verify the effectiveness.","AC-DC microgrid; Cyber attack; Cyber physical system; Decentralized control structure; Voltage Source Converters (VSCs)","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3b9b1648-3168-48ec-8f69-363c91c08039","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3b9b1648-3168-48ec-8f69-363c91c08039","Aging-Aware Battery Operation for Multicarrier Energy Systems","Slaifstein, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Menendez Agudin, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","In the context of building electrification the operation of distributed energy resources integrating multiple energy carriers poses a significant challenge. Such an operation calls for an energy management system that decides the set-points of the primary control layer in the best way possible. This is done by fulfilling user requirements, minimizing costs, and balancing local generation with energy storage. This last component is what enables building flexibility. This paper presents a novel aging-aware strategy for operating grid-connected buildings that combine multiple energy carriers (heat and electricity), storage devices (electric vehicles, batteries, and thermal storage), and power sources (solar photovoltaics, solar collectors). The novel energy management algorithm presented considers the aging of the batteries to enhance the operational differences between storage technologies, thus making explicit the trade-off between the services provided by the hybrid energy storage system and its degradation. This unlocks grid cost reductions between 20–45 % depending on the season when compared to state-of-the-art solutions.","Energy management systems; Battery degradation; Hybrid energy storage; Multicarrier energy systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ef2222d0-38ac-41f7-9c5e-7063ec65e07b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ef2222d0-38ac-41f7-9c5e-7063ec65e07b","Power and Thermal Cycling Testbed for End of Life Assessment of Semiconductor Devices","Molenaar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The reliability of semiconductor power devices can be studied by performing a thermal and power cycling test. In order to create the desired temperature cycles, there are four free variables to select during the power cycling test, namely the heating current, heating time, cooling time, and heatsink temperature. In this paper, the relation between the selected variables and the minimum and maximum junction temperature is extensively tested for the silicon IGBT with serial number IKP06N60T. Furthermore, the thermal model is discussed and verified and a rough estimate of the electrical resistance, thermal time constant, thermal resistance, and thermal capacitance are calculated.","Power cycling test; Reliability; Thermal model; Silicon IGBT; Silicon-Carbide MOSFET; Thermal device characteristics; Lifetime testbed","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b1f822ad-3f40-4a00-a8dd-765ae0dcbb54","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b1f822ad-3f40-4a00-a8dd-765ae0dcbb54","Report on the Dagstuhl Seminar on Frontiers of Information Access Experimentation for Research and Education","Bauer, Christine (Paris Lodron University Salzburg); Carterette, Ben (University of Delaware); Ferro, Nicola (University of Padua); Fuhr, Norbert (Universität Duisburg-Essen); Beel, Joeran (University of Siegen); Breuer, Timo (Technische Hochschule Köln); Clarke, Charles L. A. (University of Waterloo); Dietz, Laura (University of New Hampshire); Urbano, Julián (TU Delft Multimedia Computing)","","2023","This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 23031 ""Frontiers of Information Access Experimentation for Research and Education"", which brought together 38 participants from 12 countries. The seminar addressed technology-enhanced information access (information retrieval, recommender systems, natural language processing) and specifically focused on developing more responsible experimental practices leading to more valid results, both for research as well as for scientific education.The seminar featured a series of long and short talks delivered by participants, who helped in setting a common ground and in letting emerge topics of interest to be explored as the main output of the seminar. This led to the definition of five groups which investigated challenges, opportunities, and next steps in the following areas: reality check, i.e. conducting real-world studies, human-machine-collaborative relevance judgment frameworks, overcoming methodological challenges in information retrieval and recommender systems through awareness and education, results-blind reviewing, and guidance for authors.Date: 15--20 January 2023.Website: https://www.dagstuhl.de/23031.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Multimedia Computing","","",""
"uuid:e2cf8937-a16f-465e-8cdf-4387cb2989ad","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e2cf8937-a16f-465e-8cdf-4387cb2989ad","Three-Phase Medium-Voltage Medium-Frequency Transformer for SST in Green Hydrogen Production","Mirzadarani, R. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Li, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Van Lieshout, Lou (VONK)","","2023","Green hydrogen production uses renewable energies to energise the electrolysers for hydrogen production. The present paper compares possible solutions and configurations of a medium-frequency transformer (MFT) as part of a solid-state transformer (SST) in green hydrogen production applications. The single-phase and three-phase MFTs are compared and it is shown that a Yd three-phase MFT is the optimum choice for applications that require high power delivery and step-down of the voltage. A summary of previous works about MFT is also provided. Three-phase SST based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) is then described and various cases are investigated to obtain the optimum operational frequency. A 25 MVA, 400 Hz, 25.4 kV / 560V oil-immersed MFT design is presented and is shown that the proposed 400 Hz transformer saves 69% of the active parts' weight compared to a conventional line-frequency transformer (LFT).","electrolyzer; solid-state transformer; mediumfrequency transformer","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","High Voltage Technology Group","","",""
"uuid:8f2fe649-1915-4a15-8461-4fd9abc40de2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8f2fe649-1915-4a15-8461-4fd9abc40de2","Implementation of Real-Time Digital Twin of Dual Active Bridge Converter in Electrolyzer Applications","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Lock, Niels (Student TU Delft); Vahedi, H (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Power electronics converters (PEC) play a crucial role in interfacing renewable energy systems and electrolyzers to ensure a high production yield of green hydrogen. The design of such PEC is not straightforward due to the safety hazards of using multiple electrolyzer stacks and converter modules at industrial levels. Therefore, real-time simulations should be conducted to ensure the converter design satisfies all the requirements before deploying it on-site. This paper presents a real-time digital twin (RTDT) of a 10 kW dual-active bridge converter interfaced with an electrolyzer. OPAL-RT simulator (eHS toolbox) is used for RTDT. Finally, the voltage across the series inductance and current flowing through it are presented for the open-loop operation of DAB.","Dual Active Bridge; Electrolyzer; Real-Time Digital Twin","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2a80c5ef-199c-47d4-8b5a-0f6f87aeafe8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2a80c5ef-199c-47d4-8b5a-0f6f87aeafe8","End-of-Life Comparison of Full-Bridge and Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter Switches Used for EV Charging","Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","EV fast chargers are essential in addressing the concern of limited driving range for E-mobility applications. However, the load profile of a converter for fast charging involves a high-current pulse that can last for a few minutes to efficiently replenish the EV battery, which is followed by a cooldown period after the charging process is finished. This results in thermal cycles that can lead to thermo-mechanical fatigue and degradation of power electronic components, thereby impacting device lifetime. This paper presents a comparative study on the reliability of power devices in isolated half-bridge and full-bridge DC-DC converters in EV fast chargers. The study focuses on the differences in thermal stresses that Si switches experience in each converter during charging cycles and how it impacts the end-of-life of each device. This study provides valuable insights for selecting reliable power converters for EV fast charging applications.","EV fast chargers; Thermo-mechanical fatigue; IGBTs’ lifetime","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:409dc633-fc73-4bc4-9535-0e5e8143a2c7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:409dc633-fc73-4bc4-9535-0e5e8143a2c7","A Dynamic Frequency Sweeping Based Parameter Estimation Method for Wireless Power Transfer","Zhu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","It is ideal for the wireless power transfer (WPT) systems to operate at the resonance state for better transmission performance. In practice, however, the parameters of the resonant circuits often deviate because of the capacitance drift and coil misalignment. To this end, this paper proposes a new parameter estimation method for the WPT systems, which is able to facilitate the power flow control and active impedance tuning of the WPT systems under parameter deviations. Distinct from the traditional parameter identification methods, the proposed method is implemented with an short-circuited rectifier, and therefore, the whole estimation process is independent of the load variations. Furthermore, to avoid severe system detuning during the frequency-sweeping process, a dynamic frequency sweeping method is proposed to efficiently and safely extract the data of the primary and secondary coil currents. Based on the extracted data, a mathematical model is established, and the JAYA algorithm is utilized to identify the unknown parameters. Experimental results are presented to verify the estimation accuracy of the proposed method.","wireless power transfer; parameter estimation; the JAYA algorithm","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:af010cb8-9edf-4c7b-a7de-0b4fea7db9e5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:af010cb8-9edf-4c7b-a7de-0b4fea7db9e5","Impact of Electrolyzer on the Operation of a Dual Active Bridge Converter","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vahedi, H (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Electrolysis requires a high DC current at low voltage to produce hydrogen from water. Designing power converters for such a load requirement could be challenging while fulfilling the galvanic isolation needs. Therefore, prior knowledge of the electrolyzer's impact on the converter operation should be needed. In this context, this paper investigates the behavior of the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter when utilized for electrolysis. A MATLAB simulation of DAB with a 10 kW alkaline electrolyzer is developed. Several converter parameters, such as the phase shift angle, series inductance, peak and RMS currents, and voltage gain, are analyzed during electrolysis. Distinct operating behavior is observed from the analysis.","Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter; Electrolyzer; Hydrogen","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c5f30ded-5316-40e7-b754-36b8698c2753","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c5f30ded-5316-40e7-b754-36b8698c2753","DC Link Capacity Enhancement for MMC-based Distribution Link using Dynamic Voltage Operation","van der Sande, Robin (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","When operating a modular multilevel converter (MMC), a margin appears between the arm voltage and sum capacitor voltage corresponding to the power dependent ripple. This margin can be used to enhance the DC link voltage and increase the transfer capacity of an MMC-based distribution link while keeping the submodule (SM) stresses fixed. Consequently, this dynamic enhancement in transfer capacity can be achieved with the same submodule switch and capacitor voltage ratings. Using an arm-level averaged simulation model of a 10MW MMC-based MVDC link, the enhancement concept is verified and shown to be beneficial to a practical link application. Besides, a dependency is discovered between the enhancement limit and the grid-injected reactive power, which defines the basis of the proposed control for dynamic enhanced operation.","Power electronic converter; Distribution link; Modular multilevel converter; Power systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:31475d56-290b-49d3-96d9-cb1d5595dc02","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:31475d56-290b-49d3-96d9-cb1d5595dc02","Quantitative Comparison of the Empirical Lifetime Models for Power Electronic Devices in EV Fast Charging Application","Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The load profile of the power converter in EV Fast charging applications involves a short high-current pulse for rapid charging of the EV battery leading to thermal cycles on the power electronic devices. These thermal cycles can cause thermo-mechanical fatigues, which consume the power devices’ lifetime. Also, different timescales and magnitude of temperature swings lead to various failure modes. This paper compares different empirical lifetime models quantitatively in order to suggest the most appropriate model to predict the end of life of power electronic devices used in EV fast chargers. It is suggested that the selected model takes into account the most relevant failure mechanism based on the different timescales and magnitude of thermal cycles to indicate the lifetime of power electronic device used in a fast charger depending on the number of charging sessions.","EV Fast charging applications; s, thermomechanical fatigues; empirical lifetime model","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5e562776-65df-4284-bdee-818d5e1a881a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5e562776-65df-4284-bdee-818d5e1a881a","Design Guideline for PWM Converter Implementing Periodic VSFPWM: A Comprehensive Analysis on the Harmonics Spectrum","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","With the great emphasis from the international standard-setting community on the so-called supra-harmonics emissions (2-150 kHz), there are increasing research efforts in this noise level identification, measurement, standard setting and mitigation. The periodic variable switching frequency PWM method, which is known as VSFPWM, can reshape the generated output harmonics spectrum of the grid-connected PWM converter, leading to a significantly lower harmonics peaks, thus keeping the harmonics emission strictly below the harmonics emission standards e.g., IEEE519 & IEC-61000 series. This work conducted an insightful analysis on the harmonics spectra generated by the periodic VSFPWM based on newly derived analytical models. Besides, the sinusoidal VSFPWM which is often used in AC/DC PWM converter, is taken as an example of periodic VSFPWM profile to achieve the minimum efforts of AC filtering. Finally, experimental tests are conducted to verify the analysis and the design guideline provided in this paper.","Periodic variable switching frequency PWM; supra-harmonics; AC/DC converter; harmonic spectrum","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9615b9aa-9cf6-4e35-ad42-125756036456","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9615b9aa-9cf6-4e35-ad42-125756036456","Stability Analysis of Triple Active Bridge Converter with Hybrid Loads and Different Control Strategies","Yu, Haoyuan (Aalborg University); Zhang, Hanwen (Aalborg University); Wang, Yanbo (Aalborg University); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Zhe (Aalborg University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This article investigates the stability of triple active bridge (TAB) converter with different types of loads. In this paper, port2 of TAB converter adopts voltage control to supply a constant power load (CPL), and port3 uses voltage control to supply a resistor or uses current control to supply a battery. Then, an extra element theorem-based (EET) modelling method based on the small signal model of the TAB converter is developed to derive the output impedance of different cases. The AC sweeping is implemented to validate the effectiveness of derivation. Furthermore, the impedance-based analysis method is applied to analyze the system stability. The analysis result shows that the instability issue caused by CPL at port2 can be suppressed by reducing the resistance load value at port3 or output current of port3. Simulation and experimental results are given to validate the stability analysis.","triple active bridge converter; extra element theorem; impedance-based analysis method; constant power load","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7ca27a5a-f3fa-4bff-8981-9b2dfb6ce569","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7ca27a5a-f3fa-4bff-8981-9b2dfb6ce569","A Variable-Frequency ZVS Modulation for Four-Switch Buck+Boost Converters with Seamless Step-up/down Mode Transition","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper introduces variable-frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) modulation strategy for the four-switch buck+boost converter with one operating pattern for the inductor current, i.e., three-segment inductor current modulation control. The proposed modulation scheme guarantees a smooth transition from step-up to step-down or from step-down to step-up operating modes without abrupt duty cycle or switching frequency change. Triangular current mode (TCM) ZVS control could be derived from this three-segment inductor current modulation strategy. Moreover, the controller design can be simplified compared with other multi-mode control methods. Experimental results were given to validate the modulation control strategy based on a 300−600 V input, 400 V output, 3.3 kW prototype.","zero voltage switching (ZVS); variable frequency; seamless transition; modulation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4d548f5c-f5c8-4d91-a0cf-b37e9d50f290","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d548f5c-f5c8-4d91-a0cf-b37e9d50f290","The Effect of Non-Coordinated Heating Electrification Alternatives on a Low-Voltage Distribution Network with High PV Penetration","Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The energy transition requires electrical alternatives for domestic heating. Heat pumps are the most common alternatives to gas boilers. However, heat pumps consume a significant amount of electrical power. We simulated an 18-node low voltage network with five buildings with six apartments each to evaluate the effect of deploying heat pumps as part of multi-carrier energy systems at the residential level. We also combined heat pumps with solar collectors and thermal energy storage to quantity whether a more complex system benefits the low-voltage network. Replacing the gas boilers for heat pumps in the majority of the buildings resulted in voltage drops below the limit of the standard EN50160. The voltage drops were significantly improved when we included solar collectors and thermal energy storage in the domestic heating system.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-26","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d75d7963-8265-4b1a-bceb-d28dcb5861d9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d75d7963-8265-4b1a-bceb-d28dcb5861d9","Insight into the Characterization of Sea-Salt Batteries","Kouwerberg, Sang Jae (DCE&S); Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Batteries are one of the main tools to provide the flexibility distribution and transmission systems need due to their increasing dependence on weather conditions. However, environmental and economic factors pose a significant problem. New types of batteries that do not rely on rare earth metals and organic solvents but instead use water and more common ions could be a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to provide energy storage in the future. We studied the performance of sea-salt cells designed as a low-cost, environmentally friendly method to store electricity. We used a constant current charge/discharge test with different currents, from 50 mA to 300 mA, to identify the maximum efficiencies of the cell. Then, we introduced a new strategy to determine the cut-off voltage to discharge the battery, inspired by the maximum power point found in photovoltaics. We used a constant voltage charge to determine the cell’s energy density. However, evidence of side reactions urged us to use constant current charge/discharge tests to identify the battery’s capacity based on the efficiencies drop. Results showed a maximum energy efficiency of 74.6% at 200 mA and a maximum Coulombic efficiency of 88.7% at 300 mA. The cut-off voltage of the cell during discharge should be between 1.4 V and 1.6 V. The energy densities range from 10.1 Wh/kg(6.53 WhL) with an efficiency of 57.5% and 4.18 Wh/kg(2.7 WhL) with an efficiency of 69.8%.","Energy storage; Sea-salt battery; Zn battery","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-26","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f1aa38df-d38e-42f5-bbc7-459a361bc97a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f1aa38df-d38e-42f5-bbc7-459a361bc97a","Broadband microwave detection using electron spins in a hybrid diamond-magnet sensor chip","Carmiggelt, J.J. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bertelli, I. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Mulder, R.W. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Teepe, A. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Elyasi, Mehrdad (Tohoku University); Simon, B.G. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); van der Sar, T. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2023","Quantum sensing has developed into a main branch of quantum science and technology. It aims at measuring physical quantities with high resolution, sensitivity, and dynamic range. Electron spins in diamond are powerful magnetic field sensors, but their sensitivity in the microwave regime is limited to a narrow band around their resonance frequency. Here, we realize broadband microwave detection using spins in diamond interfaced with a thin-film magnet. A pump field locally converts target microwave signals to the sensor-spin frequency via the non-linear spin-wave dynamics of the magnet. Two complementary conversion protocols enable sensing and high-fidelity spin control over a gigahertz bandwidth, allowing characterization of the spin-wave band at multiple gigahertz above the sensor-spin frequency. The pump-tunable, hybrid diamond-magnet sensor chip opens the way for spin-based gigahertz material characterizations at small magnetic bias fields.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/vanderSarlab","","",""
"uuid:72843934-0cc4-477b-9205-84d3316c2ed0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:72843934-0cc4-477b-9205-84d3316c2ed0","A simple method for sizing and estimating the performance of PV systems in trolleybus grids","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Saffirio, Alice (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Solar PV systems have so far been the source of choice for the sustainable supply of urban electric transport networks—like trams and trolleybus grids. However, no consensus exists yet on the placement or sizing of PV systems at the traction substations, and no method is available for easy estimation of the PV system utilization performance. The latter is crucial for understanding the need for storage, grid exchange, or even power curtailment, and has therefore a direct impact on the technical and financial feasibility of the project. This paper looks at 11 Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that are available to trolleybus operators, in two PV case studies on Arnhem (NL) and Gdynia (PL), using verified and validated bus, grid, and PV models. Through one KPI, namely the here-defined Energy Traffic KPI, a strong trend (R2=0.93) is described that can now allow stakeholders a quick estimation of the PV potential using a simple third-degree polynomial instead of resorting to the complex grid, bus, and PV modelling. A simple placement and sizing method is also presented derived from this KPI, in a way as to increase the technical and economical feasibility of an installed PV system. Despite all efforts, stakeholders are still warned of an intrinsic, upper-performance plateau that exists in transport grids, at around 38% direct PV utilization, caused by the unavoidable mismatch between PV generation and vehicle timetables and schedules. Stakeholders are urged to implement more smart grid loads as a base load to increase the feasibility of their investments in renewables, and to transform the transportation systems thereby to multi-functional grids that can assist the main city grid.","DC systems; Electrical transportation; Public transport; PV systems; Regenerative braking; Trolleybus","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5b701759-9a30-4f65-9a67-f920e01dde38","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b701759-9a30-4f65-9a67-f920e01dde38","Design and Implementation of a Reconfigurable Phase Shift Full-Bridge Converter for Wide Voltage Range EV Charging Application","Lyu, D. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago Batista (European Space Agency (ESA)); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This article analyzes, designs, and tests a reconfigurable phase shift full-bridge (r-PSFB) isolated dc/dc converter well suited for a wide voltage operating range. By controlling the auxiliary switches, a series or parallel connection can be realized on the secondary side of the converter. As a result, the r-PSFB converter can operate in an extremely wide voltage range without compromising the system efficiency. In this article, the characteristics of the r-PSFB converter and its design considerations are discussed in detail. An 11-kW r-PSFB converter prototype with 640-840-V input voltage and 250-1000-V output voltage ranges is developed and tested to validate the analysis and efficiency of the designed converter. A comparative study against a conventional PSFB converter is conducted for benchmark purposes to prove the advantages of the studied r-PSFB converter.","Battery charging; electric vehicle (EV) charging; isolated dc/dc converter; reconfiguration; versatile converter; wide voltage range","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-08-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e066ce4a-7fa9-42ec-b2a0-28d1336c57e6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e066ce4a-7fa9-42ec-b2a0-28d1336c57e6","Envisioning the future—Creating sustainable, healthy and resilient BioCities","Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee (Bern University of Applied Sciences); Kopp, Mira (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg); van der Velde, J.R.T. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture); Karaca, Elisabeth (BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Čepić, Slavica (University of Belgrade); Tomićević-Dubljević, Jelena (University of Belgrade); Bauer, Nicole (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research); Petit-Boix, Anna (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg); Brantschen, Evelyn Coleman (Bern University of Applied Sciences)","","2023","Numerous challenges – from population increase to climate change – threaten the sustainable development of cities and call for a fundamental change of urban development and green-blue resource management. Urban forests are vital in this transition, as they provide various ecosystem services and allow to re-shape and re-think cities. Based on a Europe-wide community effort with diverse experts centered around urban forests and urban greening, we propose five key research fields to generate the knowledge required to unlock fundamental changes in urban development and green-blue resource management: circular bioeconomy, climate resilience, governance, social and human environment, and biodiversity. To support the design of greener, cooler, more inclusive and resilient cities, all these research fields require inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration, engaging stakeholders in transforming urban engagement and functioning. We summarise main inter-, trans- and multi-disciplinary research paths for each field and the cross-cutting knowledge areas that can help to address the challenges many cities face (e.g., modelling and assessment of the urban microclimate). For transforming cities further knowledge is needed on e.g., urban innovation, transition, participation, and more. Finally, we address how the identified research gaps can be implemented (e.g., international coordinated research effort, interdisciplinary networks).","BioCities; Forest urbanism; Transformation; Urban planning","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Landscape Architecture","","",""
"uuid:c2e7fd95-6dd7-40b4-bec8-be81da613638","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c2e7fd95-6dd7-40b4-bec8-be81da613638","Development of Reliable Power Electronic Systems using Real Time Digital Twin Based Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Sande, Robin (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Nougain, V. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids); Lekić, A. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2023","Reliable Power Electronic Systems (PES) are vital for enabling energy transition technologies of the future. Power hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) test bed can be used to validate such systems cost-effectively and time-efficiently. In general, the Real Time Digital Twin (RTDT) is a virtual representation of the PES and its operating environment that mimics its behavior in real-time to provide adequate flexibility to the test bed. The workflow of alternating between the prototype and twin, for instance, overcomes the dilemma of needing 100 % details (due to fast dynamics), but optimization during design choices requires cheap flexibility. In this paper, some use cases in applications of RTDT-based PHIL test bed such as fault tolerant converters, power electronic interface for green technologies, survivable all-electric ships, mission profile-based reliability testing, protection of multi terminal dc systems and reconfigurable hybrid ac-dc links is discussed. Furthermore, the co-simulation potential of real-time platforms is briefly described.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-09","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:698056f8-0fbf-4fc5-89ca-c1adb38f4e26","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:698056f8-0fbf-4fc5-89ca-c1adb38f4e26","A Parameter Recognition Based Impedance Tuning Method for SS-Compensated Wireless Power Transfer Systems","Zhu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This article presents a parameter recognition-based impedance tuning method for the impedance mismatch caused by capacitance drift and coil misalignment in series-series-compensated wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. First, a parameter recognition method is proposed to identify the unknown parameters of the resonant circuits by only measuring the rms values of the coil currents. No phase detection circuits and auxiliary measurement coils are required. Furthermore, according to the recognized parameters, the reactance on both sides are minimized simultaneously by regulating the system frequency and the phase shift angles of the active rectifier. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed parameter recognition method adopts a dynamic frequency approaching strategy to avoid severe system detuning due to the bifurcation phenomenon. Moreover, based on the recognized parameters, the proposed impedance tuning method can simultaneously cope with the parameter deviations caused by capacitance drift and coil misalignment on both sides without using extra circuits and switches. Experimental results show that the unknown parameters of the resonant circuits are recognized accurately, with the average relative errors all less than 3%. Additionally, by implementing the impedance tuning method, the dc to dc efficiency of the WPT prototype is improved by 4.3%-15% in the experiments.","Capacitance; capacitance drift; coil misalignment; Impedance; Impedance tuning; Inductance; parameter recognition; Rectifiers; Resonant frequency; RLC circuits; Tuning; wireless power transfer (WPT)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-12","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:35b96fc1-1f61-4cfe-87c0-df1822d36ecf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:35b96fc1-1f61-4cfe-87c0-df1822d36ecf","Voltage/Current Doubler Converter for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Employing Bipolar Pads","Grazian, F. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy; TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy; TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy; TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) typically have a rated voltage of either 400 or 800 V. Especially when considering public parking infrastructures or owners with multiple EVs, e.g., car rental companies, EV wireless chargers must efficiently deliver electric power to both battery options. For this purpose, this article proposes an advanced and compact version of the previously defined voltage/current doubler (V/I-D) converter, here comprising two coupled series-compensated bipolar pads (BPPs). The presented system can efficiently charge EVs with both battery voltage classes at the same power level without affecting the current rating of the converter's circuit components. The control scheme is implemented at the power source side in terms of switching frequency and input voltage, and only passive semiconductor devices are employed on board the EV. The equivalent circuit is analyzed, focusing on the BPPs' undesired cross-coupling and its effect on the power transfer. Methods to compensate for the cross-coupling are proposed regarding the BPP design and operating strategy. At 7.2 kW and aligned BPPs, the dc-to-dc efficiency of 96.34% and 96.53% have been measured at 400 and 800 V, respectively. The proposed method has been experimentally validated at different misalignment profiles while considering battery voltages 300-400 V and 600-800 V, which proves that the V/I -D converter is a universal charging solution for EV batteries.","Battery voltage; bipolar pads (BPPs); compensation networks; cross-coupling; electric vehicles (EVs); inductive power transfer (IPT); wireless charging","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-10-16","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bcccab96-e361-42d0-be63-790d5d02838e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bcccab96-e361-42d0-be63-790d5d02838e","Frequency Regulation Reserves Provision in EV Smart-Charging","Damianakis, Nikolaos (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Smart-Charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is able to provide frequency regulation capacity services to the System Operator (SO) upon an automation generation control (AGC) signal. While the amount of available regulation capacity is of-fered in the Day-Ahead Market (DAM), there is high uncertainty on the actual amount of reserves that will be called in the Real-Time Market (RTM). This work focuses on aiding EV smart-charging to offer a consistent and reasonable amount of regulation capacity, taking into account the impact of potential future instantaneous called regulation reserves while also maintaining simplicity. The work also analyzes the results of different charger types with different characteristics and shows that they play an important role on the regulation provision. Finally, it has been shown that even though the regulation income is inevitably reduced (up to 66%), the Energy Management System (EMS) can still successfully charge the EV s and simultaneously provide regulation reserves with remuneration.","regulation reserves; smart charging; electric vehicles; rolling horizon; ancillary services","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-25","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:54293ba6-dda8-41e9-ae99-d88910bac2ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54293ba6-dda8-41e9-ae99-d88910bac2ae","Increasing the Braking Energy Recuperation in Electric Transportation Grids Without Storage","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","When the braking energy in electric transportation grids is not met by another vehicle's demand, it is either harvested by storage systems or wasted in braking resistors. This paper looks at three methods for increasing the amount of harvested braking energy without the use of expensive storage systems: decreasing the substation voltage, decreasing the catenary/rail resistance, and adding smart grid loads such as EV chargers. Compared to the baseline scenario of a presented case study, the first method allowed the recuperation of all the braking energy yet increased the line transmission losses. The second method presented a better performance in both types of losses (23 %), while the third method offered a 66 % reduction in losses in addition to offering more utilities from the same infrastructure. The final paper will go into further detail with a full-day simulation.","Metro; Regenerative Braking; Storage; Transportation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-25","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:247bffe5-0355-457c-ad6f-1e524dde05c0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:247bffe5-0355-457c-ad6f-1e524dde05c0","Charging Infrastructure and Grid Integration for Electromobility","Rivera, Sebastian (Universidad de los Andes, Chile); Goetz, Stefan M. (University of Cambridge); Kouro, Samir (Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María); Lehn, Peter W. (University of Toronto); Pathmanathan, Mehanathan (University of Toronto); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy; TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Mastromauro, Rosa Anna (University of Florence)","","2023","Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure will play a critical role in decarbonization during the next decades, energizing a large share of the transportation sector. This will further increase the enabling role of power electronics converters as an energy transition technology in the widespread adoption of clean energy sources and their efficient use. However, this deep transformation comes with challenges, some of which are already unfolding, such as the slow deployment of charging infrastructure and competing charging standards, and others that will have a long-term impact if not addressed timely, such as the reliability of power converters and power system stability due to loss of system inertia, just to name a few. Nevertheless, the inherent transition toward power systems with higher penetration of power electronics and batteries, together with a layer of communications and information technologies, will also bring opportunities for more flexible and intelligent grid integration and services, which could increase the share of renewable energy in the power grid. This work provides an overview of the existing charging infrastructure ecosystem, covering the different charging technologies for different EV classes, their structure, and configurations, including how they can impact the grid in the future.","Batteries; Charging infrastructure; Charging stations; Costs; electric mobility; Electric vehicle charging; electric vehicles (EVs); EV charging; grid integration; Power electronics; Standards; Voltage control; weak-grid chargers","en","journal article","","","","","","Invited paper","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1dec8c36-09b5-4c4e-bedd-a245b0209453","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1dec8c36-09b5-4c4e-bedd-a245b0209453","Soft magnons in anisotropic ferromagnets","Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Tang, P. (Tohoku University); Elyasi, M. (Tohoku University); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Van Wees, B. J. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)","","2023","We discuss spin-wave transport in anisotropic ferromagnets with an emphasis on the zeros of the band edges as a function of a magnetic field. An associated divergence of the magnon spin should be observable by enhanced magnon conductivities in nonlocal configurations, especially in two-dimensional ferromagnets.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:e1f10850-ea28-42a6-8997-8ba4e5c14b52","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e1f10850-ea28-42a6-8997-8ba4e5c14b52","Ultrafast Time Dynamics of Plasmonic Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum","Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Davis, Timothy J. (University of Stuttgart; Universität Duisburg-Essen; University of Melbourne); Frank, Bettina (University of Stuttgart); Dreher, Pascal (Universität Duisburg-Essen); Janoschka, David (Universität Duisburg-Essen); Meiler, Tim C. (University of Stuttgart); Meyer zu Heringdorf, Frank J. (Universität Duisburg-Essen); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Giessen, Harald (University of Stuttgart)","","2023","The creation and manipulation of optical vortices, both in free space and in two-dimensional systems such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), has attracted widespread attention in nano-optics due to their robust topological structure. Coupled with strong spatial confinement in the case of SPPs, these plasmonic vortices and their underlying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have promise in novel light-matter interactions on the nanoscale with applications ranging from on-chip particle manipulation to tailored control of plasmonic quasiparticles. Until now, predominantly integer OAM values have been investigated. Here, we measure and analyze the time evolution of fractional OAM SPPs using time-resolved two-photon photoemission electron microscopy and near-field optical microscopy. We experimentally show the field’s complex rotational dynamics and observe the beating of integer OAM eigenmodes at fractional OAM excitations. With our ability to access the ultrafast time dynamics of the electric field, we can follow the buildup of the plasmonic fractional OAM during the interference of the converging surface plasmons. By adiabatically increasing the phase discontinuity at the excitation boundary, we track the total OAM, leading to plateaus around integer OAM values that arise from the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic OAM.","fractional orbital angular momentum; near-field scanning optical microscopy; photoemission electron microscopy; plasmonic angular momentum; time-dynamics of 2D vortices","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:4cd6ff5b-e0e7-4643-aa88-a6e92bfb07e8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4cd6ff5b-e0e7-4643-aa88-a6e92bfb07e8","An Adaptive Battery Charging Method for the Electrification of Diesel or CNG Buses as In-Motion-Charging Trolleybuses","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Eggermont, Rik (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The decarbonization of urban bus fleets can be made by their electrification as in-motion-charging (IMC) buses which can run as trolleybuses or in battery mode. The benefit is that IMC buses can use the existing trolleygrid infrastructure where their route overlaps with it to charge the battery and operate in battery mode outside of it. Presently, the IMC battery charging power is set conservatively to the minimum of all the spare capacities of the traction substations (SSs) found along the bus route. This can render most electrification projects techno/economically infeasible as not enough energy is picked up for the battery-mode operation and long charging times at bus terminals are required. This article proposes then an adaptive charging approach that uses the locally available spare capacity under any traction SS, taking into account the limitations of the maximum SS power and the minimum line voltage. The method is proven here both theoretically and in a case study over one full year of operation of four electrified diesel/compressed natural gas (CNG) bus lines in Arnhem, The Netherlands, using comprehensive and verified trolleybus and trolleygrid models. The proposed adaptive charging method, as opposed to the present conservative method (here, Regular Charging), is shown to make one bus electrification project completely feasible and reduce the extra terminal charging time for the other lines by up to 64%.","Batteries; Substations; Voltage; Urban areas; Transportation; Rectifiers; Random access memory","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-13","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:82cbd020-151d-4ffd-9941-83a3af251ccd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:82cbd020-151d-4ffd-9941-83a3af251ccd","Methods for increasing the potential of integration of EV chargers into the DC catenary of electric transport grids: A trolleygrid case study","van der Horst, Koen (Student TU Delft); Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The traction substations of urban electric transport grids are oversized and underutilized in terms of their capacity. While their over-sizing is an unfortunate waste, their under-utilization creates the major hurdle for the integration of renewables into these grids due to the lack of a base load. Therefore, integrating smart grid loads such as EV chargers is not only an opportunity but a necessity for the sustainable transport grid of the future. This paper examines six methods for increasing the potential of EV chargers in three case studies of a trolleygrid, namely a higher substation no-load voltage, a higher substation power capacity, a smart charging method, adding a third overheard parallel line, adding a bilateral connection, and installing a multi-port converter between two substations. From the case studies, the most promising and cost-effective method seems to be introducing a bilateral connection, bringing a charging capacity for up to 175 electric cars per day. Meanwhile, other costly and complex methods, such as smart charging with grid state sensors and communication, can offer charging room for over 200 electric cars per day. Furthermore, using solar PV systems to power the grid showed a more than doubling of the directly utilized energy by installing a 150kW charger, from 19% to 41%. This reduces the power mismatch between the trolleygrid and the PV system from 81% to 59% and thereby reduces the severe economic need for storage, AC grid power exchange, or PV power curtailment while allowing a high penetration of renewables.","DC grids; EV chargers; PV system; Transportation; Trolleygrids","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8d8df0b7-e0b7-4e0b-8e52-4a158257978c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d8df0b7-e0b7-4e0b-8e52-4a158257978c","Assessing the grid impact of Electric Vehicles, Heat Pumps & PV generation in Dutch LV distribution grids","Damianakis, Nikolaos (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Low Carbon Technologies (LCTs), such as Photovoltaics (PVs), Electric Vehicles (EVs), and Heat Pumps (HPs), are expected to cause a huge electric load in future distribution grids. This paper investigates the grid impact in terms of over-loading and nodal voltage deviations in different distribution grids due to increasing LCT penetrations. The major objectives are the identification of the most severe LCT, grid impact issue, seasonal effect, and vulnerable distributional area, considering the physical models of the LCTs. It is concluded that Winter is the most hazardous for the future grid impact, characterized by nearly 3 times higher over-loading and 2.5 times higher voltage deviations during high HP penetrations, while suburban areas are the most vulnerable. Moreover, while HPs seem to have, in general, a greater impact compared to EVs, EVs cause more prolonged violations. While this work follows a bottom-up approach, using detailed physical models, aggregated national data has also been acquired, which is often used by top-down approaches. Different grid impact issues have been compared for the two approaches in terms of magnitude and duration. While bottom-up approaches generate more pessimistic results regarding the magnitude of the violations, results about the duration of the violations can be contradictory.","Distribution grids; EVs; Grid impact; Heat pumps; LCT; PVs","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e5431373-7f01-4029-a467-d27e69ace94f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e5431373-7f01-4029-a467-d27e69ace94f","Risk-averse Estimation of Electric Heat Pump Power Consumption","Damianakis, Nikolaos (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","An important aspect of the energy transition is the expected grid impact due to the abrupt increase of distributed electric generation and electric load demand. A part of this impact is going to be inflicted by the electrification of heating with heat pumps (HPs). Therefore, it is essential that the future power consumption of electric heating is estimated. This work develops a power estimation model without the use of heating demand data, needing only weather data and building heat pump specifications. Moreover, it is characterized as a risk-averse estimation since it uses no optimal control and utilizes the heat pump output capacity curves giving simultaneous priority to the customers' thermal comfort. Finally, it also estimates the power savings of electric heating due to future buildings' new insulation and energy label norms, revealing their importance.","air-sourced heat pumps; COP; floor-heating; insulation; power consumption","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bc5e7392-f924-4740-aa86-3c10dfd50c7e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bc5e7392-f924-4740-aa86-3c10dfd50c7e","C++ Based Systems Engineering Framework as a Key Approach Towards Efficient, Reliable, and Autonomous Flying Wind Turbine Products","Bauer, Florian (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Drexler, Christoph (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Frirdich, André (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Isensee, Maximilian (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Campagnolo, Filippo (Technical University of Munich); Kennel, Ralph (Technical University of Munich)","","2022","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:7a73ffd9-8010-4445-9559-f7a67b60a2cf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7a73ffd9-8010-4445-9559-f7a67b60a2cf","Kitekraft: Building Flying Wind Turbines","Bauer, Florian (kiteKRAFT GmbH); Isensee, Maximilian (kiteKRAFT GmbH); Frirdich, André (kiteKRAFT GmbH); Drexler, Christoph (kiteKRAFT GmbH)","","2022","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:d7144c4b-741e-49cd-a3e9-2f7f78d80725","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d7144c4b-741e-49cd-a3e9-2f7f78d80725","Design of a Highly Efficient 20 kW Inductive Power Transfer System with Improved Misalignment Performance","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Riekerk, C. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Due to the urgent desire for a fast, convenient, and efficient battery charging technology for electric vehicle (EV) users, extensive research has been conducted into the design of high-power inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. However, there are few studies that formulate the design as a multiobjective optimization (MOO) research question considering both the aligned and misaligned performances and validate the optimal results in a full-scale prototype. This article presents a comprehensive MOO design guideline for highly efficient IPT systems and demonstrates it by a highly efficient 20-kW IPT system with the dc-dc efficiency of 97.2% at the aligned condition and 94.1% at 150-mm lateral misalignment. This achievement is a leading power conversion efficiency metric compared to IPT EV charging systems disseminated in today's literature. Herein, a general analytical method is proposed to compare the performances of different compensation circuits in terms of the maximum efficiency, voltage/current stresses, and misalignment tolerance. An MOO method is proposed to find the optimal design of the charging pads, taking the aligned/misaligned efficiency and area/gravimetric power density as the objectives. Finally, a prototype is built according to the MOO results. The charging pad dimension and total weight, including the housing material, are 516∗552∗60 mm3/25 kg for the transmitter and 514∗562∗60 mm3/21 kg for the receiver. Correspondingly, the gravimetric, volumetric, and area power density are 0.435 kW/kg, 581 kW/m3, and 69.1 kW/m2, respectively. The measured efficiency agrees with the anticipated value derived from the given analytical models.","Capacitors; Couplings; DC-DC efficiency; Density measurement; high power; indutive power transfer; Magnetomechanical effects; misalignment tolerance; multi-objective optimization; Power system measurements; Stress; Windings","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f383ef06-68e6-4f0c-98fa-60425d41358b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f383ef06-68e6-4f0c-98fa-60425d41358b","A Hybrid Modulation Featuring Two-phase Clamped Discontinuous PWM and Zero Voltage Switching for 99% Efficient DC-Type EV Charger","Xu, J. (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, Yong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Two-stage AC-DC converters are considered as a prominent solution for DC-type electric vehicle (EV) chargers. However, this kind of architecture suffers from high switching losses with large heatsink and DC-link capacitor volume. To relieve this issue, this paper presents a new hybrid modulation for DC-type EV chargers, where a two-phase clamped discontinuous pulse-width-modulation (DPWM) in the front-end circuit is cooperated with the variable frequency triangular-current mode (TCM) zero voltage switching (ZVS) or its simplified implementation, i.e., boundary-ZVS (B-ZVS) strategy, in the back-end circuit. The former can stop the switching actions in the front-end stage during two-thirds of the grid period, while the AC currents are at their highest values, which can yield to the best switching loss reduction and deliver high power factor operation. Besides, TCM-ZVS or B-ZVS modulations can achieve ZVS turn-on action for all semiconductors during all operating range in the DC-DC stage to further reduce the power losses on the semiconductors. With such characteristics, the proposed strategies can reduce the switching losses of the system to the best extent, and thus allow an enhancement of the system power density by improving the power conversion efficiency. The proposed strategy is described, analyzed, validated, and benchmarked in a 5kW SMD SiC MOSFET-based two-stage AC-DC converter. A 99% power efficiency can be achieved with the solution implementing the TCM-ZVS strategy at an output voltage of 400V and rated power.","Electric vehicle (EV); two-stage AC-DC converter; discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM); , zero voltage switching (ZVS)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f71a50c4-661d-427c-aef3-81d51a50d2ec","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f71a50c4-661d-427c-aef3-81d51a50d2ec","A Comprehensive Review on the Characteristics and Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery Aging","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Battery aging is one of the critical problems to be tackled in battery research, as it limits the power and energy capacity during the battery's life. Therefore, optimizing the design of battery systems requires a good understanding of aging behavior. Due to their simplicity, empirical and semiempirical models (EMs) are frequently used in smart charging studies, feasibility studies, and cost analyses studies, among other uses. Unfortunately, these models are prone to significant estimation errors without appropriate knowledge of their inherent limitations and the interdependence between stress factors. This article presents a review of empirical and semiempirical modeling techniques and aging studies, focusing on the trends observed between different studies and highlighting the limitations and challenges of the various models. First, we summarize the main aging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. Next, empirical modeling techniques are reviewed, followed by the current challenges and future trends, and a conclusion. Our results indicate that the effect of stress factors is easily oversimplified, and their correlations are often not taken into account. The provided knowledge in this article can be used to evaluate the limitations of aging models and improve their accuracy for various applications.","Lithium; battery; degradation; ageing; modelling","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e7a546cf-2aa4-4ba2-ad1d-c4c239bc0fa2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e7a546cf-2aa4-4ba2-ad1d-c4c239bc0fa2","Continuous Reduced-Order Dynamic Model Based on Energy Balancing for Inductive Power Transfer Systems","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Deng, Junjun (Beijing Institute of Technology); Riekerk, C. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Resonant circuits are commonly used in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for the charging of electric vehicles because of the high power efficiency. Transient behaviors of the resonant circuits, which play a significant role in the design and analysis of IPT systems, are cumbersome to model analytically because of the high-order. This article develops a reduced-order continuous dynamic model based on the energy interactions among the resonant tanks. By applying the proposed energy balancing method (EBM), the order of the dynamic model is reduced to half of the number of the passive components in the resonant circuits. To show the accuracy of the EBM, the dynamics of a series-series (SS) compensated IPT system are modeled using Laplace phasor transformation (LPT) and EBM separately and the results are compared. The order of the EBM is found to be one-fourth of that of the LPT method. The sensitivity of the EBM to the switching frequency is discussed when the zero voltage switching turn-on operation is attained. Besides, to prove the advantage of reducing the order of the dynamic model, model predictive controls (MPCs) based on EBM and LPT are developed. The transient performances of the MPC controllers are simulated and the control inputs are applied to an experimental setup. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed EBM under zero and nonzero conditions and the effectiveness of the developed MPC controller.","inductive power transfer; electric vehicles; reduced-order dynamic model; resonant circuits; model predictive control","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-09-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:099dfc1a-0f2c-448a-9465-f37ef3112a2b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:099dfc1a-0f2c-448a-9465-f37ef3112a2b","Optimal Periodic Variable Switching PWM for Harmonic Performance Enhancement in Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converters","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Xu, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Variable switching frequency PWM (VSFPWM) modulation can be advantageously implemented in industrial applications, such as renewable energy, motor drives, and uninterrupted power supply (UPS) systems, to reduce the injected current harmonic amplitudes, to suppress audible noise, and to improve semiconductor power efficiency. In this article, the usage of periodic VSFPWM methods in a voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed, analyzed, and benchmarked in terms of harmonic spectrum spreading, following the IEEE-519 current harmonic standard for the connection to the distribution grid. Particular attention is paid to the influence of VSFPWM on the ac filter design. First, the analytical model of the voltage harmonic spectrum generated by a three-phase three-wire two-level VSC implementing several periodic VSFPWM methods is derived. Subsequently, a design guideline for the commonly used LCL filter in the grid-tied VSC application is proposed, which minimizes the size requirement of the necessary components. The voltage spectrum models of the proposed VSFPWM method and the optimal switching profiles are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulations and a 5-kW three-phase two-level VSC hardware demonstrator. The study shows that the ac filter power density for the studied VSFPWM methods can be greatly increased when compared with the conventional and widely employed constant switching frequency continuous PWM strategies.","filter design; optimal design; spectrum model; Variable switching frequency PWM (VSF-PWM)","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6463eadd-f857-4292-97a8-a80b0df8d4e9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6463eadd-f857-4292-97a8-a80b0df8d4e9","Hybrid Si/SiC Switch Modulation with Minimum SiC MOSFET Conduction in Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Tan, Changyu (Student TU Delft); Xu, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2022","In this article, a hybrid Si/Si carbide (SiC) switch (HyS) modulation with minimum SiC MOSFET conduction (mcHyS) is experimentally characterized, so as to derive its conduction and switching performance. These are later used to derive a silicon (Si) area analytical model for the HyS configuration. The chip area model is used to benchmark the mcHyS modulation concepts against single-technology switches and typical HyS modulation when considering the implementation of a 100-kW two-level voltage-source converter (VSC) deployed for three industrial applications: photovoltaic inverter, electric vehicle fast-charging station, and battery storage systems for grid ancillary service. The two additional switching events of the SiC MOSFET, which differentiate the mcHyS modulation from the typical HyS one, are proven to happen in soft switching; therefore, the mcHyS switching performances are not penalized. Furthermore, the analysis presented shows how the studied mcHyS modulation performs against the single semiconductor technology and the typical HyS solution in terms of cost and power conversion efficiency. More specifically, it is shown that the HyS solutions are particularly competitive versus the full Si-based VSCs when the application at hand often operates at low partial loads. Finally, a 10-kW two-level VSC assembled with mcHyS is tested, so as to compare its efficiency versus single-technology switches.","Double-pulse test (DPT); grid-connected voltage-source converter (VSC); grid connected; SiC MOSFET","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:840584d7-634c-4bb6-9efd-49e8ca635e11","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:840584d7-634c-4bb6-9efd-49e8ca635e11","Optimal Sizing and Control of a PV-EV-BES Charging System Including Primary Frequency Control and Component Degradation","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper proposes a method for optimally dimensioning the components of a prosumer energy management system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, multiple bidirectional electric vehicle chargers, an inverter, and a battery energy storage charger. Besides optimally dimensioning the components, it also optimizes power management while integrating the frequency containment reserve market and Li-ion battery degradation. The results show that the integration of the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market can increase lifetime cost savings by 36%, compared to optimal power management alone and up to 460% compared to non-optimal power management. Furthermore, the effects of PV and battery energy storage (BES) degradation on reservable capacity are analyzed including the importance of battery second-life value on lifetime net present cost is investigated.","Battery degradation; frequency control; optimal sizing; optimal power control; photovoltaic; second-life batteries","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5e4a73cc-36b2-4be2-95f1-bd912fc81ccc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5e4a73cc-36b2-4be2-95f1-bd912fc81ccc","A Comprehensive Review on Off-Grid and Hybrid Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles","Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In recent years, the research interest in off-grid (standalone mode) and hybrid (capable of both standalone and grid-connected modes) charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) has increased. The main reason is to provide a seamless charging infrastructure in urban and rural areas where the electrical grid is unreliable or unavailable so that EV adoption can be increased worldwide. In this regard, this article reviews the state-of-the-art architectures of the off-grid and hybrid charging systems and investigates their various subsystems, such as single or multiple energy sources, power electronics converters, energy storage systems, and energy management strategies. These subsystems should be optimally integrated and operated to achieve low-cost and efficient EV charging. Moreover, each subsystem is explored in detail to find the current status and technology trends. Furthermore, EV charging connectors, their power level, and standards for all kinds of EVs (ranging from one-wheeler to four-wheelers) are reviewed, and suggestions are discussed related to the non-standardization of charging plugs. Finally, conclusions show the continuous efforts of the researchers in improving the systems in various aspects, such as cost reduction, performance improvement, longevity, negative environmental effect, system size minimization, and efficient operation, and highlight challenges for both charging systems.","Biomass; EV charging; off-grid; grid-connected; solar; and wind","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5c604031-8ca3-405b-a697-0f389710a688","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5c604031-8ca3-405b-a697-0f389710a688","A Complete DC Trolleybus Grid Model With Bilateral Connections, Feeder Cables, and Bus Auxiliaries","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Saffirio, Alice (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Tomar, Abhishek Singh (HAN University of Applied Sciences); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper offers a complete and verified model of DC trolleybus grids and examines the effect of the common modelling assumptions made in literature by using simulations, as well as bus and substation measurements from the grid of Arnhem, the Netherlands. An equivalent model for the overhead line impedance is offered taking into account the single line impedance, the supply and return lines, and the parallel connections between them. A case study shows that the feeder cables from the substations to the sections can be ignored, but only for certain substation power and feeder-line length ranges. On the other hand, the often-neglected regenerative braking, bus auxiliaries load, bilateral connections, and the exact nominal substation voltage are found to be crucial for the correct modelling of a trolleybus grid.","DC power systems; electrical transportation; public transport; regenerative braking; trolleybus","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8c50773a-503a-432d-8622-b255e7bca23c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8c50773a-503a-432d-8622-b255e7bca23c","Guidelines for Stability Analysis of the DDSRF-PLL Using LTI and LTP Modelling in the Presence of Imbalance","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In this article, the Linear Time Invariant (LTI) and Linear Time Periodic (LTP) models of two different implementations of the DDSRF-PLL in the presence of voltage imbalance are derived analytically. The accuracy of the models is investigated with time domain simulations, frequency scans, and stability analysis. On top of this, a guideline for properly choosing between LTI and LTP models for stability assessment of the DDSRF-PLL according to the degree of grid voltage imbalance is proposed. Furthermore, it is revealed that, depending on the DDSRF-PLL implementation, the positive-sequence voltage might also cause LTP dynamics, rendering the LTI model inaccurate even when the imbalance is low.","DDSRF-PLL; Linear Time Periodic; LVRT; small-signal stability; unbalanced system; voltage imbalance","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4d78313f-452a-4986-9ea0-9f19517e4cfe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d78313f-452a-4986-9ea0-9f19517e4cfe","A Carrier-based Two-Phase-Clamped DPWM Strategy With Zero-Sequence Voltage Injection for Three-Phase Quasi-Two-Stage Buck-Type Rectifiers","Xu, J. (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Wang, Y. (TU Delft Statistics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","A three-phase buck-type rectifier features a step-down ac-dc conversion function, which is considered as a prominent solution for electric vehicle chargers and telecommunication systems integrated to the grid above 380 V line to line. However, traditional solutions for those applications employ cascaded architectures with an ac-dc boost-type stage and a dc-dc buck-type stage, which may suffer from high switching losses and large dc-link capacitor volume. To relieve this issue, a straightforward carrier-based two-phase-clamped discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) strategy with generalized zero-sequence voltage injection is proposed in this article for the commonly employed cascaded circuit. This method can stop the switching actions in the front-end stage during two-third of the grid period, which can yield to the best switching loss reduction. The operations of the front- and back-end converter stages become highly coupled to each other, which reduces the size requirement of the capacitor in the dc link. Therefore, the equivalent circuit behaves as a quasi-two-stage buck-type rectifier allowing an enhancement of the system power density by improving power conversion efficiency and by reducing the volume of passive components and heat sink. The proposed carrier-based two-phase-clamped DPWM strategy is described, analyzed, validated, and compared with different pulsewidth modulation methods on PLECS-based simulation and a 5-kW prototype.","buck-type rectifier; Capacitors; Carrier-based; discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM); Phase modulation; Pulse width modulation; Switches; Switching loss; Voltage; Voltage control; zero-sequence voltage injection","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:504d90d4-cc16-40b7-8507-ab8a1b44f3f6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:504d90d4-cc16-40b7-8507-ab8a1b44f3f6","A Multi-Objective Design Approach for PV-Battery Assisted Fast Charging Stations Based on Real Data","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper presents a multi-objective approach to designing an optimal PV-BES assisted EV fast charging station. The trade-offs between lifetime net present value (NPV), energy independence, and grid power reduction are analyzed using particle swarm optimization and real 50kW fast charging data. Our results show a maximum lifetime profit of close to 4M euro. Furthermore, for only a 8% decrease in profit the we can achieve up to 62% of the maximum energy independence and 46% peak power demand reduction. This show that EV fast charging stations can become more significantly more sustainable and have a less fluctuating demand, for very little reduction in profits.","component; formatting; style; styling; insert","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-01-07","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f6c0a18b-1fd3-4a05-906e-aa68c18a757b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f6c0a18b-1fd3-4a05-906e-aa68c18a757b","Battery Storage Integration in EV Fast Charging Station for Increasing its Revenues and Reducing the Grid Impact","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2022","This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are benchmarked in investment, operating costs, and grid connection requirements. The addition of a battery storage system is also evaluated to reduce the operating cost and, therefore, boost the system’s economic parameters, such as the net present value, and increase the grid independence.The analysis shows that the addition of the battery system can be effective in both performance metrics, the reduction of the grid connection, which can be reduced up to 80% by the addition of a large size battery, and the increase of the net present value, which can be even doubled with respect to the case when the battery storage system is not installed.","Battery energy storage system; electric vehicle station design; multi objective optimization; net present value","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-01-07","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:de0203a0-3266-48cc-8440-fc89f1d7c8ee","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:de0203a0-3266-48cc-8440-fc89f1d7c8ee","An Overview on Medium Voltage Grid Integration of Ultra-fast Charging Stations: Current Status and Future Trends","Ahmad, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wijekoon, Thiwanka (Huawei’s Nuremberg Research Center); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","The emphasis on clean and green technologies to curtail greenhouse gas emissions due to fossil fuel-based economies has originated the shift towards electric mobility. As on-road electric vehicles (EVs) have shown exponential growth over the last decade, so have the charging demands. The provision of charging facilities from the low-voltage network will not only increase the distribution system's complexity and dynamics but will also challenge its operational capabilities, and large-scale upgrades will be required to meet the inevitably increasing charging demands. An ultra-fast (UF) charging infrastructure that replicates the gasoline refueling network is urgently needed to facilitate a seamless transition to EVs and ensure smooth operation. This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art DC fast chargers, the charging infrastructure's current status, motivation, and challenges for medium-voltage (MV) UF charging stations (UFCS). Furthermore, we consider the possible UFCS architectures and suitable power electronics topologies for UF charging applications. To address the peak formation issues in the daily load profile and high operational expenses of UFCSs, integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems due to their technological and economic benefits is being considered. The benefits of line frequency transformer (LFT) replacement with a solid-state transformer (SST), SST models, SST-based UF chargers, and MV SST-based UFCS architectures, as well as related MV active front-end and back-end power electronics topologies, are presented. Finally, the application of microgrids' hierarchical control architecture is considered for chargers and system-level control and management of UFCSs.","Electric vehicles (EVs); DC fast chargers; ultra-fast charging stations (UFCS); renewable energy sources (RESs); energy storage systems (ESSs); line frequency transformer (LFT); solid state transformer (SST)","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b039f5c8-9397-4357-adcc-1fd2b7862401","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b039f5c8-9397-4357-adcc-1fd2b7862401","Increasing the Integration Potential of EV Chargers in DC Trolleygrids: A Bilateral Substation-Voltage Tuning Approach","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Light rail networks such as trolleybus grids have the potential to become multi-functional smart grids by using the excess capacity of the grid to implement PV systems, EV chargers, and storage. This paper offers a solution to increasing the potential for integration of EV chargers in the trolleygrid, without additional infrastructure costs, by simply tuning the nominal (no-load) voltages of bilaterally connected substations. This method shifts the load share between the two substations, creating more room for the integration of other utilities in a desired zone of the bus route. A mathematical derivation is presented, followed by a verifying case study using detailed and verified bus and trolleygrid simulation models for the city of Arnhem, the Netherlands. It is shown that by setting a substation nominal voltage from +10V compared to its bilateral substation to -10V, the substation can take, on average, as much as 7.5 percentage points less of the load share (from 45.9% to 38.4%) and see as much as 5 percentage points more of complete zero-load time (84.3% to 89.2%).","","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-06","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:49ac9248-8cee-4bb2-908e-03e06edfe238","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:49ac9248-8cee-4bb2-908e-03e06edfe238","Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch in Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets While Peak Shaving an EV Fast Charging Station","Argiolas, Luca (Student TU Delft); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Battery Energy Storage Systems typically procure their primary revenues from regulated energy and ancillary services markets; nonetheless, they have great potential in supporting distribution network operators and their users. This paper evaluates the potential business case of battery storage systems integrating market application and services to a photovoltaic assisted electric vehicle fast-charging station. A mathematical deterministic optimization problem is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming to combine battery storage system operation in the day-ahead and frequency regulation market and the remunerated services offered to the charging station. The technical and economic feasibility of the solution and the applicability of the proposed framework is verified through a case study reflecting an existing photovoltaic assisted charging station in the Netherlands and considering the Dutch energy market framework and prices. The study shows that such battery storage system implementation is economically and technically advantageous for the players involved. The battery storage system can stack additional revenues on top of the market revenues. The charging station benefits from a reduced peak power and a 30% tariff reduction, and the system operator would indirectly benefit from the shaved charging station profile. Furthermore, the analysis shows that providing services to the charging station from the battery storage system does not significantly impact its market-related revenues.","Battery energy storage system; day ahead market; distribution network; electric vehicle; fast charging station; financial analysis; mixed integer linear programming; primary frequency regulation","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a5742973-0be3-4aa0-b9b0-29a40a73cca7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5742973-0be3-4aa0-b9b0-29a40a73cca7","Design Trade-Offs Between the Coupled Coils’ Inductance and the Series-Series Compensation Capacitance for EV Wireless Charging Systems","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Nowadays, inductive power transfer (IPT) with magnetic resonance is the most used method for high-power wireless battery charging applications. Once the topology of the compensation network and the operating frequency are selected, there are infinite combinations of the circuit equivalent inductance and compensation capacitance values resonating at that frequency. Choosing an appropriate ratio between these passive devices is essential to meet the target output power while ensuring that the required DC input and output voltages are found within the permitted range limited by the power source and the battery load. This paper proposes design trade-offs for selecting the optimum ratio between the inductance and capacitance in IPT systems with series-series compensation applicable to any power level. First, the target mutual inductance must be computed. Based on that, the coupled coils are designed depending on the physical constraints. An example is provided considering a 3.7 kW wireless charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) where different coils’ combinations are analyzed through the finite element method. The most suitable design is implemented, achieving or the application a relatively high measured peak DC-to-DC efficiency of about 96.24% at 3.28kW while the coils are aligned with 11cm distance. The required power is delivered at different battery voltages and coils’ alignments by regulating the DC input voltage.","Electric vehicles; inductive power transfer; series-series compensation network; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b990d1db-c8ee-45b4-af4c-7ce35cec5978","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b990d1db-c8ee-45b4-af4c-7ce35cec5978","Coils’ Current Distortion Due to Variable Series Compensation Capacitance in EV Wireless Charging for a Constant Optimum Load","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","When considering EV wireless charging that uses inductive power transfer with magnetic resonance, the coils’ current distortion must be minimized to guarantee compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility limits on the radiated magnetic field set by the relevant industrial standards. This paper analyzes the current distortion caused by switch-controlled capacitors (SCCs) used as series compensation to achieve constant optimum load (COL) matching at different coils’ alignments. First, the proposed COL charging method is explained where the SCCs have either the half-wave or the full-wave modulation. Their impact on the measured coils’ current distortion has been analyzed up to 30MHz by computing the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Additionally, the currents’ FFT from the half-wave modulation has been compared to those resulting from the conventional series-series compensation with fixed capacitance. The SCCs using the half-wave modulation result in the highest total-lumped distortion. However, the individual amplitudes corresponding to the critical frequencies of the radiated magnetic field’s limit from SAE J2954 are comparable or lower than those resulting from the other implementations. Finally, the radiated magnetic field resulting from each strategy has been evaluated using the finite element method. All results are well within the SAE J2954 recommended limits at 10 m. Moreover, a minimum distance of 25 cm from the outer sides of the coupled coils ensures a safe exposure to both the general public and implanted medical devices according to the ICNIRP reference levels.","Current distortion; electric vehicles; fast Fourier transform; switch-control capacitance; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-17","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:0fb9de75-2308-4732-b12e-daf816f044ea","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fb9de75-2308-4732-b12e-daf816f044ea","Optimal Sizing of a Community Level Thermal Energy Storage System","Geraedts, M. (Student TU Delft); Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Fifth-generation energy networks are combined networks of heat and electricity, that have the ability to generate, distribute, store and share energy between consumers. Knowledge on the dynamic behaviour of the physical phenomena related to energy generation, distribution and storage provides insight into the performance of the system as a whole. A mixed-integer linear algorithm is proposed, implementing a partitioned clustering program for subsequent classification of typical demand, grouping specific days with similar demand profiles together. From this arrangement, the optimal network configuration can be determined using an objective function, minimizing the economic and environmental impact. To validate the optimization results, a simulation of the network was built, which mimics its physical dynamic behaviour, and through which the distribution and storage capabilities of the network can be assessed. Advanced advice on fifth-generation energy networks is presented that can be applied to early-stage network design, reducing costs and emissions, along with data on the implementation of renewable energy technologies and their performance. Additionally, this research provides the foundation for numerical modelling of such energy networks which contributes to future research.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:25471cab-7d6b-4617-9a84-c82cc4040427","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:25471cab-7d6b-4617-9a84-c82cc4040427","Battery Storage System as Power Unbalance Redistributor in Distribution Grids Based on Three Legs Four Wire Voltage Source Converter","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Iyer, A.K. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2022","This article discusses the application of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as power redistributors in three-phase distribution grids as an add-on functionality to typical BESS applications, such as congestion management and energy arbitrage. Combining those ancillary services into a single power unit is not yet performed in practice but may constitute an emerging business opportunity to increase the BESS revenues. The unbalanced operation of the BESS voltage source converter (VSC) leads to the circulation of low-frequency current harmonics in the dc-link through the capacitors and the battery cells. Therefore, it is particularly interesting whether relatively large 50- and 100-Hz currents can safely circulate within these components. Analytical modeling and design guidelines for the dc-link of a three-leg four-wire two-level VSC operating under unbalanced loads are detailed. Furthermore, a low-power VSC prototype is used to demonstrate the working principle of the BESS, providing power unbalance redistribution and symmetric power exchange. Additionally, the ICR18650-26F Lithium-ion cells are cycled to reach end-of-life with different current profiles and C-ratings. The analysis shows that charging with a 100 Hz ripple superimposed to the dc current leads to a 10% increment in degradation.","Battery energy storage system; distribution grid; power redistributor; unbalanced load; voltage source converters","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:14eb3f94-774d-464d-8918-ef9bede24655","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14eb3f94-774d-464d-8918-ef9bede24655","How does an organism extract relevant information from transcription factor concentrations?","Bauer, M.S. (TU Delft BN/Bionanoscience; Princeton University)","","2022","How does an organism regulate its genes? The involved regulation typically occurs in terms of a signal processing chain: an externally applied stimulus or a maternally supplied transcription factor leads to the expression of some downstream genes, which, in turn, are transcription factors for further genes. Especially during development, these transcription factors are frequently expressed in amounts where noise is still important; yet, the signals that they provide must not be lost in the noise. Thus, the organism needs to extract exactly relevant information in the signal. New experimental approaches involving single-molecule measurements at high temporal precision as well as increased precision in manipulations directly on the genome are allowing us to tackle this question anew. These new experimental advances mean that also from the theoretical side, theoretical advances should be possible. In this review, I will describe, specifically on the example of fly embryo gene regulation, how theoretical approaches, especially from inference and information theory, can help in understanding gene regulation. To do so, I will first review some more traditional theoretical models for gene regulation, followed by a brief discussion of information-theoretical approaches and when they can be applied. I will then introduce early fly development as an exemplary system where such information-theoretical approaches have traditionally been applied and can be applied; I will specifically focus on how one such method, namely the information bottleneck approach, has recently been used to infer structural features of enhancer architecture.","biological models; biophysics; gene expression and regulation","en","review","","","","","","","","","","BN/Bionanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:5a8b8819-e376-4971-a3a6-c312a301aadf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a8b8819-e376-4971-a3a6-c312a301aadf","Revisiting the Partial Power Processing Concept: Case Study of a 5-kW 99.11% Efficient Flyback Converter-Based Battery Charger","Granello, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This article proposes an analytical methodology to evaluate the performance of the main partial power processing (PPP) architectures in terms of the improvements in the system's conversion efficiency. This analysis considers the influence of the system's voltage gain, the auxiliary dc/dc converter's efficiency, and the possibility of bidirectional power flow. Herein, the key PPP architectures are, thus, modeled and benchmarked. The presented results attest to the series configuration as the most efficient PPP circuit solution, with no limits on the system voltage gain, contrary to the generalized results found in today's literature. To assess these results and the significance of the proposed analysis, a well-known, simple, and cost-effective flyback topology has been designed and tested for a series PPP circuit solution able to effectively interface a 5-kW battery energy storage system (BESS) to a 700-V dc grid. A relatively high power conversion efficiency and compact hardware are achieved due to the reduced size requirements on the input and output filtering stages. Above all, while explaining the PPP concept, this study shows that even converter circuits known for their low power efficiency can be used to derive highly efficient systems. A design approach is, thus, provided to facilitate the design of the presented PPP circuit, and measurements are, finally, carried out to compare the obtained results with the expected ones derived from the developed analytical models.","Battery charger; battery energy storage system (BESS); dc-dc power conversion; flyback converter; partial power processing (PPP)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dc20f897-9a4d-45c2-843e-256ec17849d0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc20f897-9a4d-45c2-843e-256ec17849d0","Design of Multi-Mode Linear Electric Machine for Charging and Propulsion of Vacuum Tube Train","Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Becetti, Belkassem (Philips); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper investigates a high speed vacuum tube train system relying on wheels for suspension and a multi-mode linear electric machine for charging and propulsion: the machine will be configured as a doubly fed induction machine for charging at stationary, and as a permanent magnet synchronous machine for acceleration and deceleration. The system configuration is first presented, then a linear doubly fed induction machine which can be used for charging at stations is designed and optimized based on genetic algorithm. The design is also validated by finite element modelling. Afterwards, a 1275 km long journey between Damman and Jeddah through Riyadh in Saudi Arabia is selected to demonstrate the application of the presented system.","Linear doubly fed induction machine; high speed railway system; vacuum tube train","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-13","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8576ecef-2e12-44c4-93d2-2819cd82d188","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8576ecef-2e12-44c4-93d2-2819cd82d188","Machine learning-enabled high-entropy alloy discovery","Rao, Ziyuan (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung); Tung, Po Yen (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung; University of Cambridge); Xie, Ruiwen (Technische Universität Darmstadt); Wei, Ye (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung); Ferrari, A. (TU Delft Team Marcel Sluiter); Klaver, T.P.C. (TU Delft Team Marcel Sluiter); Körmann, F.H.W. (TU Delft Team Marcel Sluiter; Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung); Li, Zhiming (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung; Central South University China); Bauer, Stefan (KTH Royal Institute of Technology); Raabe, Dierk (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)","","2022","High-entropy alloys are solid solutions of multiple principal elements that are capable of reaching composition and property regimes inaccessible for dilute materials. Discovering those with valuable properties, however, too often relies on serendipity, because thermodynamic alloy design rules alone often fail in high-dimensional composition spaces. We propose an active learning strategy to accelerate the design of high-entropy Invar alloys in a practically infinite compositional space based on very sparse data. Our approach works as a closed-loop, integrating machine learning with density-functional theory, thermodynamic calculations, and experiments. After processing and characterizing 17 new alloys out of millions of possible compositions, we identified two high-entropy Invar alloys with extremely low thermal expansion coefficients around 2 × 10-6 per degree kelvin at 300 kelvin. We believe this to be a suitable pathway for the fast and automated discovery of high-entropy alloys with optimal thermal, magnetic, and electrical properties.","","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-06","","","Team Marcel Sluiter","","",""
"uuid:8e8af21f-6ea9-40a4-b621-ca1a71f82a8f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8e8af21f-6ea9-40a4-b621-ca1a71f82a8f","Comparison of Pulse Current Capability of Different Switches for Modular Multilevel Converter-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator used for Dielectric Testing of High Voltage Grid Assets","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soundararajan, Ajeeth Phrassanna (Student TU Delft); Soeiro, Thiago B. (European Space Agency (ESA)); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; KEMA Laboratories); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This article compares the pulse current capability of various Semiconductor (SM) device technologies for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based High Voltage (HV) Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) for dielectric testing of grid assets to find the most suitable SM device technology which can perform well in generating lightning impulse that demands a high peak current for a relatively short time. For the typical HV loads of the AWG, Lightning Impulse (LI) test may require a pulse current to rise to 1.7 kA in 0.2 µs. It is essential to highlight that most other dielectric tests performed with an HV AWG demand a relatively low current such as less than 10 A. Therefore, TO-packaged semiconductors would be well-suited for a large number of tests other than short impulses. To optimize the size and cost of the HV AWG, this paper evaluates the pulse current capabilities of TO-packaged semiconductors for the above-mentioned current requirement to generate LI waveform. The first comparison is made among Non-Punch Through (NPT) Si IGBT, Field Stop (FS) Si IGBT, Si MOSFET, and SiC MOSFETs with roughly the same current rating of 40 A. It is found that the Si MOSFET gives the fastest rise time of 0.42 µs and the NPT IGBT gives the highest current amplification factor of almost 12 times greater than its own rated current. However, 3rd Generation SiC MOSFET combines Si MOSFET and NPT IGBT capabilities to generate a fast rise time and high peak pulse current. Additionally, the FS IGBT is compared with the SiC MOSFET. The SiC MOSFET performs better in peak current capability and the obtained rise time. All in all, the research results and the stringent HV AWG requirements for LI show that the application requires a relatively complex switch implementation with far superior current capability than in normal operation. Therefore, a parallel connection of several TO-packaged devices is necessary to generate LI from MMC-based HV AWG.","Pulse Current Capability; Si and SiC Device Technologies; Modular Multilevel Converter; Dielectric Testing of Grid Assets","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2bd55523-2133-475c-9304-56ccabcace4d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2bd55523-2133-475c-9304-56ccabcace4d","Comparison of Two and Three-Level AC-DC Rectifier Semiconductor Losses with SiC MOSFETs Considering Reverse Conduction","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper presents the semiconductor losses analytical equations in closed form for two-level voltage source converter, three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) and three-level T-Type PFC topologies in high power applications. The reverse parallel current conduction between the SiC MOSFETs channel and body diode is considered. A circuit simulation model is built in PLECS to estimate the semiconductor losses and to verify the accuracy of the developed analytical model. A calculation example of the semiconductor losses of a 200 kW three-phase rectifier is shown.","Silicon carbide; Computational modeling; «AC-DC converter»; «Analytical losses computation»; «Conduction losses»; «Silicon Carbide (SiC)>>; «Shunt current»","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-17","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:70ba17dd-4780-432c-88a6-83cc1077c793","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:70ba17dd-4780-432c-88a6-83cc1077c793","A Series Resonant Balancing Converter for Bipolar DC Grids on Ships","Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Balancing converters are an integral part of a bipolar dc grid. In this paper, we propose a balancing converter based on a series resonant converter topology. The converter operates in the capacitive region with phase shift between the upper and lower H-bridges. The converter operation is analyzed and verified with LTSpice simulation. A prototype is developed to verify the operation.","Resonant converter; DC-DC; Bi-directional converters; Bipolar DC","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ca8ae92d-9d12-4355-bbd6-8046da928ee0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ca8ae92d-9d12-4355-bbd6-8046da928ee0","12-pulse Rectifier with DC-Side Buck Converter for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging","Lan, Dun (Student TU Delft); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago Batista (European Space Agency (ESA)); Granello, P. (Sapienza University of Rome); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper presents the study of a 100kW electric vehicle (EV) fast charger based on a 12-pulse rectifier cascaded with two buck-type DC-DC converters. The proposed circuit operates with a triangular current shaping method which considerably improves the current harmonics performance of the system. The studied circuit is particularly suited for high power battery charging, being relatively simple to operate, requiring a low active semiconductor count (only two active switches), and because it employs circuit technologies well-established in the high power market. Above all, this EV fast charger meets the requirements of isolation, high efficiency, high output voltage and good power quality (low THD and unity power factor). This paper describes in detail the analytical modeling of the studied circuit, including the current harmonic input filter design which meets the grid standard requirement, and the loss modeling of the semiconductors and passive elements. The modeling and simulation results of the proposed 100 kW system are presented and analyzed.","12-pulse converter; EV fast charging; Harmonic reduction; Triangular current shaping","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:586b417c-112a-4176-b36e-1bbe5b4da23d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:586b417c-112a-4176-b36e-1bbe5b4da23d","Harmonic Emission Modelling of Electric Vehicle Chargers","Liang, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In emerging fast-charging stations, DC fast chargers (DCFCs) are employed which rely on power electronics and control to achieve the required performance. Harmonic emission induced by the complex system behavior is of great concern in the DCFC system. This paper proposes a harmonic emission model for the typical electric vehicle charger design, i.e., two-level active front end. The technique is based on the Fourier series method and the impedance model which is able to reveal the harmonic current emission of DCFCs under different grid conditions. Time-domain simulations are presented subsequently to validate the proposed model.","DC fast charger; Fourier series; harmonics; impedance model","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:50fd2dd4-8d76-4793-b7be-0c546b7aaa70","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:50fd2dd4-8d76-4793-b7be-0c546b7aaa70","Cases of Soft Switching in a Series Resonant Balancing Converter for Bipolar DC Grids","Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Balancing converters are an integral part of a bipolar dc grid. Resonant converter topologies are interesting for power electronics engineers due to their soft switching capabilities. A series resonant converter topology is promising as a balancing converter in a bipolar dc grid. The series resonant converter is usually a non-inverting topology. However, in the balancing converter application, the converter is used as an inverting type, like a buck-boost converter topology. In this paper, the soft switching capabilities of this converter are shown and analyzed for four distinct converter modulation schemes.","balancing converter; bipolar dc; power electronics","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cc57336e-c994-49a9-a570-f8ed87b37592","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cc57336e-c994-49a9-a570-f8ed87b37592","A New Input-Parallel-Output-Series Three-Phase Hybrid Rectifier for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Chargers","Qiang, Rui (Student TU Delft); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago Batista (European Space Agency (ESA)); Granello, P. (Sapienza University of Rome); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper proposes a solution to the circuit topology of heavy-duty electric vehicle (HDEV) chargers. In light of the original hybrid rectifier, a new unidirectional Input-Parallel-Output-Series (IPOS) three-phase hybrid rectifier is proposed and analyzed. The IPOS topology is advantageous at ultra-high power rating to interface the next-generation HDEV batteries which require a high and wide output voltage range of 800~1500 V with available 600/1200V commercial semiconductors. Moreover, the proposed topology is efficient, cost-effective, and scalable with the grid input current harmonic components in compliance with the IEEE-519 standard. The benefits of the IPOS topology are supported by circuit derivation, control strategy, analytical modelling, simulation, and experimental verification.","AC-DC converter; fast charging; hybrid rectifier; partial power processing; power factor correction","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8b0924d8-fcad-48c5-b578-b1c47fa11bf9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b0924d8-fcad-48c5-b578-b1c47fa11bf9","A Review of the Key Technical and Non-Technical Challenges for Sustainable Transportation Electrification: A Case for Urban Catenary Buses","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","The transport sector has been increasing rather than decreasing its CO2 emissions, and its sustainable electrification faces a number of technical and non-technical challenges. This paper investigates these challenges, namely those of the grid load demand modelling, renewables integration, the present infrastructure limitations, and the policy/non-technical challenges. In synthesis, the suggested vision for the future sustainable urban bus network is presented as a catenary grid running In-Motion-Charging trolleybuses, with integrated PV, EV chargers, and stationary storage systems. The future grid must involve external players such as the DSO/TSO and research/academic institutions, with a dedicated coordination body, from pre-tendering all the way to daily operations.","Electric Mobility; Renewable Energy; Storage; Sustainable; Transportation","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bd84cc7a-b0bc-4590-8d50-3639db49f263","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bd84cc7a-b0bc-4590-8d50-3639db49f263","An Adaptive Cyber Security Scheme for AC Microgrids","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Distributed secondary control is deemed necessary to restore the state of AC micro-grids to set points. However, for its limited global information, the power electronic system is vulnerable to cyber-attacks that aim to desynchronize converters or even cause a shutdown of micro-grids by unnecessarily triggering the protection schemes. To this end, an adaptive communication weight update for the secondary control layer is proposed. It guarantees frequency synchronization and active power sharing despite the presence of these attacks. Moreover, it automatically dispatches optimal communication lines when all its neighboring data are corrupted to different levels. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed resilient control method is demonstrated using simulations.","AC micro-grid; adaptive control; cyber-attack; distributed control","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e72df6c0-b61a-460b-af77-86822adaa574","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e72df6c0-b61a-460b-af77-86822adaa574","Detection of cyber attack in smart grid: A Comparative Study","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Smart grid steady control relies heavily on the communication infrastructure among sensors, actuators, and control systems, which makes it vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Accurate acquisition of dynamic state information is deemed vital for efficient detection of these cyber-attacks on a smart grid. However, several popular state estimation methods at the present stage are restricted in practical use and require some assumptions. In this paper, we investigate the security of smart grid systems. We (1) identify and define the security problem in the smart grid, (2) compare the performance of several state estimate methods including Least Square, Kalman filter, Extend Kalman filter, in identifying smart grid dynamic information using measurements, and (3) investigate the Chi-square detector, Euclidean Distance, and Cosine similarity matching approaches for attack detection.","Cyber attack detection; Kalman filter; smart grid; State estimate","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:19ffd4d8-b65b-474d-901b-db7feb38ff0b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19ffd4d8-b65b-474d-901b-db7feb38ff0b","Assessing the Role of Energy Storage in Multiple Energy Carriers toward Providing Ancillary Services: A Review","Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Renewable energy power plants and transport and heating electrification projects are being deployed to enable the replacement of fossil fuels as the primary energy source. This transition encourages distributed generation but makes the grid more weather-dependent, thus reducing its inertia. Simultaneously, electrical network operators face voltage, frequency, and stability challenges at the distribution level. Networks were not designed to manage the stochasticity of renewable energy sources or the congestion caused by the new transport and heating demands. Such challenges are commonly addressed through infrastructure reinforcements. This review studies how energy storage systems with different carriers can provide a collaborative solution involving prosumers as ancillary services providers at the distribution level. We focused on the European urban context; thus, we analyzed renewable energy sources, batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen fuel cells, thermal energy storage, and electric vehicles. A thorough review of successful implementations proved that including storage in one or more carriers benefits the distribution system operators and the prosumers, from both technical and economic perspectives. We propose a correlation between individual energy storage technologies and the ancillary services they can provide based on their responses to specific grid requirements. Therefore, distribution system operators can address network issues together with the prosumers. Nevertheless, attractive regulatory frameworks and business models are required to motivate prosumers to use their assets to support the grid. Further work is recommended to describe the joint operation of multiple storage technologies as multicarrier systems, focusing on the coupling of electrical and thermal energy storage. Additionally, how ancillary services affect the energy storage system’s aging should be studied.","ancillary services; battery energy storage; flexibility; multicarrier energy storage systems; thermal energy storage systems","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:56b20516-b45d-4ebc-842d-f7f1f5690be3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:56b20516-b45d-4ebc-842d-f7f1f5690be3","Inductive Power Transfer based on Variable Compensation Capacitance to Achieve an EV Charging Profile with Constant Optimum Load","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Wireless charging must be highly efficient throughout the entire battery charging profile to compete in the electric vehicle (EV) industry. Thus, optimum load matching is commonly used: it operates at the equivalent load that maximizes the efficiency, which depends on the coil's alignment. In this article, the optimum load is made independent of the coils' position by changing the system's resonant frequency through switch-controlled capacitors (SCCs). This eliminates the need for load-side voltage control. The output current follows the battery voltage rise during the battery charging cycle to always match the optimum load, which can be achieved by regulating the input voltage via the power factor correction (PFC) converter. This method is called here constant optimum load (COL). Two SCC topologies have been implemented in a 3.7-kW hardware demonstrator. The one implementing the half-wave modulation achieves higher efficiency than the one employing full-wave modulation, with 96.30% at 3.2 kW and aligned coils. When misalignment occurs, the half-wave modulation technique results in higher efficiency than the conventional-fixed compensation, where the efficiency is lower by up to 0.68% at partial load. Based on these results, the proposed COL method is proven suitable for 3.7-kW EV-static wireless charging achieving one of the highest peak efficiencies listed in today's literature for the same power class.","Batteries; Coils; Compensation networks; control; Couplings; Inductive charging; inductive power transfer; Magnetic resonance; magnetic resonant coupling; optimum load matching; Power electronics; soft-switching; switch-controlled capacitors; Voltage control; wireless charging; zero voltage switching","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e6b6efd9-f4bf-46bc-b8ab-06ca714a9386","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e6b6efd9-f4bf-46bc-b8ab-06ca714a9386","A Mode-Switching Based Phase Shift Control for Optimized Efficiency and Wide ZVS Operations in Wireless Power Transfer Systems","Zhu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; University of Twente); Xu, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This article proposes a mode-switching-based phase shift control (MS-PSC) for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, which is able to achieve power regulation, load matching, and wide ZVS operations simultaneously without using additional dc-dc converters. Based on the mode transitions between the full-bridge, mixed-bridge, and half-bridge modes of both the inverter and the rectifier, the MS-PSC method guarantees a wide-range ZVS with minimized circulation of reactive power. Therefore, the system efficiency is improved over a wider power range compared to the conventional triple-phase-shift (TPS) control and the existing hybrid modulation control. The principles of different operating modes are analyzed. Then, the implementation of the proposed MS-PSC method and the mode selection strategy are presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MS-PSC method is validated in a WPT prototype. Experimental results show that the proposed MS-PSC method can achieve a high overall efficiency in a wide power range. Compared with the conventional TPS control, the MS-PSC method further optimizes the efficiency in 10%-63% of the rated power, with efficiency improvements ranging from 1.5% to 6%. As a result, the system efficiency remains at 93.5%-96.1% in the power range of 1-10 kW, with the transformer coupling coefficient k = 0.19.","Control systems; DC-DC power converters; Inverters; Load matching; mode switching; power regulation; Rectifiers; Regulation; Voltage control; wireless power transfer (WPT); zero -voltage-switching (ZVS); Zero voltage switching","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-26","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:51aa1b7a-dad7-4616-ab5b-3e4fee05fafb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:51aa1b7a-dad7-4616-ab5b-3e4fee05fafb","Three-Mode Variable-Frequency ZVS Modulation for Four-Switch Buck+Boost Converters With Ultra-high Efficiency","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; University of Twente); Zhu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yao, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This article introduces a three-mode variable-frequency zero-voltage switching (ZVS) modulation method for the four-switch buck+boost converter. This method makes this circuit concept well suited for applications, such as wireless power charging of electric vehicles, where this circuit operates as a power buffer between the resonant converter and the battery with the function to implement the required charging profile. Herein, the buck+boost converter operation is subdivided into three operating regions according to the converter static voltage gain, i.e., buck-, buck-boost- and boost-type modes. A ZVS turn-on triangular current mode (TCM) control is adopted for buck-type and boost-type modes. In the buck-boost-type mode when the input-to-output voltage gain is close to unit, all the possible modulation cases are studied thoroughly based on the phase shift of the two half bridges in a full switching period. The selection of the most suitable modulation scheme is performed to minimize the rms value of the inductor current while taking into account the simplification of the practical implementation. Closed-form equations are derived, which makes it easy to implement in practice. The proposed strategy is described, analyzed, and finally verified through a 3 kW surface mounted device (SMD) silicon carbide (SiC) mosfet-based laboratory prototype with designed input voltage of 300-600 V and the typical output voltage of 400 V class battery. The efficiency from the measured results is remarkably high, i.e., between 99.2% and 99.6% in a power range from 1 to 3 kW. Finally, tests for the operating mode transitions demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed modulation method. The power density of this converter is 4.86 kW/L.","DC-DC power converters; Inductors; modeling; modulation; Modulation; phase shift; Prototypes; Silicon; Silicon carbide; Switches; variable frequency; Zero voltage switching; zero voltage switching (ZVS)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-26","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4e64e552-8af5-415a-b990-129d823c9e53","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4e64e552-8af5-415a-b990-129d823c9e53","Review on Power Quality Issues in EV Charging","Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing a crucial role in achieving the carbon neutral goal. To make the charging experience comparable with the refueling of the gasoline cars, more and more chargers are installed and connected to the grid. Meanwhile, the charging power is going up. As a result, more and more power quality issues associated with EV charging events have already been reported. In this paper, the power quality issues that are relevant to EV charging, including flicker, harmonics, and supraharmonics, are summarized. Their generation mechanisms, harm to the grid, and the promising mitigation measures are discussed. Case studies are also done to mimic the power quality issues in EV charging, and verify the analysis.","Power Quality; EV Cahrging; Harmonics; voltage fluctuations; Power electronic converter","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8c778d76-deab-41e2-b0da-806fcb692083","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8c778d76-deab-41e2-b0da-806fcb692083","ZVS Turn-on integrated Triangular Current Mode Three-phase PFC for EV On-board Chargers","Sun, Jian (Student TU Delft); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (European Space Agency (ESA)); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","An efficient, compact and lightweight three-phase AC-DC power factor correction (PFC) converter becomes a necessity for electric vehicles (EVs) On-board chargers (OBCs) in conventional grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging methods. The commercially available OBCs have very limited power density despite the moderate efficiency under specific power levels. In this paper, the integrated triangular current mode (iTCM) control is implemented to improve the power density (kW/L) and specific power (kW/kg) of the three-phase PFC converter stage while maintaining high efficiency. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on is realized in the iTCM control with a higher switching frequency to reduce the LCL filter size without sacrificing efficiency. By adding an LC branch between the bridge leg and mid-point of the DC link, the high-frequency and low-frequency currents are split to minimize the inductor loss and to derive a better inductor design. Analytical modeling and simulation in PLECS are conducted to verify the idea of iTCM. The capacitor-current feedback active damping method is implemented to prevent instability from the LC and LCL filters. The design of an 11kW three-phase AC-DC PFC converter, including the input LCL filter, achieves an efficiency of 98.81%, a power density of 12.46 kW/L and a specific power per weight of 1.87 kW/kg. The proposed three-phase iTCM control is benchmarked in a 3 kW SiC MOSFET-based AC-DC converter.","On-board chargers; power factor correction; integrated triangular current mode; zero voltage switching","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3c5d4ac6-66b1-4a7b-8aab-5a782da5e209","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3c5d4ac6-66b1-4a7b-8aab-5a782da5e209","Assessing the Demand Response Potential of Heat Pumps in All-Electric Buildings Equipped with PV, EV (V2G) and BES to Minimize Energy Costs","Gaona, David (Student TU Delft); Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","An integrated energy system consisted of PV panels, EV (electric vehicle), BES (battery energy storage), and a HP (heat pump) coupled with thermal storage tanks (TES) has been studied. The research aimed to minimize the total energy costs by scheduling the optimal power consumption of each device as response to two external signals as part of a demand response program. One of the signals corresponded to a selling electricity price tariff or feed-in tariff (FIT) to account for the ability of the system to sell energy towards the grid. On the other hand, the second signal corresponded to the buying electricity price tariff to account for the system's energy consumption from the grid. This control scheme allowed to determine the optimal energy consumption of the HP and its flexibility potential to shift its load towards times of low electricity prices. It was concluded that the proposed integrated system will produce a 50 % total energy cost reduction while the operation of the HP for one week in winter will reduce the gas consumption in 53 m3 in a traditional Dutch house.","Demand response program; heat pump (HP); thermal energy storage (TES); energy systems optimization; integrated energy systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9060e406-494b-4db6-b589-d82e2fcca689","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9060e406-494b-4db6-b589-d82e2fcca689","Adaptive Modularity for Power Electronics Based Electrolysis Systems for Green Hydrogen","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Electrolysis holds tremendous potential in reducing the carbon footprint and providing energy dense fuels such as methane. Such systems can be integrated with renewable energy systems with the aid of power electronics interfaces. However, this integration is not straight-forward and imposes various converter design challenges. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art electrolyzer systems, and a simple model of an alkaline regenerative stack with four degrees of freedom. To gain insights with regards to limitations/trade-offs, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on this model. Based on these insights, the challenges associated with power electronics converter design for this application have been discussed along with the trade-offs associated with the electrolyser system. Furthermore, the concept of adaptive modularity for efficiency and reliability improvement has been discussed.","Power electronics; electrolysis; modelling; sensitivity analysis; modularity and reconfigurability in power electronic systems; isolated converter topologies; green hydrogen","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fe88eac0-df11-462e-819c-66f8740b694d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fe88eac0-df11-462e-819c-66f8740b694d","Interoperability of the Voltage/Current Doubler Converter Employing Bipolar Pads with the SAE J2954 VA WPT2/Z2 for EV Wireless Charging","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper investigates the interoperability of the proposed voltage/current doubler (V/I-D) converter used for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs), which achieves high efficiency when charging both 400V and 800V batteries at the same power. Nominally, the V/I-D converter employs bipolar pads (BPP) at both the primary and the secondary circuits. In this study, the functionality of the converter is assessed when the primary BPP is coupled with a standard secondary coil, here being the VA test station WPT2/Z2 from SAE J2954. First, the intended operation of the V/I- D converter is explained. After that, the equivalent circuit of the BPP primary coupled with the standardized secondary coil is modeled analytically. The operation based on the misalignment is discussed. Then, the interoperability is verified through experimental results for the entire constant current charging mode for a rated output power of 7.2kW. Even though the functionality of the V/I-D converter is not optimal during the interoperability, the measured DC-to-DC power transfer efficiency in the considered operating range reaches the maximum at 95.22%, while the minimum is 92.86%.","Battery voltage; bipolar pads; compensation networks; cross-coupling; electric vehicles; inductive power transfer; interoperability; rectangular coils; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b147fb17-fa37-41a5-937d-ad75da95fa65","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b147fb17-fa37-41a5-937d-ad75da95fa65","Reconfigurability, Modularity and Redundancy Trade-offs for Grid Connected Power Electronic Systems","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Power electronic converters (PECs) are workhorses of emerging distribution networks. PEC interfaced grids can function as flexible power corridors facilitating compact and efficient energy exchange between distribution generation, load and storage elements. Introducing adequate Reconfigurability, Modularity, and Redundancy (RMR) in such PEC-driven hybrid ac-dc distribution networks can enhance power delivery, thus enabling infrastructure savings. In this paper, an approach for implementing adequate RMR is introduced that can be applied at both converter- and system-level; therefore, the system's reliability can be improved. Furthermore, in this discussion, the impact of integrating renewable energy sources, charging stations and storage systems with the grids is considered with regard to the methodologies of applying RMR to improve the reliability. Potential applications include various power electronics converters, parallel ac-dc links, embedded PEC energy routers, dc hubs, and multi-parallel converter systems capable of regulating power flows between different nodes in the grid with fault-tolerant topologies.","Reliability; Redundancy; Modularity; Reconfigurablity; Failure rate","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3a5912c4-e980-442f-b8c0-4b1387dccca1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3a5912c4-e980-442f-b8c0-4b1387dccca1","Impact of the Various Components Consideration on Choosing Optimal Redundancy Strategy in MMC","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Power electronics converters will play a crucial role in power grid expansion. Superior advantages offered by MMC make it the most popular candidate amongst various converter topologies. However, due to a large number of components installed within MMC, reliability analysis is an unavoidable task that needs to be carried out to maximize the MMC's availability and positively affect the overall performance of the power system. To this end, applying redundancy at the converter level is one of the solutions to increase the reliability of the MMC. In this paper, the reliability of the MMC is evaluated during its useful lifetime according to various applied redundancy strategies. At the same time, it is proposed that optimal-decision making in redundancy strategy depends on the failure rate of which components are considered. It will be presented that the superiority of the applied redundancy can vary.","MMC; Reliability; Redundancy; Failure rate","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:527c9699-7a81-4915-a8ce-83dd6248854f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:527c9699-7a81-4915-a8ce-83dd6248854f","Comparative Impact of Three Practical Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling Schemes on Low Voltage Distribution Grids","Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper benchmarks the performance of three practical electric vehicle (EV) charging scheduling methods relative to uncontrolled charging (UNC) in low-voltage (LV) distribution grids. The charging methods compared are the voltage droop method (VDM), price-signal-based method (PSM) and average rate method (ARM). Trade-offs associated with the grid performance, charging demand fulfilment and economic benefits are explored for three different grid types and four increasing levels of EV penetration for summer and winter. This study was carried out using grid simulations of six existing Dutch distribution grids, and the EV charging demand was generated based on 1.5 M EV charging sessions; therefore, the findings of this research are relevant for actual case studies. The results suggest that the PSM can be a preferred strategy for achieving a charging cost reduction of 6–11% when the grid performance is not a bottleneck for the given EV penetration. However, it can lead to an increased peak loading of the grid under certain operational conditions, resulting in a charging energy deficiency ratio of 4–8%. The VDM should be preferred if user information on the parking time and energy demand is not consistently available, and if the mitigation of grid congestion is critical. However, both unfinished charging events and charging costs increase with the VDM. The ARM provides the best balance in the trade-offs associated with the mitigation of grid congestion and price reduction, as well as charging completion. This research provides a perception of how to select the most appropriate practical charging strategy based on the given system requirements. The outcome of this study can also serve as a benchmark for advanced smart charging algorithm evaluation in the future.","low-voltage distribution grid; grid congestion; EV charging solutions","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:28c6c6ff-e9f1-459e-bf3e-a5eac0a5c4df","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:28c6c6ff-e9f1-459e-bf3e-a5eac0a5c4df","Restructuring the existing medium voltage distribution grids using DC systems","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","","","en","book chapter","Institution of Engineering and Technology","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a03ab1c9-bc1f-4a62-b1d2-20783b4d60d4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a03ab1c9-bc1f-4a62-b1d2-20783b4d60d4","An online data driven fault diagnosis and thermal runaway early warning for electric vehicle batteries","Sun, S.Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; Beijing Institute of Technology); Wang, Zhenpo (Beijing Institute of Technology); Liu, Peng (Beijing Institute of Technology); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Yong; Han, Yang (The University of Manchester); Wang, Peng (Zhejiang Geely Automobile Research Institute Co); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Battery fault diagnosis is crucial for stable, reliable, and safe operation of electric vehicles, especially the thermal runaway early warning. Developing methods for early failure detection and reducing safety risks from failing high energy lithium-ion batteries has become a major challenge for industry. In this article, a real-time early fault diagnosis scheme for lithium-ion batteries is proposed. By applying both the discrete Fréchet distance and local outlier factor to the voltage and temperature data of the battery cell/module that measured in real time, the battery cell that will have thermal runaway is detected before thermal runaway happens. Compared with the widely used single parameter based diagnosis approach, the proposed one considerably improve the reliability of the fault diagnosis and reduce the false diagnosis rate. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with the operational data from electric vehicles with/without thermal runaway in daily use.","Discrete Fréchet distance (DFD); fault diagnosis; lithium-ion battery (LIB); local outlier factor (LOF)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a015c615-9fc6-4096-97fe-96018c32b899","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a015c615-9fc6-4096-97fe-96018c32b899","High-resolution large-scale onshore wind energy assessments: A review of potential definitions, methodologies and future research needs","McKenna, Russell (University of Aberdeen; ETH Zürich); Pfenninger, Stefan (TU Delft Energie and Industrie; ETH Zürich); Heinrichs, Heidi (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH); Schmidt, Johannes (BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Staffell, Iain (Imperial College London); Bauer, Christian (Paul Scherrer Institut); Gruber, Katharina (BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Hahmann, Andrea N. (Technical University of Denmark); Jansen, Malte (Imperial College London); Klingler, Michael (BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Landwehr, Natascha (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH); Larsén, Xiaoli Guo (Technical University of Denmark); Lilliestam, Johan (Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies); Pickering, Bryn (ETH Zürich); Robinius, Martin (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH); Tröndle, Tim (ETH Zürich; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies); Turkovska, Olga (BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Wehrle, Sebastian (BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Weinand, Jann Michael (Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie); Wohland, Jan (ETH Zürich)","","2022","The rapid uptake of renewable energy technologies in recent decades has increased the demand of energy researchers, policymakers and energy planners for reliable data on the spatial distribution of their costs and potentials. For onshore wind energy this has resulted in an active research field devoted to analysing these resources for regions, countries or globally. A particular thread of this research attempts to go beyond purely technical or spatial restrictions and determine the realistic, feasible or actual potential for wind energy. Motivated by these developments, this paper reviews methods and assumptions for analysing geographical, technical, economic and, finally, feasible onshore wind potentials. We address each of these potentials in turn, including aspects related to land eligibility criteria, energy meteorology, and technical developments of wind turbine characteristics such as power density, specific rotor power and spacing aspects. Economic aspects of potential assessments are central to future deployment and are discussed on a turbine and system level covering levelized costs depending on locations, and the system integration costs which are often overlooked in such analyses. Non-technical approaches include scenicness assessments of the landscape, constraints due to regulation or public opposition, expert and stakeholder workshops, willingness to pay/accept elicitations and socioeconomic cost-benefit studies. For each of these different potential estimations, the state of the art is critically discussed, with an attempt to derive best practice recommendations and highlight avenues for future research.","Onshore wind; Planning constraints; Research priorities; Resource assessments; Social acceptance","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Energie and Industrie","","",""
"uuid:c6d5a7a3-7ed8-4f89-bf86-dc2cd9bf404a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c6d5a7a3-7ed8-4f89-bf86-dc2cd9bf404a","Placement and sizing of solar PV and Wind systems in trolleybus grids","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Scheurwater, Bram (Student TU Delft); Saffirio, Alice (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Reducing the environmental impact of transportation requires the successful integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical transportation networks. However, the mismatch between renewable generation and the intermittent bus schedules causes temporary absence of loads and creates considerable excess energy, potentially rendering the systems economically infeasible. So far, studies on integration of renewables in transport grids were limited to decentralized solar PV systems (placed at the substation level), using statistical or simplified models, and concerned mainly with increasing the trolleygrid capacity. In this paper, both PV and Wind systems are considered and studied as to maximize their direct utilization by using verified simulation models for six different sizing and placement scenarios. The Dutch trolleygrid of Arnhem is used as a case study. Scenarios I to V looked at a decentralized renewable sources placement and ultimately concluded that PV systems at low-traffic substations are best sized for complete energy-neutrality, with daily storage systems. On the other hand, those at high-traffic substations should be without storage and sized below their energy-neutrality point — ideally, using the Marginal Utilization approach (scenario III). Finally, the Centralized (Aggregated) Energy-Neutral Wind and PV Approach of scenario VI offers the best outcome, with a hybrid solution of 53% PV and 47% Wind. This scenario offers a 54.1% direct bus load coverage. In comparison, scenario I, which had attempted a grid energy-neutrality in a decentralized manner, had only achieved 32.4% direct load coverage. The outcome of scenario VI can even be pushed to values above 80% by installing storage systems.","DC systems; Electric mobility; Public transport; Solar PV; Trolleybus; Wind energy","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:58dbf255-f719-45d2-a816-1cdb356285b4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:58dbf255-f719-45d2-a816-1cdb356285b4","BioDynaMo: A modular platform for high-performance agent-based simulation","Breitwieser, Lukas (CERN; ETH Zürich); Hesam, A.S. (TU Delft Computer Engineering; CERN); De Montigny, Jean (CERN); Vavourakis, Vasileios (University of Cyprus; University College London (UCL)); Iosif, Alexandros (University of Cyprus); Jennings, Jack (Newcastle University); Kaiser, Marcus (Newcastle University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Nottingham Medical School); Manca, Marco (SCimPulse Foundation); Di Meglio, Alberto (CERN); Al-Ars, Z. (TU Delft Computer Engineering); Rademakers, Fons (CERN); Mutlu, Onur (ETH Zürich); Bauer, Roman (University of Surrey)","","2022","Motivation: Agent-based modeling is an indispensable tool for studying complex biological systems. However, existing simulation platforms do not always take full advantage of modern hardware and often have a field-specific software design. Results: We present a novel simulation platform called BioDynaMo that alleviates both of these problems. BioDynaMo features a modular and high-performance simulation engine. We demonstrate that BioDynaMo can be used to simulate use cases in: neuroscience, oncology and epidemiology. For each use case, we validate our findings with experimental data or an analytical solution. Our performance results show that BioDynaMo performs up to three orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art baselines. This improvement makes it feasible to simulate each use case with one billion agents on a single server, showcasing the potential BioDynaMo has for computational biology research.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Computer Engineering","","",""
"uuid:1407b937-8478-4a6c-92d5-5b1d6620292d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1407b937-8478-4a6c-92d5-5b1d6620292d","Analog Quantum Control of Magnonic Cat States on a Chip by a Superconducting Qubit","Kounalakis, M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2022","We propose to directly and quantum-coherently couple a superconducting transmon qubit to magnons - the quanta of the collective spin excitations, in a nearby magnetic particle. The magnet's stray field couples to the qubit via a superconducting quantum interference device. We predict a resonant magnon-qubit exchange and a nonlinear radiation-pressure interaction that are both stronger than dissipation rates and tunable by an external flux bias. We additionally demonstrate a quantum control scheme that generates magnon-qubit entanglement and magnonic Schrödinger cat states with high fidelity.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Blanter Group","","",""
"uuid:22706412-9966-4295-a445-09a5396ed558","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:22706412-9966-4295-a445-09a5396ed558","Toward a Better Estimation of the Charging Corridor Length of In-Motion-Charging Trolleybuses","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In-Motion-Charging (IMC) buses are destined to become a key player in sustainable urban transport as they combine the advantages of both trolleybuses (overhead supply mode) and e-buses (on-board battery mode). Defining the route ratio of these two modes of operation is a critical task in order to ensure that the IMC battery can complete a full trip once it is out of the charging corridor zone (i.e., out of the trolleybus operation zone). This paper offers a more correct approach to sizing the charging corridor than what is commonly found in literature, by including the effects of both the stopping and moving times of a typical IMC bus and by studying two charging schemes for the IMC bus battery charging. Errors as high as 16.4% and 17.6% were reported for the two charging schemes, respectively, when using the conventional methods found in literature for a case study using measurements of the trolleygrid city of Arnhem, the Netherlands.","Adaptive Charging; Electric vehicles; IMC; transport; trolleybus","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-01-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5325f23f-457f-4882-a3ff-264535d4de37","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5325f23f-457f-4882-a3ff-264535d4de37","Cavity magnonics","Zare Rameshti, Babak (Iran University of Science and Technology); Viola Kusminskiy, Silvia (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule); Haigh, James A. (Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory); Usami, Koji (University of Tokyo, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology); Lachance-Quirion, Dany (University of Tokyo, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology); Nakamura, Yasunobu (University of Tokyo, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)); Hu, Can Ming (University of Manitoba); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2022","Cavity magnonics deals with the interaction of magnons — elementary excitations in magnetic materials — and confined electromagnetic fields. We introduce the basic physics and review the experimental and theoretical progress of this young field that is gearing up for integration in future quantum technologies. Much of its appeal is derived from the strong magnon–photon coupling and the easily-reached nonlinear regime in microwave cavities. The interaction of magnons with light as detected by Brillouin light scattering is enhanced in magnetic optical resonators, which can be employed to cool and heat magnons. The microwave cavity photon-mediated coupling of a magnon mode to a superconducting qubit enables measurements in the single magnon limit.","Light–matter interaction; Magnons; Microwave cavity; Optical cavity; Spin waves; Superconducting qubit","en","review","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:1223280c-b08f-4de0-ae54-e1ef75db77e0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1223280c-b08f-4de0-ae54-e1ef75db77e0","Purkinje Cell Activity Resonation Generates Rhythmic Behaviors at the Preferred Frequency of 8 Hz","Bauer, Staf (Erasmus MC); van Wingerden, Nathalie (Erasmus MC); Jacobs, Thomas (Erasmus MC); van der Horst, Annabel (Erasmus MC); Zhai, Peipei (Erasmus MC); Betting, Jan Harm L.F. (Erasmus MC); Strydis, C. (TU Delft Computer Engineering; TU Delft Bio-Electronics; Erasmus MC); White, Joshua J. (Erasmus MC); De Zeeuw, Chris I. (Erasmus MC; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience NIN - KNAW); Romano, Vincenzo (Erasmus MC)","","2022","Neural activity exhibits oscillations, bursts, and resonance, enhancing responsiveness at preferential frequencies. For example, theta-frequency bursting and resonance in granule cells facilitate synaptic transmission and plasticity mechanisms at the input stage of the cerebellar cortex. However, whether theta-frequency bursting of Purkinje cells is involved in generating rhythmic behavior has remained neglected. We recorded and optogenetically modulated the simple and complex spike activity of Purkinje cells while monitoring whisker movements with a high-speed camera of awake, head-fixed mice. During spontaneous whisking, both simple spike activity and whisker movement exhibit peaks within the theta band. Eliciting either simple or complex spikes at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 28 Hz, we found that 8 Hz is the preferred frequency around which the largest movement is induced. Interestingly, oscillatory whisker movements at 8 Hz were also generated when simple spike bursting was induced at 2 and 4 Hz, but never via climbing fiber stimulation. These results indicate that 8 Hz is the resonant frequency at which the cerebellar-whisker circuitry produces rhythmic whisking.","cerebellum; optogenetics stimulation; Purkinje cell; theta resonance; whisker","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Computer Engineering","","",""
"uuid:0fec19ff-cb31-4636-b891-ab5f8fc76900","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fec19ff-cb31-4636-b891-ab5f8fc76900","Bipolar DC grids on ships: possibilities and challenges","Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","","","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:19159f70-0d0e-4340-ab90-5d9daa402e73","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19159f70-0d0e-4340-ab90-5d9daa402e73","Interplay of Leakage Radiation and Protection in Topological Photonic Crystal Cavities","Barczyk, R.T. (AMOLF); Parappurath, Nikhil (AMOLF); Arora, S. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Kuipers, L. (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Verhagen, Ewold (Eindhoven University of Technology)","","2022","The introduction of topological concepts to the design of photonic crystal cavities holds great promise for applications in integrated photonics due to the prospect of topological protection. This study examines the signatures of topological light confinement in the leakage radiation of 2D topological photonic crystal cavities. The cavities are implemented in an all-dielectric platform that features the photonic quantum spin Hall effect at telecom wavelengths and supports helical edge states that are weakly coupled to the radiation continuum. The modes of resonators scaling down to single point defects in the surrounding bulk lattice are characterized via spectral position and multipolar nature of the eigenstates. The mode profiles in real and momentum space are mapped using far-field imaging and Fourier-spectropolarimetry, revealing how certain properties of the cavity modes reflect on their origin in the topological bandstructure. This includes band-inversion-induced confinement and inverted scaling of mode spectra for trivial and topological defect cavities. Furthermore, hallmarks of topological protection in the loss rates are demonstrated, which are largely unaffected by cavity shape and size. The results constitute an important step toward the use of radiative topological cavities for on-chip confinement of light, control of emitted wave fronts, and enhancement of light–matter interactions.","cavities; Fourier spectroscopy; photonic crystals; quantum spin Hall effect; topology","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:5ef5b7a5-d835-4273-a005-8d34e455ed6a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5ef5b7a5-d835-4273-a005-8d34e455ed6a","Breakdown of Spin-to-Helicity Locking at the Nanoscale in Topological Photonic Crystal Edge States","Arora, S. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Parappurath, N. (AMOLF); Barczyk, R.T. (AMOLF); Verhagen, E. (AMOLF); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience)","","2022","We measure the local near-field spin in topological edge state waveguides that emulate the quantum spin Hall effect. We reveal a highly structured spin density distribution that is not linked to a unique pseudospin value. From experimental near-field real-space maps and numerical calculations, we confirm that this local structure is essential in understanding the properties of optical edge states and light-matter interactions. The global spin is reduced by a factor of 30 in the near field and, for certain frequencies, flipped compared to the pseudospin measured in the far field. We experimentally reveal the influence of higher-order Bloch harmonics in spin inhomogeneity, leading to a breakdown in the coupling between local helicity and global spin.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:09a4435c-db49-4c8a-9c84-180b0b33cdc5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:09a4435c-db49-4c8a-9c84-180b0b33cdc5","A review of socio-technical barriers to Smart Microgrid development","Norouzi, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Hoppe, T. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Smart MicroGrids (SMGs) can be seen as a promising option when it comes to addressing the urgent need for sustainable transition in electric systems from the current fossil fuel-based centralised system to a low-carbon, renewable-based decentralised system. Unlike previous studies that were restricted to a limited number of actors and only took a mono-disciplinary research approach, this current review adopts a multidisciplinary, socio-technical approach and addresses the factors that have been hindering the development of SMGs and considers how these barriers interact. This study contributes to the body of literature on the development of SMGs by mapping and discerning technical, regulatory, market, social and institutional barriers for different types of actors, including technology providers, consumers, Distributed Generation (DG) providers and system operators, based on information derived from laboratory reports, demonstration pilots, and academic journals. In addition, attention is paid to how these barriers interact based on real-life experimentation. A holistic picture of barriers and their interaction is presented as well as recommendations for future research.","Barriers; Multidisciplinary approach; Smart MicroGrids; Socio-technical; Sustainable transition","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5344f9ed-8666-4b9d-b934-1f0e1ab0bb7e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5344f9ed-8666-4b9d-b934-1f0e1ab0bb7e","Topological Protection in Radiative Photonic Crystal Cavities","Barczyk, R.T. (AMOLF); Parappurath, N. (AMOLF); Arora, S. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Verhagen, E. (AMOLF)","","2022","We study the signatures of topological light confinement in the leakage radiation of two-dimensional topological photonic crystal cavities that feature the quantum spin Hall effect at telecom wavelengths. The mode profiles in real and momentum space are retrieved using far field imaging and Fourier spectropolarimetry. We examine the scaling behavior of mode spectra, observe band-inversion-induced confinement, and demonstrate hallmarks of topological protection in the loss rates, which are largely unaffected by cavity shape and size.","","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:90201552-4c2f-4d80-a99d-dea8dabea193","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:90201552-4c2f-4d80-a99d-dea8dabea193","Data-Driven Study of LV Distribution Grid Behaviour with Increasing Electric Vehicle Penetration","Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Reihs, David (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology); Wagh, Saumitra (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Stahleder, Daniel (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Lehfuss, Felix (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In this paper, the impact of Electric Vehicle (EV) uncontrolled charging with four levels of EV penetration in overall 21 real low voltage distribution grids in two seasons are analysed. The employed real grid data is provided by distribution system operators from three European countries: Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. At least six grids in each country were considered and they are categorised into three types, namely rural grids, suburban grids and urban grids. The EV charging data used in this study is based on real measurements or surveys. The seasonal and the weekday-weekend factors are also considered in the EV charging impact research. Three key congestion indicators, the transformer loading, line loading and node voltage as well as several other evaluation indexes are studied. The results reveal that the majority of the simulated grids had no or minor moments of mild overloading while the rest grids had critical issues. Among all the grids, suburban grids are most vulnerable to massive EV integration. Out of the evaluated grids, those who are located in Germany have the highest redundancy for high EV penetration accommodation. Overall, the impact of uncontrolled EV charging depends on the combination of EV charging demand as well as the grid inherent features.","Electric vehicle (EV); low voltage distribution grid; uncontrolled charging","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c22ae697-556e-4b7a-9fa3-d58daf877fee","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c22ae697-556e-4b7a-9fa3-d58daf877fee","Highly Compact Partial Power Converter for a Highly Efficient PV-BESS Stacked Generation System","Granello, P. (Sapienza University of Rome); Schirone, Luigi (Sapienza University of Rome); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Miceli, Rosario (Università degli Studi di Palermo); Pellitteri, Filippo (Università degli Studi di Palermo)","","2022","The inherently intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) energy has brought increasing interest towards the integration between PV sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). In this paper, a Series Partial Power Processing (PPP) converter based on Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) is proposed to integrate PV and BESS in a grid-connected inverter system. The proposed converter has been simulated according to a PV string capable to provide 1430 W under full irradiance conditions, a BESS nominal voltage equal to 215 V and a solar inverter assumed to operate with a minimum voltage of 150 V and a maximum current of 10 A. Simulation tests carried out at different conditions of solar radiation and required load power aim at demonstrating the correct operation of the proposed system.","DC/DC Power Conversion; Partial Power Processing; Switched Capacitor; Capacitive Power Transfer; Battery Energy Storge Systems; Photovoltaic","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5b364daf-0fc2-4f30-b8bc-d0f03f6df39e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b364daf-0fc2-4f30-b8bc-d0f03f6df39e","Optimal Power Flow Control in Parallel Operating AC and DC Distribution Links","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","DC links with back to back voltage source converters are usually built alongside the existing medium voltage ac distribution grids for infrastructure reinforcement. The distribution network operators need to run multiple of such parallel ac and dc links between two substations at optimal efficiency. This article shows that the active power steering capability of the dc link can be used to dynamically vary the share of power flow in the ac link such that the system operating efficiency is maximized for varying power demand, grid voltage, dc-link voltage, converter efficiency, link length, and conductor area. The algorithm developed based on the derived exact and estimated solution for this parallel ac-dc link power sharing ratio is proved through simulations on a 10 kV, 30 MVA system. The concept is validated using experiments on a scale-down lab model. Using case-study with adapted measured substation data of hourly average power demand profile for one year, it is shown that annual energy saving potential in the range of 8-92 MWh can be achieved with varying link length between 10-20 km for 5-20 kV grid voltage and 185-630 mm$^2$ conductor area if the proposed optimal power flow control is used.","Embedded dc; energy router; hybrid; interlink; meshed; power redirection; reconfigurable; smart grid","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2c0af50f-822d-48bf-87be-85f432844279","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2c0af50f-822d-48bf-87be-85f432844279","Comparison of AC and DC Nanogrid for Office Buildings with EV Charging, PV and Battery Storage","Sulaeman, Ilman (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Future office buildings are expected to be integrated with energy intensive, inherently DC components such as photovoltaic panels (PV), electric vehicles (EV), LED lighting, and battery storage. This paper conceptualizes the interconnection of these components through a 750 V DC nanogrid as against a conventional three-phase 400 V AC system. The factors influencing the performance of a DC-based nanogrid are identified and a comparative analysis with respect to a conventional AC nanogrid is presented in terms of efficiency, stability, and protection. It is proved how the minimization of grid energy exchange through power management is a vital system design choice. Secondly, the trade-off between stability, protection, and cost for sizing of the DC buffer capacitors is explored. The transient system response to different fault conditions for both AC and DC nanogrid is investigated. Finally the differences between the two systems in terms of various safety aspects are highlighted.","AC; DC; Efficiency; Electric vehicle; Nanogrid; Protection; Solar PV; Stability","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c501130a-9eca-427a-bc71-2410f15532cf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c501130a-9eca-427a-bc71-2410f15532cf","Impedance Modeling for Three-Phase Inverters with Double Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controller in the Presence of Imbalance","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This article presents a small-signal model for power-electronics converters that use a typical control structure in wind energy applications: the double synchronous reference frame current control. The article considers the presence of unbalanced currents and voltages, and analyzes their impact on the frequency couplings of the converter. In addition, it is revealed that, in the presence of negative-sequence voltage synchronization, the converter presents an additional coupling at -2f_1-f_p.","Double synchronous reference frame; frequency coupling; impedance modeling; phase locked loop (PLL); small-signal modeling","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d7309ad3-220e-4a78-8aab-1ba0d065c61b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d7309ad3-220e-4a78-8aab-1ba0d065c61b","Gate Driver Design for 1.2 kV SiC Module with PCB Integrated Rogowski Coil Protection Circuit","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Tiftikidis, Panagiotis (Student TU Delft); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Wide band-gap materials, e.g., Silicon Carbide (SiC), allow the realization of power semiconductor with superior performance with respect to the traditional Si-based counterparts. On the other hand they require more stringent short-circuit or over-current clearing time to safeguard the device lifetime. This paper focuses on the analysis, design guidelines and practical implementation of a gate drive circuit incorporating fast short-circuit/over-current protection $(\lt 1 \mu \mathrm{s})$ based on the device di/dt measurement through PCB-based auxiliary Rogowski coils. The target power module is a industry standard 62mm packaged 1.2kV SiC MOSFET half-bridge. The gate driver protection features are experimentally tested and the target time for the short circuit clearing was satisfied, with the gate driver effectively turning off the switches within 400 ns during a short-circuit test.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e488748a-0547-47bd-9212-b85799f3374b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e488748a-0547-47bd-9212-b85799f3374b","Python Supervised Co-simulation for A Day-long Harmonic Evaluation of EV Charging","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","To accurately simulate electric vehicle DC fast chargers' (DCFCs') harmonic emission, a small time step, i.e., typically smaller than 10 μs, is required owing to switching dynamics. However, in practice, harmonics should be continuously assessed with a long duration, e.g., a day. A trade-off between accuracy and time efficiency thus exists. To address this issue, a multi-time scale modeling framework of fast-charging stations (FCSs) is proposed. In the presented framework, the DCFCs' input impedance and harmonic current emission in the ideal grid condition, that is, zero grid impedance and no background harmonic voltage, are obtained based on a converter switching model with a small timescale simulation. Since a DCFC's input impedance and harmonic current source are functions of the DCFC's load, the input impedance and harmonic emission at different loads are obtained. Thereafter, they are used in the fast-charging charging station modeling, where the DCFCs are simplified as Norton equivalent circuits. In the station level simulation, a large time step, i.e., one minute, is used because the DCFCs' operating power can be assumed as a constant over a minute. With this co-simulation, the FCSs' long-term power quality performance can be assessed time-efficiently, without losing much accuracy.","Power quality; charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs); harmonic modeling","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:efcf4727-5f29-450d-9971-32d4cd9ba16c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:efcf4727-5f29-450d-9971-32d4cd9ba16c","Multi-timescale Modeling of Fast Charging Stations for Power Quality Analysis","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","To accurately simulate the harmonic emission of EV DC fast chargers (DCFCs) and the harmonic voltage of the power grid to which the chargers are connected, a small time-step, i.e., typically smaller than 10μs, is required. However, for harmonic assessment, a long timescale, typically a day, is required. A conflict between accuracy and time efficiency exists. To address this issue, a multitimescale modeling framework of fast charging stations (FCSs) is proposed in this paper. In the presented framework, the DCFCs’ input impedance and harmonic current emission in the ideal grid condition, i.e., the grid impedance is zero and there are no background harmonic voltages, is obtained firstly through a converter switch model with a small timescale. Since the DCFC’s input impedance and harmonic current source change in the charging course, the input impedance and harmonic emission at different input power should be obtained. Then, the DCFCs’ input impedance and harmonic emission will be used in the fast-charging station modeling, where the DCFCs are simplified as their Norton equivalent circuits. In the station level modeling, a bigger time step, i.e., 1 minute, is used, since the DCFCs’ operating power can be assumed as a constant in one minute. With this framework, the FCSs’ long-term power quality performance can be assessed efficiently without neglecting the DCFCs’ small timescale dynamics.","Charging Infrastructure for EV's; Power quality; Modeling; Harmonics","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4d0d3851-3a8f-4724-b354-012e2f0e8de7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d0d3851-3a8f-4724-b354-012e2f0e8de7","Design criteria of solid-state circuit breaker for low-voltage microgrids","Purgat, P. (Eaton Industries GmbH); Shah, Samad (DC Opportunities R&D); van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB) show great promise to become the key element in the protection of low-voltage direct current microgrids. SSCBs operate in the microsecond range and employ semi-conductor devices that have strict safe operation area limits. Therefore, the design of the SSCB needs to consider the effects of fault detection delays and semi-conductor safe operation area limitations. This paper derives SSCB design criteria that consider the effect of different detection methods with different detection delays under varying system constraints. The design space is investigated in a sensitivity analysis, which provides insights into the operation boundaries of SSCB and explains how a combination of fault detection methods can reduce the SSCB size. The insights from the theoretical and sensitivity analysis are used to propose an SSCB design flowchart. SSCB prototype is developed and tested in different scenarios under nominal grid voltage and current. The derived design constraints can be used for efficient SSCB design and also to evaluate the effects of different protection schemes on the required SSCB size.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dbc512f9-564c-4b51-a127-05443d4d23fb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dbc512f9-564c-4b51-a127-05443d4d23fb","Lifetime Estimation of Grid-Connected Battery Storage and Power Electronics Inverter Providing Primary Frequency Regulation","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2021","Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a new asset for Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR), an ancillary service for improving the grid stability. The system operators determine the implementation and remuneration of PFR. However, assessing the revenue stream is not enough to define the business case, as also the components’ lifetime has to be estimated. Previous studies of lifetime estimation for BESSs performing PFR considered only the electrochemical storage, disregarding the power electronics (PE). Nonetheless, researchers have shown the importance of estimating PE wear due to the operation when applied in renewable energy generation and microgrids. This paper presents a lifetime analysis of BESSs providing PFR considering IGBT modules, electrolytic capacitors and electrochemical storage degradation. The lifetime information is used to estimate BESS's Net-Present-Value (NPV), evaluating the benefits of deploying PE-based BESS in the European grid. A comparison between different countries, Germany, the Netherlands, and the U.K., is performed, considering the PFR implementation and remuneration differences. The analysis shows that the BESS management strategy can extend its lifetime and that the component that exhibits the shortest lifetime is the electrochemical storage. The PE components are subject to low wear due to the low power utilization and, therefore, small thermal swings while performing PFR. In conclusion, the provision of PFR by means of BESS has been found to be profitable in all three countries. However, in the Netherlands, the potential NPV has been estimated to be 47% and 76% higher than in Germany and the U.K., respectively.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7f13239d-6a7d-4547-ab36-798f92be9e72","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7f13239d-6a7d-4547-ab36-798f92be9e72","Grid Impact of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations: Trends, Standards, Issues and Mitigation Measures - An Overview","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Slangen, T (ElaadNL); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Wijk, T (ElaadNL)","","2021","With growing concern on climate change, widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is important. One of the main barriers to EV acceptance is range anxiety, which can be alleviated by fast charging (FC). The main technology constraints for enabling FC consist of high-charging-rate batteries, high-power-charging infrastructure, and grid impacts. Although these technical aspects have been studied in literature individually, there is no comprehensive review on FC involving all the perspectives. Moreover, the power quality (PQ) problems of fast charging stations (FCSs) and the mitigation of these problems are not clearly summarized in the literature. In this paper, the state-of-the-art technology, standards for FC (CHAdeMO, GB/T, CCS, and Tesla), power quality issues, IEEE and IEC PQ standards, and mitigation measures of FCSs are systematically reviewed.","Charging stations; electric vehicles; power quality; power system stability","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:20e558d6-5af0-40c9-9290-ec9ed938b225","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:20e558d6-5af0-40c9-9290-ec9ed938b225","Imaging Spin-Wave Damping Underneath Metals Using Electron Spins in Diamond","Bertelli, I. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Universiteit Leiden; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Simon, B.G. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Yu, T. (Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg); Aarts, Jan (Universiteit Leiden); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); van der Sar, T. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2021","Spin waves in magnetic insulators are low-damping signal carriers that can enable a new generation of spintronic devices. The excitation, control, and detection of spin waves by metal electrodes is crucial for interfacing these devices to electrical circuits. As such, it is important to understand metal-induced damping of spin-wave transport, but characterizing this process requires access to the underlying magnetic films. Here it is shown that electronic sensor spins in diamond enable imaging of spin waves that propagate underneath metals in magnetic insulators. This capability is then used to reveal a 100-fold metal-induced increase in spin-wave damping. The damping enhancement is attributed to spin-wave-induced electrical currents as well as, above a certain frequency, three-magnon scattering processes. This interpretation is supported by deriving expressions for the current-induced damping and the three-magnon threshold from the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation that agree well with the observations. The detection of buried scattering centers further highlights the technique's power for assessing spintronic device quality. These results open new avenues for studying metal – spin-wave interactions and provide access to interfacial processes such as spin-wave injection via the spin-Hall effect.","diamond; magnetic imaging; magnetic insulators; NV centers; quantum sensing; spin waves; spintronics","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/vanderSarlab","","",""
"uuid:149aed0d-2b8c-4938-9ac8-a74ad2137c55","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:149aed0d-2b8c-4938-9ac8-a74ad2137c55","Integrated Solution for Electric Vehicle and Foreign Object Detection in the Application of Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","One of the challenges with the dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) technique is the electric vehicle detection (EVD) that helps the DIPT system to control the power supply of the transmitter. The EVD method applying auxiliary coils is a promising candidate because the flat shape of the auxiliary coils is suitable for the compact design. However, the EVD may fail when the metallic foreign object (MFO) is present. Therefore, the desire emerges in the integration design of the EVD and foreign object detection (FOD). The FOD can ensure the reliability of the EVD as well as the highly efficient operation of the DIPT system without MFOs. In this context, this paper proposes an integrated solution to the EVD and FOD well suited for DIPT systems. The integrated solution utilizes both passive coil sets (PCSs) and active coil sets (ACSs). Additionally, a novel detection resonant circuit (DRC) is proposed to realize EVD and FOD using the same coil sets and to amplify the measurement sensitivity. The operation mechanisms, the detection coil sets architecture, the design of the proposed resonant circuits and the detection procedure are detailed. Finally, a printed circuit board based prototype is built to validate the integrated functionality of the EVD and FOD in a DIPT prototype processing 1 kW output. Experiments considering the practical DIPT application scenarios are conducted, and the proposed detection method is able to achieve advantageously high sensitivity and no blind zone.","Coils; Couplings; dynamic inductive power transfer; electric vehicle detection; foreign object detection; Magnetic resonance; resonant circuits; RLC circuits; Sensitivity; Voltage; Voltage measurement; Foreign object detection; Dynamic inductive power transfer; Electric vehicle detection; Resonant circuits","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9bf23d98-4699-4e53-911f-0c6445e6d2d3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9bf23d98-4699-4e53-911f-0c6445e6d2d3","An Adaptive Control Strategy for Dynamic Response of an Autonomous DC system","Norouzi, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Hoppe, T. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The dynamic behaviour - steady-state and transient - of the DC Microgrids during power disturbance can affect the system’s general performance. A hybrid combination of energy storage devices with slow frequency response, like a Fuel Cell, and with a fast dynamic response, like a Super-Capacitor, provides an improved dynamic response to stabilise DC bus voltage. However, control parameters should be designed based on the preferences of the system. This paper proposes a fuzzy-based controller to determine the Virtual Capacitor Droop controller to achieve the desired transient response. The proposed dynamic control method is validated through MATLAB/Simulink.","DC Microgrids; Dynamic behaviour; Energy Storage; Fuzzy-based controller","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:29069771-fe02-4ced-9910-ba8670ffa88e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:29069771-fe02-4ced-9910-ba8670ffa88e","Coordination Control of Power Flow Controller and Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker in MVDC Distribution Networks","Liao, Jianquan (Sichuan University); Zhou, Niancheng (Chongqing University); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, Qianggang (Chongqing University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The two main challenges of medium voltage direct current (MVDC) distribution network are the flexible control of power flow (PF) and fault protection. In this paper, the power flow controller (PFC) is introduced to regulate the PF and inhibit the fault current during the DC fault. The coordination strategy of series-parallel PFC (SP-PFC) and hybrid DC circuit breaker (DCCB) is proposed. By regulating the polarity and magnitude of SP-PFC output voltage during the fault, the rising speed of fault current can be suppressed so as to reduce the breaking current of hybrid DCCB. The access mode of SP-PFC to the MVDC distribution network and its topology are analyzed, and the coordination strategy between SP-PFC and hybrid DCCB is investigated. Moreover, the emergency control and bypass control strategies of SP-PFC are developed. On this basis, the mathematical model of SP-PFC in different fault stages is derived. With the equivalent model of SP-PFC, the fault current of the MVDC distribution network can be calculated accurately. A simulation model of the MVDC distribution network containing SP-PFC is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The fault current calculation result is compared with the simulation result, and the effectiveness of the proposed coordination strategy is verified.","DC circuit breaker (DCCB); Medium voltage direct current (MVDC) distribution network; fault current; power flow controller (PFC)","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1e3b9e80-af8e-4d8c-a9c9-56882a8f36da","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1e3b9e80-af8e-4d8c-a9c9-56882a8f36da","Design Trade-Offs of Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Arbitrary Wave Shape Generator for Conventional and Unconventional High Voltage Testing","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; KEMA Laboratories); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper comprehensivelyinvestigates the design trade-offs of a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) operations as an Arbitrary Wave shapesGenerator (AWG) to perform High Voltage (HV) dielectric testing of different grid assets. HV AWG applications pose unique operatingconditions to the MMC, which influences the selection of the various system parameters. This influence of the MMC system parameters is studied analytically, with MATLAB-Simulink simulations and a down-scaled MMC prototype. It is found that the Phase-Shift Carrier (PSC) modulation technique proves to be a superior modulation technique over Nearest Level Control (NLC). The correct choice of arm inductance and series damping resistance improves the harmonic performance of the output voltage waveform. The fast switching SiC MOSFETs are well suited to generate complex waveforms with high bandwidth. The adapted control system with the proportional controller can accurately generate the different waveforms with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) less than 5%. The circulating current in the MMC is negligible for the HV AWG application, which explains why the submodule capacitor voltages are balanced even when asymmetric complex wave shapes are generated from the MMC. Additionally, the submodule capacitor ripple expression is derived for this unique application, and it matches well with the simulation and experimental results. For this application, submodule capacitance in the μF range is sufficient to keep the ripple within 1% of its average value. Moreover, the challenges of realizing the full-scale MMC setup are discussed. The discussed design guidelines are applied to simulate the full-scale prototype with 67 submodules per arm.","MMC; AWG; conventional and unconventional dielectric testing; complex waveforms; modulation techniques; down-scaled prototype; capacitor voltage ripple","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:079385f5-e19a-4832-a755-679213f7705f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:079385f5-e19a-4832-a755-679213f7705f","Virtual Resistor Active Damping with Selective Harmonics Control of LCL-Filtered VSCs","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Xu, J. (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","LCL filter is widely adopted for strict standard compliance of grid-tied voltage source converters (VSCs). The third order low-pass filtering provides great attenuation for the high frequency harmonics generated by the power electronics guaranteeing low output currents noise injection into the grid. A major concern of the implementation of the LCL-filter is to safeguard the system stability by providing effective damping of the filter resonances. Active damping methods are preferred because it does not result in substantial power losses as it would result by the utilization of passive damping circuits. Capacitor-current active damping (CCAD) technique can be effective while realizing only a proportional feedback. However, the suitable feedback gain for maintaining stability remains to be identified. Another control issue related to the grid-tied VSC is the harmonics compensation of the currents due to the grid voltage distortion. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved resonator with phase compensation to suppress the harmonics distortion while maintaining stability with properly design capacitor current feedback. The capacitor feedback gain for stability is analytically derived in this paper. The proposed control scheme is verified by both simulation and experimental results.","Capacitor-current feedback Active damping (CCAD); Harmonics resonator; LCL filter; VSC","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f2e37854-78e5-4390-958e-83b9f400dcb4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f2e37854-78e5-4390-958e-83b9f400dcb4","A Transformer Isolated Driving Method for SiC MOSFETs with a Constant Negative Off Voltage","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","SiC MOSFETs have become more and more popular in recent years. Apart from its superior performance, attentions should be paid to its driving method. In this paper, an improved transformer driving circuit is proposed which can provide an almost constant negative turn-off voltage within a wide dutycycle range. Both simulation and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of this method.","Driving Transformer; MOSFETs in Series; Negative Off Voltage; SiC MOSFETs","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a0031244-faff-4a18-946b-dba6f3eadacb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a0031244-faff-4a18-946b-dba6f3eadacb","Modular Multilevel Converter-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator used for High Voltage Testing","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; DNVGL - KEMA Laboratories); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper analyses different design trade-offs for a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator (AWG) used for High Voltage (HV) testing and certification of grid assets such as transformers, switchgear, and cables. Modulation techniques, number of submodules, output voltage levels, arm inductance, and series damping resistance play an essential role in obtaining different waveforms with good quality. Phase-Shift Carrier (PSC) modulation technique proves to be a superior modulation technique for different periodic waveforms over Nearest Level Control (NLC), even when a large number of submodules is considered. With the traditional second-order filter design strategy, proper values of the arm inductance and series resistance can be selected, guaranteeing a good quality of the generated voltage waveforms to verify different dielectric properties of grid-assets. The design of such an AWG is demonstrated with the simulations in MATLAB-Simulink.","AWG; HV testing; MMC; NLC modulation technique; PSC modulation technique; number of output voltage levels","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7e50f8ee-e8e0-4540-af23-6cb4132dd1f0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7e50f8ee-e8e0-4540-af23-6cb4132dd1f0","A Critical Review on The Effects of Pulse Charging of Li-ion Batteries","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","In this paper a review on the effects of pulse charging of lithium based battery technology is done. Results published in existing literature are not in complete agreement regarding the effects of pulse charging. Several studies claim to have beneficial effects on charging efficiency, charging time, and capacity fade. While others have found disadvantageous effects on the same parameters. The goal of this paper is to summarize and review these results, based on fundamental theory. Additionally, it will be shown that the electrical equivalent circuit analysis of batteries, often used to explain the beneficial results of pulse charging is an incomplete analogy to fully explain the results of pulse charging.","Lithium ion; Battery Charging; Pulse charging; Sinusoidal Ripple Charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:14161bba-2048-4fa1-a1e9-610af2fc626c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14161bba-2048-4fa1-a1e9-610af2fc626c","Electric Vehicle Charging with Multi-Port Converter based Integration in DC Trolley-Bus Network","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","DC traction networks that supply power to trolley-buses, tramcars and trains can be simultaneously used to integrate fast-charging stations for Electric Vehicles (EVs). This strategy improves the traction grid utilization of urban transportation systems. In addition, it offers a potential solution to the increasing requirement of charging infrastructure due to proliferation of plug-in EVs and the associated impact on the existing distribution network. This paper suggests that the use of multi-port converter based integration of EV chargers with dc trolley-bus network can be a preferred solution in terms of defined efficiency boundary. A sensitivity analysis to charging power, substation distance and section length of overhead contact system is performed in comparison to the conventional two-port dc/dc converter based EV integration.","bilateral connection; dc fast charging; electric vehicles; subway; traction systems; tramway network; transportation electrification; triple-active bridge; wayside storage","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f134d92c-5648-4d67-a403-94af4fd7e5a8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f134d92c-5648-4d67-a403-94af4fd7e5a8","Performance Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle Traction Drive using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches","Tan, Changyu (Student TU Delft); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The parallel connection of a Silicon (Si)-based IGBT and a Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based MOSFET forming a so called hybrid switch (HyS) can be used to exploit the advantageous features of both semiconductor and materials technologies. In this paper, a HyS-based inverter designed for the application of Electric Vehicle (EV) traction is compared to the conventional inverter assembled with Si-based IGBTs and SiC-based MOS-FETs. According to different standardized driving cycles, EVs operate in low partial load for a considerable amount of the time. Therefore, in this application, semiconductor conduction losses can be considerably reduced when unipolar switches such as MOSFETs are used. All in all, this work shows that the HyS configuration constitutes a good compromise between efficiency and cost when compared to the solution implementing only Si-based IGBT or solely SiC-based MOSFETs.","Electric vehicles; Silicon Carbide (SiC); driving cycles; hybrid switch; motor drive","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:aeddf7d0-f6f4-4a17-b792-1d138038e0cb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aeddf7d0-f6f4-4a17-b792-1d138038e0cb","Auto-Resonant Detection Method for Optimized ZVS Operation in IPT Systems With Wide Variation of Magnetic Coupling and Load","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (Caspoc Simulation Research, Alphen aan de Rijn); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","In wireless charging systems, the H-bridge converter's switching frequency is set close to the system's natural resonance for achieving optimized zero voltage switching (ZVS). Variations to the system's natural resonance are commonly tracked by following the changes in the resonant current's polarity, i.e., current zero-crossings. The main implementation challenge is accounting for the time delay between the real monitored current and the final resulting switches’ commutations. This becomes critical at high switching frequencies, particularly when the magnetic coupling and loading vary widely. This paper proposes an auto-resonant detection method that continuously ensures optimized ZVS turn-on with the minimal circulating current over the operable range of magnetic coupling and load. The suggested implementation provides two split variable references for the resonant frequency detection, which adaptatively compensate for the propagation delay based on the resonant current slope. The auto-resonant scheme is benchmarked against the commonly employed method with fixed current detection references. The results highlight the auto-resonant strategy's advantages, namely extended operable range, wider ZVS turn-on region, ease start-up, and improved DC-to-DC efficiency. The auto-resonant features and functionality are verified experimentally with a 200 W low-voltage e-bike wireless charger. Finally, the benefits of the presented method are analytically explored for high-power applications by considering the H-bridge semiconductor losses of a state-of-art 50 kW wireless charging system.","Control; H-bridge converter; inductive power transfer; inverter; resonant converters; soft-switching; wireless charging; zero voltage switching","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4e816f5f-4272-429e-91e2-d4e3ba6a265e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4e816f5f-4272-429e-91e2-d4e3ba6a265e","Study on Soft Start-Up and Shut-Down Methods for Wireless Power Transfer Systems for the Charging of Electric Vehicles","Riekerk, C. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The increase in popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and the pursuit of user convenience makes wireless power transfer (WPT) an attractive technology for the charging of batteries. The usage of WPT in e-transportation is not straightforward because the current standardization limits the allowed operating frequency range and magnitude of the irradiated magnetic field. Although, to safeguard the zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the intrinsic inverter switches, their operating frequency needs to be slightly adapted at all time such that the circuit functions in the equivalent inductive region of the passive network. Besides the semiconductors’ soft switching, another control objective is limiting the inverter current to restrain the irradiated magnetic field. The start-up of the WPT system can be particularly challenging because uncertainties on the loading condition and coils’ misalignment can complicate these control objectives. This paper benchmarks three start-up modulation strategies for the H-bridge inverter which aim to reduce the amplitude of the transient currents and to ensure ZVS operation for the S-S compensation and double-sided LCC compensation. In addition two soft shut-down strategies are compared for the S-S compensation. The results show that the symmetrical phase-shift (SPS) control with self-oscillating feedback control, also known as Dual Control gives the best performance for S-S compensation at start-up and shut-down. The combination of frequency and SPS control starting below resonance gives the best results for the soft start-up of the double-sided LCC compensation.","Electric vehicle (EV); inductive power transfer (IPT; start-up transient; wireless power transfer (WPT); inductive power transfer (IPT)","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-29","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8cb5cc40-ef03-450c-9eb6-539959263f13","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cb5cc40-ef03-450c-9eb6-539959263f13","Common Mode Currents in DC Power Routers","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The grid reinforcement and energy redirection needs have led to the emergence of Back-To-Back Voltage Source Converter (BTB-VSC) based dc power routers. This paper investigates the low frequency Common Mode Currents (CMCs) that arise in the system if the employed BTB-VSCs have an un-isolated ac path connected in parallel to their output ports. Simulation results are presented to show a sensitivity analysis of lower order harmonics in CMC with respect to the operating active and reactive power of the dc router, dc link voltage, link resistance, modulation method and pole capacitance. Experimental results are shared to show existance of lower order CMC in 3-wire ac link operating in parallel with the dc power router and these are mitigated using zero sequence controller.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9eb78bea-685a-432a-bdd7-90620432eb7d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9eb78bea-685a-432a-bdd7-90620432eb7d","Analysis of Dynamic Charging Performances of Optimized Inductive Power Transfer Couplers","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper aims to investigate the dynamic charging performance of an 11 kW dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) system. First, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) method is proposed to find the Pareto front of the DD charging pad. Then, the optimal design with a 96.82% efficiency is selected as the target design for the DIPT system. Based on the coupler mutual inductance at different misalignment, the orientation of the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) pads and the distance between Tx pads are studied and optimized. To obtain the dynamic characteristics of the DIPT system, the impact of mutual inductance variation is investigated, and a dynamic model using Laplace phasor transformation is built to solve the waveform amplitude of electrical variables. Finally, a time-variant circuit model is built. Based on the simulations, the dynamic model is proved to be accurate, and the proposed DIPT system displays a good dynamic charging performance.","dynamic characteristics; dynamic inductive power transfer; dynamic modelling method; multi-objective optimization","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6fb4d810-af22-453a-b502-6130437968e2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6fb4d810-af22-453a-b502-6130437968e2","Study of Back-end DC/DC Converter for 3.7 kW Wireless Charging System according to SAE J2954","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","In a wireless charging system, a back-end DC/DC converter can be used after the coil rectification stage to match the battery charging requirements and to optimize the resonant converter operation. In this paper, a synchronous boost converter is selected according to suggested coil parameters from SAE J2954 standards on a WPT1 3.7 kW power class. This converter is analysed while cascaded to a resonant converter with series-series (S-S) compensation. The semiconductor and inductor losses under hard-switched continuous conduction mode (CCM) and triangular current mode (TCM) are calculated and compared. A benchmark study shows that both the TCM and CCM operations have similar performance of efficiency in constant current (CC) charging profile while TCM has a higher efficiency in the constant voltage (CV) charging profile of a Nissan Leaf EV battery.","S-S; CCM; TCM; Boost Converter; Inductor; Battery","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7bc1a02e-7b73-42b5-82bd-a64a627f3dfe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7bc1a02e-7b73-42b5-82bd-a64a627f3dfe","Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Demonstrator for Electric Vehicle Charging in Distribution Grids","De Herdt, Lode (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","A simple and low-cost Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) demonstrator is developed for the purpose of studying the impact of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging on low voltage distribution grids. An energy saving power circulating method with potential bi-directional function is proposed in this study as well. The distribution grid under test runs on a Digital Real Time Simulator (DRTS), and a controlled 3-phase voltage at one of the nodes is formed using a power amplifier. The practical setup consists of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and a system which emulates the charging behaviour of an EV, referred to as an EV emulator. These are integrated using a 15 kW back to back ac-dc converter based power router. Structure, performance and limitations of the test-bed components, communication protocols and signal processing are discussed.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3208b293-3390-4f35-a666-8450e26c8127","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3208b293-3390-4f35-a666-8450e26c8127","Aggregated Impact of EV Charger Type and EV Penetration level in Improving PV Integration in Distribution Grids","Wagh, Saumitra (Student TU Delft); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can improve the loading characteristics of low voltage distribution grids with high Photovoltaic (PV) penetration. This impact is investigated in the paper from two point of views, namely, the EV charger type and the EV penetration level. Based on the measured usage data for home, public and semi-public EV chargers, it is highlighted that the ratio of the number of these charger types can influence the grid level impact of PV penetration. Using Monte-Carlo method with aggregated power balance model, it is suggested that the increase in percentage of public and semi-public chargers relative to home chargers can improve self-consumption of PV energy in the grid, thereby reducing the power mismatch due to excess local generation. A PowerFactory based simulation with real measurement based data on real German distribution grids reveals that the grids have no risk of congestion at all with 80% EV penetration, allowing for a possibility even higher EV penetration in the future. Furthermore, with the considered uncontrolled EV charging, it is observed that the grids experience reverse power flows due to excess PV generation. This excess PV energy reduces by about 5% with high EV penetration, indicating a future potential for targeted smart charging application for improving these benchmarked results.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d578cca9-e540-4671-b11a-dbb61c4d61ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d578cca9-e540-4671-b11a-dbb61c4d61ae","Efficiency Map based Modelling of Electric Drive for Heavy Duty Electric Vehicles and Sensitivity Analysis","Abhay, Nived (Student TU Delft); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Nouws, Simon (DAF Trucks N.V.)","","2021","This paper presents a method to model losses of the electric drive for electric vehicles from the limited information provided in the efficiency map. A Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm and simple loss model based method is used to extract the loss coefficients from the motor drive efficiency map. The copper loss, hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and windage loss of the motor and switching and conduction losses of the inverter are considered. The method is used to analyze how to increase the range of heavy duty electric trucks. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters contributing to the range. Influence of different powertrain architectures on the range are studied. The proposed method proves to be effective. Comapred to directly applying the efficiency map, the proposed method provides more insigts into the loss distribution in the inverters and motors, reveals the key factors influencing the powertrain loss and can be used to guide the optimisation of the powertrain architecture and motors for future designs.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:23a41174-d3d3-4765-9817-a75491b138dc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:23a41174-d3d3-4765-9817-a75491b138dc","Optimal Battery Energy Storage System Sizing for Demand Charge Management in EV Fast Charging Stations","Koolman, George (Student TU Delft); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The high pulsating demand of fast charging stations (FCS) may cause monthly demand charges to account for a significant fraction of a station's electric bill. To reduce these costs, demand charge management can be applied to suppress peak power demands at FCSs, also using battery energy storage systems (BESS). This paper proposes a multi-objective approach for the optimal BESS and grid-tie sizing in FCS designs using genetic algorithms. With demand data from a FCS in the Netherlands, numerical studies are conducted in the Mosaik and Pymoo environments to assess the effectiveness of the proposed formulation.","Battery energy storage systems; Demand charge management; Electrical vehicles; Fast charging stations; Genetic algorithms; Multi-objective optimizations; NSGA-II","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dce24b99-2a36-49d0-bab4-d247ef73a1d5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dce24b99-2a36-49d0-bab4-d247ef73a1d5","A Multiactive Bridge Converter With Inherently Decoupled Power Flows","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Multiactive bridge converters (MAB) have become a widely-researched candidate for the integration of multiple renewable sources, storage, and loads for a variety of applications, from robust smart grids to more-electric aircraft. Connecting multiple dc ports reduces power conversion stress, improves efficiency, reduces material billing, and increases power density. However, the power flows between the ports of an MAB converter are magnetically coupled via the high-frequency (HF) transformer, making it difficult to control. This article presents an MAB converter configuration with a rigid voltage source on the magnetizing inductance of the transformer resulting in inherently decoupled power flows. As a result, the configuration allows independent power flow control tuning of the rest of the ports. The theory behind the power flow decoupling of the proposed MAB configuration is analyzed in detail using a reduced-order model. A 2-kW, 100-kHz Si-C-based four-port MAB converter laboratory prototype is built and tested, showing completely decoupled control loops with fast transient response regardless of their control bandwidths. The proposed configuration therefore makes the operation and design of theMAB family of converters much more feasible for any number of ports and precludes the need for a high-performance dynamic decoupling controller","DC-DC converter; decoupled power flow management; multiactive-bridge converter; multiwinding transformer","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d382bbdd-4718-406a-89eb-bd6b76d7cdde","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d382bbdd-4718-406a-89eb-bd6b76d7cdde","Stability Region Exploring of Shunt Active Power Filters Based on Output Admittance Modeling","Lei, Jintao (Zhejiang University); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Li, Wuhua (Zhejiang University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); He, Xiangning (Zhejiang University)","","2021","A shunt active power filter (SAPF) is coupled with load admittance in weak grid conditions, which poses a challenge to stability analysis. In this article, the admittance model of the SAPF is developed, which reveals the coupling mechanism between SAPF and load concisely and accurately. On top of that, the stability region of the system is investigated. The passivity region of the load admittance to guarantee the system stability is first explored. However, the passivity region has a very narrowband at a specific frequency, which makes it difficult to achieve. The stability region is then studied and it turns out to be an extension of the passivity region, and especially the narrowband is expanded. Therefore, the stability region is much easier to meet. The stability-oriented design is then summarized in a flowchart. In the end, the effectiveness of the newly defined stability region is verified by experimental results.","Admittance; Harmonic analysis; Impedance; Load modeling; Power harmonic filters; Power system stability; Thermal stability; active power filters; admittance; modeling; stability; Active power filters","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:387e5d23-250f-4d31-9e33-33b5471a30de","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:387e5d23-250f-4d31-9e33-33b5471a30de","Analysis of Partial Discharge Behaviour under Staircase-based Sinusoidal Voltage Waveforms","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Castro Heredia, L.C. (TU Delft ESP LAB); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; DNVGL - KEMA Laboratories); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper presents a comparison in Partial Discharge (PD) behaviour when an air corona setup is subjected to different waveforms, namely an idealized 50 Hz sinusoidal and staircase-based sinusoidal waveforms near inception voltage and at a higher voltage. In this study, it has been observed that the PD repetition rate and the Phase-Resolved PD (PRPD) pattern with the staircase waveform better resemble that of a pure sinusoidal waveform if the number of voltage levels of the staircase waveform is sufficiently increased. When observed more closely at the PRPD pattern near inception voltage, PDs tend to occur near the slope of the staircase waveform, even when the step voltage is small.","Air corona; MMC-based HV test source; Partial Discharges; Staircase waveforms","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9d056d82-4134-40ef-9908-b01ec75b0649","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9d056d82-4134-40ef-9908-b01ec75b0649","Carrier-based Generalized Discontinuous PWM Strategy for Single-Phase Three-Legs Active Power Decoupling Converters","Xu, J. (Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Education); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Education); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Education); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Three-legs active power decoupling (APD) converters are widely studied in the single-phase grid-connected systems to enhance the circuit lifetime by creating an alternative path for the typical existing dc-side power pulsating ripple. Therefore, this reduces the requirement of smoothing dc capacitors allowing compact designs even with the implementation of long life metalized film technology. In this article, to allow enhancement of the system power density by improving power conversion efficiency and thus reducing the requirement of thermal management of the semiconductors, a carrier-based generalized discontinuous PWM strategy is proposed. This method detects the converter ac currents and ac reference voltages to determine the optimum clamped duration in each one of the three bridge-legs, which will minimize the converter overall switching losses. The proposed modulation method is analyzed and validated on a PLECS simulation and a 2 kVA single-phase three-legs APD converter.","Active power decoupling (APD); discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM); single-phase","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d4e1b329-f592-4a77-8571-3ba2e9872144","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d4e1b329-f592-4a77-8571-3ba2e9872144","Radiationless anapole states in on-chip photonics","Díaz-Escobar, Evelyn (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Pinilla-Cienfuegos, Elena (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia); Barreda, Ángela I. (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Friedrich Schiller University Jena); Griol, Amadeu (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Martínez, Alejandro (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia)","","2021","High-index nanoparticles are known to support radiationless states called anapoles, where dipolar and toroidal moments interfere to inhibit scattering to the far field. In order to exploit the striking properties arising from these interference conditions in photonic integrated circuits, the particles must be driven in-plane via integrated waveguides. Here, we address the excitation of electric anapole states in silicon disks when excited on-chip at telecom wavelengths. In contrast to normal illumination, we find that the anapole condition—identified by a strong reduction of the scattering—does not overlap with the near-field energy maximum, an observation attributed to retardation effects. We experimentally verify the two distinct spectral regions in individual disks illuminated in-plane from closely placed waveguide terminations via far-field and near-field measurements. Our finding has important consequences concerning the use of anapole states and interference effects of other Mie-type resonances in high-index nanoparticles for building complex photonic integrated circuitry.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:bad5836d-7cc9-4e4b-b07c-431d314c42e3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bad5836d-7cc9-4e4b-b07c-431d314c42e3","Electrical modeling of cylindrical dielectric elastomer transducers","van Kessel, C.L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; SBM Offshore); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ferreira, Jan Abraham (Power Electronic and EMC group; University of Twente)","","2021","Dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs) are commonly modeled by lumped-element models (LEMs), however such models do not capture the cutoff behavior that manifests at relatively low frequencies due to the high resistivity of the stretchable electrodes. Moreover, the contribution of the electrodes into the lumped series resistance is not accurately known. The aim of this work is to define the accuracy and frequency limits of the LEM and to derive the exact values of its lumped components. This is achieved by developing a detailed three-dimensional distributed-element model (DEM) of the transducer structure. Based thereon, analytical expressions are developed for the LEM components and limits are explored. Through numerical evaluation of the DEM it is found that only two-third of the single-polarity electrode resistance contributes to the lumped series resistance, which is three times lower than predicted by existing models. Comparison between the LEM and DEM further shows that the LEM is adequate for frequencies significantly below the cutoff frequency. Thereafter, capacitance and resistance fall off as a result of signal propagation limitations. This has been experimentally verified. The developed DEM and established validity range of the simple LEM allows for more accurate sensors and better optimized transducers designs, with up to three times less electrode material.","Dielectric elastomer; Distributed element model; Electroactive polymer; Energy harvesting; Generator; Lumped element model; Transducer","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:78aee2b7-a2ab-4e34-b55c-49579c09802f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:78aee2b7-a2ab-4e34-b55c-49579c09802f","Magnon dispersion in bilayers of two-dimensional ferromagnets","Ortmanns, Lara C. (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Chalmers University of Technology; Student TU Delft; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2021","We determine magnon spectra of an atomic bilayer magnet with ferromagnetic intra- and both ferro- and antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. Analytic expressions for the full magnon band of the latter case reveal that both exchange interactions govern the fundamental magnon gap. The inter- and intralayer magnetic ordering are not independent: a stronger ferromagnetic intralayer coupling effectively strengthens the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling as we see from comparison of two bilayer systems. The trivial topology of these exchange-anisotropy spin models without spin-orbit interaction excludes a magnon thermal Hall effect.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:b0149a07-ca67-4ad1-84a5-7a37b981bc4e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0149a07-ca67-4ad1-84a5-7a37b981bc4e","Direct quantification of topological protection in symmetry-protected photonic edge states at telecom wavelengths","Arora, S. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Barczyk, René (AMOLF); Verhagen, Ewold (AMOLF); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2021","Topological on-chip photonics based on tailored photonic crystals (PhCs) that emulate quantum valley-Hall effects has recently gained widespread interest owing to its promise of robust unidirectional transport of classical and quantum information. We present a direct quantitative evaluation of topological photonic edge eigenstates and their transport properties in the telecom wavelength range using phase-resolved near-field optical microscopy. Experimentally visualizing the detailed sub-wavelength structure of these modes propagating along the interface between two topologically non-trivial mirror-symmetric lattices allows us to map their dispersion relation and differentiate between the contributions of several higher-order Bloch harmonics. Selective probing of forward- and backward-propagating modes as defined by their phase velocities enables direct quantification of topological robustness. Studying near-field propagation in controlled defects allows us to extract upper limits of topological protection in on-chip photonic systems in comparison with conventional PhC waveguides. We find that protected edge states are two orders of magnitude more robust than modes of conventional PhC waveguides. This direct experimental quantification of topological robustness comprises a crucial step toward the application of topologically protected guiding in integrated photonics, allowing for unprecedented error-free photonic quantum networks.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:54398231-8938-4574-bec5-bd8c8a1bce08","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54398231-8938-4574-bec5-bd8c8a1bce08","Impact of WTG converter impedance model on harmonic amplification factor of the Dutch 110kV transmission network using a 383MW wind farm case study","Vree, D. (Energy Solutions); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ummels, B.C. (TU Delft Offshore Engineering; Windpark Fryslan)","","2020","In this decade, a significant amount of additional wind and solar power will be integrated in the Dutch high voltage grid. The 383 MW nearshore Wind Park Fryslân is foressen to be connected to the Dutch 110kV grid in 2020 through two 55km cable circuits. To quantify the risks of exceeding emission levels for both the TSO and the wind farm developer, harmonic voltage distortion studies must already be performed at an early phase of the project. Relevant data of wind farm components may not yet be available then and must therefore be estimated including data of the wind turbine generator (WTG). The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of a WTG converter impedance model on the harmonic impedance of the windfarm and subsequent harmonic voltage amplification. For this purpose, an analytical converter harmonic model with tunable parameters has been developed. A sensitivity study was performed in a case study of Wind Park Fryslân to analyse the impact of these parameters on the harmonic amplification at the Point of Connection with the 110 kV grid. The length and amount of array cables were also included in the study. The paper follows a step-wise approach where subsequently wind farm impedance, grid impedance and amplification factor have been calculated. It has been found that the WTG converter impedance model has a significant impact on the harmonic amplification of low harmonic orders (h=2 to h=10). Notably, not taking the converter impedance into account (infinite impedance) will result in both over- as well as underestimation of the harmonic amplification over the mentioned frequency range. It is shown that, when no WTG manufacturer has been selected yet, the analytical converter model provides a valid alternative for performing early-stage harmonic studies.","Harmonic impedance; Harmonic amplification; wind turbine generator; converter model","en","conference paper","Cigré","","","","","This was the CIGRE Session 48 to be held in Paris but was held online due to COVID-19","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:31fc8bf4-a179-4667-a2ac-234572afb25b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:31fc8bf4-a179-4667-a2ac-234572afb25b","Boundaries of Operation for Refurbished Parallel AC–DC Reconfigurable Links in Distribution Grids","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Hybrid ac–dc reconfigurable link technology can find interesting applications in medium-voltage power distribution. These are networks having dc links operating in parallel alongside ac links with post-fault reconfiguration capability. A given system can operate in different configurations while maintaining equivalent capacity during (n−1) contingencies using reconfigurability. This paper provides a method for the ideal selection of the link configuration by defining the efficiency and economic viability boundaries with varying operating power demand and power factor. A sensitivity analysis with parameters such as grid voltage, link length, conductor area, and converter efficiency as well as economic factors such as converter cost and link conductor installation cost is discussed. The study identifies the operating zones wherein the refurbished parallel ac–dc reconfigurable distribution links can be an efficient and economically preferred option of delivering power as compared to a system with only ac or dc links.","Conductors; Power demand; Substations; Economics; Resistance; Power cables; Medium voltage; Capacity enhancement; dc links; distribution network; efficiency; flexible; hybrid AC/DC transmission; medium voltage; reconfiguration","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:aeab31c2-b407-46b5-9cd0-43a05a8a6506","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aeab31c2-b407-46b5-9cd0-43a05a8a6506","A Comprehensive Review of the Integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems Into Distribution Networks","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2020","Recent developments in the electricity sector encourage a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In addition, European policies are pushing for mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to their non-controllable characteristics, these loads have brought new challenges in distribution networks, resulting in increased difficulty for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to guarantee a safe and reliable operation of the grid. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are promising solutions for mitigating the impact of the new loads and RES. In this paper, different aspects of the BESS's integration in distribution grids are reviewed. At first, the physical layer will be considered, focusing on the main battery technologies commercially available and on the power electronics converter. Secondly, the different functionalities that a grid-connected BESS can provide will be investigated, and then its sizing, location and control in distribution network will be discussed. In addition, an overview of actual BESSs installations is given. All in all, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive view of BESSs integration in distribution grids, highlighting the main focus, challenges, and research gaps for each one of these aspects.","DC-AC power converter; distribution network; energy storage","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7fb46b96-e813-46c2-bc6d-80593e2e5a0f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7fb46b96-e813-46c2-bc6d-80593e2e5a0f","Electromechanical dynamics analysis of pole-piece rotors in pseudo direct-drive wind turbine generators","Desmedt, Michiel (Student TU Delft; Greenfish NL); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wani, F.M. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Polinder, H. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics)","","2020","This paper analyses the electromechanical dynamics of the pole-piece rotors in a pseudo direct-drive wind turbine generator. The investigated generator has a rated power of 10 MW and was designed in the INNWIND.EU project. One way coupled finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate the rotor dynamic defections caused by electromagnetic forces in the air gap. Results show that the deflection exceeds the air gap length which is not mechanically feasible. To solve the problem, three structural modifications are proposed and tested in FEA to reduce the pole piece deflection significantly. The results of the three solutions are compared to idenfity the most promising one. It shows that a ribbed rotor piece topology is the most suitable option because it achieves a reasonable tradeoff between the torque generation and mechanical deflection.","Permanent magnet generators; Pseudo direct-drive; Structural dynamics; Wind turbine generator","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-06-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:98421cb4-4e68-4b45-872d-833cddbfd381","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:98421cb4-4e68-4b45-872d-833cddbfd381","Magnon Accumulation in Chirally Coupled Magnets","Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Zhang, Yu Xiang (Aarhus University); Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Zhang, Xiang (TU Delft QN/Blaauboer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2020","We report strong chiral coupling between magnons and photons in microwave waveguides that contain chains of small magnets on special lines. Large magnon accumulations at one edge of the chain emerge when exciting the magnets by a phased antenna array. This mechanism holds the promise of new functionalities in nonlinear and quantum magnonics.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:e17efa7d-34cd-413a-a3c9-1e4bc5ca82ff","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e17efa7d-34cd-413a-a3c9-1e4bc5ca82ff","Resources of nonlinear cavity magnonics for quantum information","Elyasi, M. (Tohoku University); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; Tohoku University)","","2020","We theoretically explore nonlinearities of ferromagnets in microwave cavities in the classical and quantum regimes and assess the resources for quantum information, i.e., fluctuation squeezing and bipartite entanglement. The (semi)classical analysis of the anharmonic oscillator (Duffing) model for the Kittel mode when including all other magnon modes, reveals chaotic and limit-cycle phases that do not survive in quantum calculations. However, magnons with nonzero wave numbers that are driven by the Suhl instability of the Kittel mode, form a genuine limit cycle. We subsequently compute bounds for the distillable entanglement, as well as entanglement of formation for the bipartite configurations of the mixed magnon modes. The former vanishes when obtained from a covariance matrix, but can be recovered by injection locking. The predicted magnon entanglement is experimentally accessible with yttrium iron garnet samples under realistic conditions.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Blanter Group","","",""
"uuid:b051525b-fdee-4bc9-88a9-38b100d6e8cf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b051525b-fdee-4bc9-88a9-38b100d6e8cf","Online Laboratory Sessions for the Education of Electrical Machines and Drives","Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Koeners, G.J.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper presents a method to implement online laboratory sessions for education in Electrical Engineering on subjects related to electrical machines and drives. The assignments for the laboratory sessions consist of: the preparation homework, where students have to study relevant theories; the development of circuit simulations; and the participation on a practical session online. For the latter, the students have to implement remotely various models in a physical setup based on the results of their homework tasks. After taking the assignments, the students should be able to: set up circuit simulations of electrical machines and drives; to implement relevant control of motor drives in a physical setup; and finally, to interpret the differences between the simulation and experiment results. Detailed design of the physical setup, the assignments, the relevant Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities are presented and discussed in this paper. An example and the feedback of applying it in a master level course is presented. The experience gained so far shows that the proposed online laboratory sessions can be used as supplementary educational resource to existing online education platforms.","electrical drives; electrical machines; laboratory setup; massive open online courses; online education","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-01-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1f4373e7-fad7-4570-b872-32a36c3fc980","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1f4373e7-fad7-4570-b872-32a36c3fc980","Comparison of Two and Three-Level DC-AC Converters for a 100 kW Battery Energy Storage System","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2020","This paper discusses a qualitative comparison between Two and Three-Level Voltage Source Converter (VSC) topologies for battery energy storage applications. Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and T-Type circuit topologies are benchmarked versus the state-of-art Two-Level VSC in terms of efficiency and power density considering a 100 kW system. Analytical equations for determining the power losses in the semiconductor modules are given, and the procedure for designing the output LCL filter and the DC-link capacitors is described. The analysis, based on off-the-shelf circuit components, shows that the Three-Level topologies perform better than the Two-Level one in both considered metrics, mainly due to their lower switching losses that allow operating at higher switching frequency without significantly degrading the system efficiency, and, at the same time, increasing the system power density. Additionally, it is found that the T-Type topology shows better performances than the NPC topology at full and high partial loads, being then more suitable for applications that require most of the operation at maximum power.","Battery energy storage systems; Neutral Point Clamped; T-Type; Voltage Source Converter","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:980ff641-afc1-48ea-9fa1-c1393b48efd1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:980ff641-afc1-48ea-9fa1-c1393b48efd1","Auto-resonant Control of the H-Bridge Resonant Converter for Inductive Power Transfer Applications","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Roodenburg, B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In inductive power transfer applications that use resonant compensation networks, the commonly employed H-bridge inverter should be kept operating in soft-switching to ensure high power efficiency and low irradiated electromagnetic noise. To achieve so, the zero-crossing detection circuit for the resonant current or voltage must be fast and accurate in any operating condition. This paper researches the concept of an auto-resonant control for the typical H-bridge resonant converter used in wireless charging systems. In the method proposed here, the reference levels for the zero-crossing detection of the inverter's current are automatically adapted depending on the slope of the current itself at the zero-crossing. In this way, it is possible to compensate for the circuit delay even in the presence of parameters' variation and to ensure that the soft-switching is always maintained. The functionality of this control method is proven first mathematically, and then with circuit simulations. The core steps for the implementation are described with the support of functional blocks. Finally, the system start-up strategy is explained, which uses an auxiliary timed oscillator to modulate the inverter with a fixed 50% duty cycle at a higher frequency than the nominal. This guarantees that the start-up is in the inductive region and, thus, the zero-voltage switching turn-on. Once the detection circuits sense the current flow, the oscillator is automatically disabled, and the nominal power transfer starts.","Control; inductive power transfer; inverter; soft-switching; wireless charging; zero voltage switching","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fccf50da-0979-428d-a9fc-26001a3652c2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fccf50da-0979-428d-a9fc-26001a3652c2","Compensation Network for a 7.7 kW Wireless Charging System that Uses Standardized Coils","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Industrial wireless charging systems use standardized coils to guarantee interoperability between different manufacturers. In combination with these coils, the compensation network can still be designed and optimized. This paper explains the step-by-step design of the compensation network for a 7.7 kW wireless charging system (power class WPT2), which is composed of standardized coils. The compensation network must satisfy the output power and voltage requirements, the soft-switching of the inverter, and the limit of voltage and current stress on the components. The S-S compensation network is found to be unfeasible for those coils, and an optimized double-sided LCC compensation network is designed. The 3-phase grid connection is selected despite the 1-phase one because it gives the lowest total conduction losses. Finally, two parallel SiC MOSFETs C3M0075120K are chosen as inverter's switch because of their low conduction losses. This solution can achieve a payback time within a year with respect to the cheapest one.","Compensation networks; electric vehicles (EVs); inductive power transfer; standardized coils; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-03-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3066a9c8-3bc8-42ba-82c9-f34756f23877","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3066a9c8-3bc8-42ba-82c9-f34756f23877","LCL Filter Design for Three Phase AC-DC Converters Considering Semiconductor Modules and Magnetics Components Performance","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2020","LCL filters are commonly adopted to attenuate the current harmonics produced by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Voltage Source Converters (VSC). Due to the nature of LCL filters, several combinations of L and C can deliver the attenuation required by the standards. The optimal configuration is generally evaluated, considering power density, costs, and filter efficiency. This paper shows that semiconductor efficiency should also be considered as an important design variable. It is shown that the AC ripple across the converter side inductor can reduce, to a certain extent, the overall semiconductor losses, when commercial IGBTs and the respective anti-parallel diodes are used. Reduced losses have benefits in terms of semiconductor module lifetime, chip area and cost reduction, and simplification of cooling requirements. Higher AC ripple, however, negatively affect the filter losses. Nonetheless, inductive components are typically much less critical in terms of losses dissipation and lifetime than semiconductors.","Voltage Source Converter (VSC); Passive filter","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","""Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.""","","2021-12-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7fad4fc2-4dcc-490e-957f-90289b8e3310","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7fad4fc2-4dcc-490e-957f-90289b8e3310","Carrier-Based Modulated Model Predictive Control for Vienna Rectifiers","Xu, Junzhong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Linglin (Huawei Technologies Company Ltd.); Tarisciotti, Luca (Andrés Bello University); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","The implementation of traditional finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) with variable switching frequency in voltage source rectifiers (VSRs) can make the system suffer from poor current harmonics performance. In fact, the resulting wide-spread voltage harmonic generated at the AC terminals makes the design of the typical multi-order AC filtering bulky and prone to control instabilities. This paper proposed a fixed frequency carrier-based modulated model predictive control (CB-MMPC) which is able to overcome these issues. This control strategy aims to improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the AC current waveform without introducing any additional weight factor in the cost function of the optimization routine, while maintaining the typical performance of fast current dynamic response of the FCS-MPC. Herein, the detailed implementation of the proposed CB-MMPC is given, while considering its application to the current feedback control loop of a three-phase three-level Vienna rectifier. Finally, PLECS based simulation results are used to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and to benchmark its performance to the classical FCS-MPC strategy and the conventional application of a current closed loop implementing a proportional-integral(PI)-controller.","MPC (Model-based Predictive Control; Modulation strategy; Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); Voltage Source Converter (VSC); MPC (Model-based Predictive Control)","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5f88e8da-f03a-4df9-9ffe-3e8e207f3760","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5f88e8da-f03a-4df9-9ffe-3e8e207f3760","Model Predictive Control for the Reduction of DC-link Current Ripple in Two-level Three-phase Voltage Source Inverters","Xu, Junzhong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Linglin (Huawei Technologies Company Ltd.); Tarisciotti, Luca (Andrés Bello University); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In the applications of three-phase two-level voltage source inverters (VSIs) relatively large energy storage capacitors are used to absorb the high DC-link current ripples mainly caused by the circulating reactive power, the switched AC phase current flowing to the DC-link, and other dynamic and/or asymmetric operating conditions. Especially for electrolytic capacitor technology the typically high current stress and consequent losses is known to limit the power electronics lifetime, thus the design and selection of this component is critical for the whole system. To alleviate this problem, a new model predictive control (MPC) cost function which enables DC-link capacitor current ripple reduction is proposed in this paper. Based on the DC-link current mathematical model and the available VSI switching states, the future DC current ripple can be predicted, and then the optimized space vectors that best tracks the sinusoidal output current and minimizes the DC-link current ripple are chosen. Compared with conventional DC-link capacitor current reduction methods, the proposed approach has the advantage to incorporate an outstanding fast current control dynamics as well as being of relatively simple implementation because there is no need to adjust the switching signals or space vectors in the modulation as function of operational conditions of the system. Simulation and experimental results are presented verifying the effectiveness of the proposed MPC method.","MPC (Model-based Predictive Control); Modulation strategy; Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); Voltage Source Converter (VSC)","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cb3c2603-a69b-46cd-b634-fa2e998afd70","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb3c2603-a69b-46cd-b634-fa2e998afd70","Impact of Uncontrolled Charging with Mass Deployment of Electric Vehicles on Low Voltage Distribution Networks","Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Refa, Nazir (ElaadNL); Bernards, Raoul (Enexis Netbeheer B.V.)","","2020","This study aims to quantity the impact of uncontrolled charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the low voltage distribution networks with increasing EV penetration levels. For this objective, key indicators are developed to show the magnitude, scale and duration of the impact on the distribution network. The disseminated results are based on the case study with actual data from the existing distribution networks. The findings of this paper can serve as a benchmark for determining the potential of smart EV charging algorithms and/or the extent of necessary infrastructural reinforcement that the grid operators must incorporate.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-02-07","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7f96f241-8057-49fa-b2c5-85c8ccd305a9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7f96f241-8057-49fa-b2c5-85c8ccd305a9","Analysis of Magnetic Field Emissions in Inductive Power Transfer EV Chargers Following Reference Designs in SAE J2954/2019","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper aims to investigate the radiated magnetic field by 11 kW inductive power transfer (IPT) systems used for the charging of electric vehicles. Two reference designs suggested by SAE J2954 are studied. Both designs are analysed to obtain the coils winding currents, and 3D FEM models are built in COMSOL without considering the car chassis, which constitutes a conservative approach. The magnetic field intensity at specific distances from the IPT coupler are calculated. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the respective magnetic field limits defined in the international standards SAE J2954, IEC 61980-1 and ICNIRP. The results show that the magnetic field radiations at 10 meters points are significantly lower than the limits established in the SAE J2954, while the emissions at 0.9 meters points are only slightly below the limits defined by ICNIRP.","inductive power transfer; magnetic field radiation; reference designs; SAE J2954; ICNIRP; IPT standards","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-03-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:58eae467-9c59-46dc-88fa-ab4a134fd31d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:58eae467-9c59-46dc-88fa-ab4a134fd31d","Acoustic Noise Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Electric Vehicle Application","Son, Changbum (Student TU Delft); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper analyses the electromagnetic resulted acoustic noise of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). The influences of electromagnetic nonlinearity, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) and motor frame on the acoustic noise are considered. A finite element model is used to extract the look up tables (LUTs) of flux linkage and air gap electromagnetic force distributions as functions of rotor positions and excitation currents. Based on the generated LUTs, an electrical dynamic model is used to simulate stator current and air gap electromagnetic force waveforms considering PWM. Simulated forces are fed to a lumped parameter mechanical model to predict the acoustic noise of the IPMSM in a wide operation range. In the end, a structural method and a PWM based method are proposed to reduce the noise level of the IPMSM. Simulation results show changing the frame thickness and adopting a different PWM method can effectively mitigate the noisy operating points.","acoustic noise; interior permanent magnet ma-chine; pulse width modulation; vibration","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ddf0a2be-2380-43b8-92b5-3ee62ec5afdf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ddf0a2be-2380-43b8-92b5-3ee62ec5afdf","Guest Editorial: Advances in High Voltage DC Systems/Grids Control, Operation, and Protection","Rouzbehi, Kumars (University of Seville); Mehrizi-Sani, Ali (Virginia Tech); Expósito, Antonio Gómez (University of Seville); Bordons, Carlos (University of Seville); van Hertem, Dirk (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Gharehpetian, Gevork B. (Amirkabir University of Technology); Harnefors, Lennart (ABB Corporate Research Centre); Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","","","en","contribution to periodical","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:140bb213-4295-417d-a07b-fa0c606ca85b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:140bb213-4295-417d-a07b-fa0c606ca85b","Design of Misalignment Tolerant Control for an Inductive Charger with V2G Possibilities","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Since the power transfer efficiency in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems is directly related to the coupling of the transformer, coil misalignment can drastically decrease the efficiency. In this paper a misalignment tolerant control scheme is proposed which tracks the maximum power transfer efficiency point under misalignment. It does this by matching the impedance of the load with respect to the transformer based on an online coupling factor estimation, as well as tracking the resonance of the system. The control scheme is implemented on a series-series compensated system and designed such that it can be operated bidirectionally in the future, however this is not in the scope of this paper. The proposed control results in an overall efficiency improvement of 5% and 23% under 0 and 8 cm misalignment, respectively, compared to a constant rectifier output voltage of 48V.","V2G; bidirectional; inductive power transfer; misalignment; tolerant","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9bfa8719-3e18-4908-8e14-e4cf2ab376ca","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9bfa8719-3e18-4908-8e14-e4cf2ab376ca","Magnetic resonance imaging of spin-wave transport and interference in a magnetic insulator","Bertelli, I. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Universiteit Leiden; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Carmiggelt, J.J. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg); Simon, B.G. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Pothoven, C.C. (TU Delft Servicedesk TNW; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Aarts, J.M. (TU Delft Analysis; Universiteit Leiden); van der Sar, T. (TU Delft QN/vanderSarlab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2020","Spin waves-the elementary excitations of magnetic materials-are prime candidate signal carriers for low-dissipation information processing. Being able to image coherent spin-wave transport is crucial for developing interference-based spin-wave devices. We introduce magnetic resonance imaging of the microwave magnetic stray fields that are generated by spin waves as a new approach for imaging coherent spin-wave transport. We realize this approach using a dense layer of electronic sensor spins in a diamond chip, which combines the ability to detect small magnetic fields with a sensitivity to their polarization. Focusing on a thin-film magnetic insulator, we quantify spin-wave amplitudes, visualize spin-wave dispersion and interference, and demonstrate time-domain measurements of spin-wave packets. We theoretically explain the observed anisotropic spin-wave patterns in terms of chiral spin-wave excitation and stray-field coupling to the sensor spins. Our results pave the way for probing spin waves in atomically thin magnets, even when embedded between opaque materials.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/vanderSarlab","","",""
"uuid:6bd0fae4-ebc1-4459-89dd-f89f84d9592d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6bd0fae4-ebc1-4459-89dd-f89f84d9592d","Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Inductive Power Transfer Employing Variable Compensation Capacitance for Optimum Load Matching","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In inductive power transfer applications, it is possible to ensure high efficiency of the main coils by operating at the optimum load. Since the optimum load depends on the coupling between the main coils, the operation needs to be adapted to match this case at different alignment conditions. This paper proposes a method to keep the optimum load constant by varying the natural resonant frequency of both the primary and secondary circuits of a S-S compensation network. This is possible by changing the value of the compensation capacitors at different alignments. This strategy differs from the ones found in the literature, where the input and the output voltage are changed to always match the optimum load. The proposed concept is proven through circuit simulations of an 11 kW EV battery charging system, and several strategies for the implementation of the variable capacitance are discussed.","Electric vehicles; inductive power transfer; optimum load matching; variable capacitance; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-05-18","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d7659a94-412a-42ef-81bb-fa0c5250c547","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d7659a94-412a-42ef-81bb-fa0c5250c547","Zero Voltage Switching Criteria of Triple Active Bridge Converter","Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Triple active bridge (TAB) as an isolated multiport converter is a promising integrated energy system for smart grids or electric vehicles. This article aims to derive and analyze zero voltage switching (ZVS) regions of TAB, in which both switching losses are reduced, and electromagnetic interference issues are mitigated. In the proposed closed-form solution of ZVS criteria, parameters such as the parasitic capacitance of the switches, the leakage inductance of the transformer, the switching frequency, the port voltage, the phase-shift inside and between the full-bridges are all taken into account. The analysis shows how the five degrees of freedom can be used to maintain ZVS operation in various operating points. The analysis and derived closed-form ZVS criteria are experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype. The derived analytical ZVS criteria are a powerful tool to study and optimize the operation of TAB converters.","Bidirectional power flow; dc-dc converters; smart grids; triple active bridge (TAB); zero voltage switching (ZVS)","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f6b52af7-c02d-4e31-9d0b-ce24b429b136","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f6b52af7-c02d-4e31-9d0b-ce24b429b136","Transformer Current Ringing in Dual Active Bridge Converters","Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shen, Zhan (Aalborg University); Blaabjerg, Frede (Aalborg University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In dual active bridge (DAB) converters, there can be transformer current ringing, especially when the transformer turns ratio is high. It is induced by high dv/dt generated by fast switching as well as the low impedance of the magnetic tank at the high-frequency range. To quantify the influence of the magnetic tank, its impedance model is thoroughly modeled by considering all the parasitic components. It is found that the parasitic capacitors of the magnetics do not equally affect the current ringing, and thereby the critical one is addressed. On top of that, the design guide of the inductor is provided for the mitigation of the current ringing. Additionally, the impact of dv/dt is also studied. The models and analyses are verified on a 2.5-kW DAB prototype.","Current ringing; dual active bridge (DAB) converter; dv/dt; impedance model; magnetic tank","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ae6f20a2-0214-4ae9-a2dc-4b2117e59db3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ae6f20a2-0214-4ae9-a2dc-4b2117e59db3","Decoupling Control of Multiactive Bridge Converters Using Linear Active Disturbance Rejection","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Multiactive bridge (MAB) converter is a promising solution for integrating multiple renewable sources, storage, and loads for various applications. However, the MAB converter is challenging to control due to the inherent coupling between the port power flows. To that end, this article presents a decoupling control strategy based on linear active disturbance rejection control. The proposed controller observes the coupling disturbance using a linear extended state observer and subsequently rejects the observed disturbance resulting in dynamic decoupling. Experiments conducted on a 2-kW 100-kHz Si-C-based four-port MAB converter laboratory prototype illustrate the decoupling performance of the proposed control strategy. Compared to the traditional decoupling control strategy, the proposed approach is decentralized and model independent, only requiring information regarding its order.","Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC); dc-dc converter; decoupled power flow control; disturbance observer; multiactive-bridge (MAB) converter","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3e6e0381-cff3-4b37-b5d3-65a491b162b7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3e6e0381-cff3-4b37-b5d3-65a491b162b7","Energy Storage Sizing and Location in Distribution Networks Considering Overall Grid Performance","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) are promising solutions for mitigating the technical problems created by high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution grids. This paper presents a methodology for the ESS sizing and placement within the distribution networks. Those are found through an optimization routine that considers the impact of the use of storage on voltage regulation and system losses. Several scenarios, varying the load and PV panels power, are investigated. In addition, the impact on the energy storage requirements of a basic residential self-consumption scheme is evaluated. The proposed method has demonstrated to be effective in determining the ESS size in the studied scenarios. Furthermore, the results show that the location that requires the lowest ESS rating does not necessarily offer satisfactory performances in terms of losses reduction and voltage control. Also, the paper shows that by encouraging residential users to self-consume the energy produced by the PV panels installed in their house, the grids ESS requirements can be significantly reduced.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:66eb6cd3-3b08-460b-80d2-9649ccd27cd1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:66eb6cd3-3b08-460b-80d2-9649ccd27cd1","Power Flow Decoupling Controller for Triple Active Bridge Based on Fourier Decomposition of Transformer Currents","Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper proposes a power flows decoupling controller for the triple active bridge converter. The controller is based on a full-order continuous-time model of the TAB converter derived using the generalized average modelling (GAM) technique. GAM uses the Fourier series expansion to decompose the state-space variables into two components, which represent the active power and the reactive power. The controller uses the active power components of the transformer currents to decouple the active power flows between converter ports. Additionally, the implementation of the decoupling controller in the digital domain is detailed in the paper. The decoupling performance of the proposed controller is validated in a hardware experiment.","control; dc microgrid; decoupling; Fourier series; power flow control","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b7f6f930-1d71-4b3d-a109-30add01d1f76","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b7f6f930-1d71-4b3d-a109-30add01d1f76","Quality factor based design guideline for optimized inductive power transfer","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In high-power wireless battery charging that uses inductive power transfer, a considerable amount of power losses are located in the transmitter and receiver coils because they carry high resonant currents and typically have a loose coupling between them which increases eddy current losses. Therefore, the nominal operation needs to be chosen such that the coils' losses are minimized. Additionally, the inverter's semiconductors soft-switching improves both the power conversion efficiency and the electromagnetic compatibility of the system, thus it needs to be safeguarded for a wide operating range. However, depending on the chosen quality factor of the coils, it might happen that the minimum coils' losses and soft-switching are not satisfied at the same time. This paper defines a guideline on the parametric selection of the coils' quality factor such that the optimum operation of both the coils and the resonant converter can be achieved simultaneously. This parametric guideline is proposed for resonant converters implementing the four basic compensation networks: series-series, series-parallel, parallel-series, and parallel-parallel. Finally, circuit examples are provided for an 11 kW wireless battery charging system.","Compensation networks; EV battery charging; Inductive power transfer; Quality factor; Wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e88edd29-0e9b-4683-974c-0312f5be4bd9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e88edd29-0e9b-4683-974c-0312f5be4bd9","Noncontact Spin Pumping by Microwave Evanescent Fields","Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2020","The angular momentum of evanescent light fields has been studied in nano-optics and plasmonics but not in the microwave regime. Here we predict noncontact pumping of electron spin currents in conductors by the evanescent stray fields of excited magnetic nanostructures. The coherent transfer of the photon to the electron spin is proportional to the g factor, which is large in narrow gap semiconductors and surface states of topological insulators. The spin pumping current is chiral when the spin susceptibility displays singularities that indicate collective states. However, 1D systems with linear dispersion at the Fermi energy, such as metallic carbon nanotubes, are an exception since spin pumping is chiral even without interactions.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:c4646dda-b82c-4c01-b3db-311566d3aafb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c4646dda-b82c-4c01-b3db-311566d3aafb","Angular momentum conservation and phonon spin in magnetic insulators","Rückriegel, Andreas (Universiteit Utrecht); Streib, S.D. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Duine, Rembert A. (Universiteit Utrecht; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Eindhoven University of Technology)","","2020","We develop a microscopic theory of spin-lattice interactions in magnetic insulators, separating rigid-body rotations and the internal angular momentum, or spin, of the phonons, while conserving the total angular momentum. In the low-energy limit, the microscopic couplings are mapped onto experimentally accessible magnetoelastic constants. We show that the transient phonon spin contribution of the excited system can dominate over the magnon spin, leading to nontrivial Einstein-de Haas physics.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:84aa2a53-2958-4432-8979-5f89e7b3b684","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:84aa2a53-2958-4432-8979-5f89e7b3b684","Coherent pumping of high-momentum magnons by light","Šimić, Fran (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2020","We propose and model a method to excite a large number of coherent magnons with high momentum in optical cavities. This is achieved by two counterpropagating optical modes that are detuned by the frequency of a selected magnon, similar to stimulated Raman scattering. In submillimeter-size yttrium iron garnet spheres, a milliwatt laser input power generates 106-108 coherent magnons. The large magnon population enhances Brillouin light scattering, a probe suitable to access their quantum properties.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:168648fa-d387-42ff-8d4f-342883a13e12","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:168648fa-d387-42ff-8d4f-342883a13e12","Chiral coupling of magnons in waveguides","Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Zhang, Xiang (TU Delft QN/Blaauboer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2020","We theoretically investigate the collective excitations of multiple (sub)millimeter-sized ferromagnets mediated by waveguide photons. By the position of the magnets in the waveguide, the magnon-photon coupling can be tuned to be chiral, i.e., magnons only couple with photons propagating in one direction, leading to an asymmetric transfer of angular momentum and energy between the magnets. A large enhancement of the magnon number population can be achieved at an edge of a long chain of magnets. The chain also supports standing waves with low radiation efficiency that are inert to the chirality.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:03e83c1f-ae35-47e6-873e-438b99177278","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:03e83c1f-ae35-47e6-873e-438b99177278","The long road to universal electrification: A critical look at present pathways and challenges","Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft Management Support; TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Popovic-Gerber, Jelena (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2020","Nearly 840 million people still lack access to electricity, while over a billion more have an unreliable electricity connection. In this article, the three different electrification pathways-grid extension, centralized microgrids, and standalone solar-based solutions, such as pico-solar and solar home systems (SHS)-are critically examined while understanding their relative merits and demerits. Grid extension can provide broad scale access at low levelized costs but requires a certain electricity demand threshold and population density to justify investments. To a lesser extent, centralized (off-grid) microgrids also require a minimum demand threshold and knowledge of the electricity demand. Solar-based solutions are the main focus in terms of off-grid electrification in this article, given the equatorial/tropical latitudes of the un(der-)electrified regions. In recent times, decentralized solar-based off-grid solutions, such as pico-solar and SHS, have shown the highest adoption rates and promising impetus with respect to basic lighting and electricity for powering small appliances. However, the burning question is-from lighting a million to empowering a billion-can solar home systems get us there?The two main roadblocks for SHS are discussed, and the requirements from the ideal electrification pathway are introduced. A bottom-up, interconnected SHS-based electrification pathway is proposed as the missing link among the present electrification pathways.","Microgrids; Multi-tier framework; Rural electrification; SDG 7; Solar home systems","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","Management Support","","",""
"uuid:856e4cc4-b10f-4682-8229-c105223e227d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:856e4cc4-b10f-4682-8229-c105223e227d","Grid sense multiple access: A decentralized control algorithm for DC grids","van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Spaan, M.T.J. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Due to the distributed nature of future electrical power systems, decentralized control is essential for these grids. This paper shows that converters that have identical voltage thresholds switch off simultaneously even if some could have remained operational. Therefore, inadequate system and energy utilization can occur when decentralized demand or supply response is utilized. The Grid Sense Multiple Acces (GSMA) algorithm proposed in this paper ensures that, after a change occurs in the system, a subset of the converters remains connected to the grid, without the need of utilizing any form of communication. This is achieved by introducing an exponential backoff time between failed connection attempts. Furthermore, several simulations and experiments are conducted to illustrate and validate the behavior of the GSMA algorithm, showing that it can be applied to dc grids in order to improve system and energy utilization.","Algorithm; Control; Dc grids; Decentralized; Energy utilization","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dbf35906-b4fc-4705-94ce-579c875bdd3b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dbf35906-b4fc-4705-94ce-579c875bdd3b","Real-time building smart charging system based on PV forecast and Li-Ion battery degradation","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper proposes a two-stage smart charging algorithm for future buildings equipped with an electric vehicle, battery energy storage, solar panels, and a heat pump. The first stage is a non-linear programming model that optimizes the charging of electric vehicles and battery energy storage based on a prediction of photovoltaïc (PV) power, building demand, electricity, and frequency regulation prices. Additionally, a Li-ion degradation model is used to assess the operational costs of the electric vehicle (EV) and battery. The second stage is a real-time control scheme that controls charging within the optimization time steps. Finally, both stages are incorporated in a moving horizon control framework, which is used to minimize and compensate for forecasting errors. It will be shown that the real-time control scheme has a significant influence on the obtained cost reduction. Furthermore, it will be shown that the degradation of an electric vehicle and battery energy storage system are non-negligible parts of the total cost of energy. However, despite relatively high operational costs, V2G can still be cost-effective when controlled optimally. The proposed solution decreases the total cost of energy with 98.6% compared to an uncontrolled case. Additionally, the financial benefits of vehicle-to-grid and operating as primary frequency regulation reserve are assessed.","Battery degradation; Electric vehicle; Li-ion; Moving horizon window; Real-time; Smart charging; V2G; Vehicle to grid","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1516060c-47f8-4a08-87cb-e656f1e80a34","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1516060c-47f8-4a08-87cb-e656f1e80a34","Detection of Metallic Foreign Objects and Electric Vehicles Using Auxiliary Coil Sets for Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Systems","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper proposes a new method of electric vehicles detection (EVD) and foreign objects detection (FOD) for dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems. The proposed detection method applies both passive coil sets (PCSs) and active coil sets (ACSs) to achieve both EVD and FOD with a high detection sensitivity. The operation mechanisms and design of the detection coil sets topology and resonant circuits are elaborated. Finally, both circuit and magnetic field simulation are carried out. The results verify the feasibility and sensitivity of the proposed detection method.","dynamic inductive power transfer; electric vehicles detection; foreign objects detection; resonant circuits","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-01-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4d8dc95d-4c76-4978-a36a-22b755405473","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d8dc95d-4c76-4978-a36a-22b755405473","Decentralized plug-and-play protection scheme for low voltage DC grids","van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Spaan, M.T.J. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Since the voltages and currents in dc grids do not have a natural zero-crossing, the protection of these grids is more challenging than the protection of conventional ac grids. Literature presents several unit and non-unit protection schemes that rely on communication, or knowledge about the system's topology and parameters in order to achieve selective protection in these grids. However, communication complicates fast fault detection and interruption, and a system's parameters are subject to uncertainty and change. This paper demonstrates that, in low voltage dc grids, faults propagate fast through the grid and interrupted inductive currents commutate to non-faulted sections of the grid, which both can cause circuit breakers in non-faulted sections to trip. A decentralized plug-and-play protection scheme is proposed that ensures selectivity via an augmented solid-state circuit breaker topology and by utilizing the proposed time-current characteristic. It is experimentally shown that the proposed scheme provides secure and selective fault interruption for radial and meshed low voltage dc grids under various conditions.","Decentralized protection scheme; Fault analysis; Low voltage direct current grids; Plug-and-play systems; Solid-state circuit breakers","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:080940eb-4bf6-4dbc-92ab-76cc787c87b2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:080940eb-4bf6-4dbc-92ab-76cc787c87b2","On the Importance of Tracking the Negative-Sequence Phase-Angle in Three-Phase Inverters with Double Synchronous Reference Frame Current Control","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","A voltage imbalance at the AC terminals of a three-phase inverter creates a ripple in the power signal on the DC side. In order to minimize this ripple, several techniques can be applied, in which a double Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) current control structure is very typical. In this approach, both the positive and negative sequence currents are controlled. This technique has been shown to have an adequate response against imbalances; however, this paper shows that in the typical implementation of the double SRF control, the output AC pq instantaneous powers will have a constant error due to the phase-angle misalignment of the negative sequence with the positive sequence. Based on mathematical formulations and simulation results, this paper shows that this AC-power error exists, and that it is due to the above reason. In order to overcome this, this paper proposes to have a phase-tracking system that specifically follows the negative sequence phase-angle. The results show that this implementation is able to properly control the output AC power.","Converter; double Synchronous Reference Frame; Dual current control; Negative sequence; Phase-Locked Loop","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d78fc3ce-8355-474d-80f8-c40aed82b846","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d78fc3ce-8355-474d-80f8-c40aed82b846","Sustainable e-bike charging station that enables ac, dc andwireless charging from solar energy","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Jamodkar, Ajay (Student TU Delft); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Isabella, O. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices)","","2020","If electric vehicles have to be truly sustainable, it is essential to charge them from sustainable sources of electricity, such as solar or wind energy. In this paper, the design of solar powered e-bike charging station that provides AC, DC and wireless charging of e-bikes is investigated. The charging station has integrated battery storage that enables for both grid-connected and off-grid operation. The DC charging uses the DC power from the photovoltaic panels directly for charging the e-bike battery without the use of an AC charging adapter. For the wireless charging, the e-bike can be charged through inductive power transfer via the bike kickstand (receiver) and a specially designed tile (transmitter) at the charging station, which provides maximum convenience to the user.","Battery charger; Electric bike; Electric vehicle; Photovoltaic system; Power converter; Wireless power transfer","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:533164f2-d2d1-46e0-83b2-5e6c93a8d5db","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:533164f2-d2d1-46e0-83b2-5e6c93a8d5db","Offline Reconfigurability Based Substation Converter Sizing for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Links","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Hybrid ac-dc distribution systems with multiple parallel operating ac and dc links are being developed to maximize system capacity during (n-1) contingencies. This paper shows that offline reconfigurability between such ac and dc links post-fault clearance allows an additional design flexibility of reducing the required substation converter rating to maintain the same required capacity by maximizing the utilization of healthy infrastructure. The associated variation of system capacity with power rating and number of substation converters is determined for different types of component faults. It is discussed that while converter downsizing is possible, as a consequence the parallel ac-dc link system is forced to operate at a sub-optimal efficiency during normal conditions. Using case studies, the economics of this trade-off is quantified for determining the optimal de-rating factor for varying grid voltage, link length, and conductor area.","Capacity enhancement; dc links; distribution network; efficiency; expansion; flexible; medium voltage; reconfiguration; reinforcement; reliability","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:15d46b6e-2d35-433b-a5f8-5ab7e5a36e2d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:15d46b6e-2d35-433b-a5f8-5ab7e5a36e2d","Unidirectional Pumping of Phonons by Magnetization Dynamics","Zhang, Xiang (TU Delft QN/Blaauboer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University); Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg)","","2020","We propose a method to control surface phonon transport by weak magnetic fields based on the pumping of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) by magnetostriction. We predict that the magnetization dynamics of a nanowire on top of a dielectric films injects SAWs with opposite angular momenta into opposite directions. Two parallel nanowires form a phononic cavity that at magnetic resonances pump a unidirectional SAW current into half of the substrate.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Blaauboer Group","","",""
"uuid:361b2bb6-7480-4baa-93a9-f0534e3c23b1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:361b2bb6-7480-4baa-93a9-f0534e3c23b1","Ultrafast spinning twisted ribbons of confined electric fields","Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Khonina, Svetlana N. (Russian Academy of Sciences; Samara National Research University, Samara); Golub, Ilya (Algonquin College); Leuchs, Gerd (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Banzer, Peter (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg)","","2020","Topological properties of light attract tremendous attention in the optics communities and beyond. For instance, light beams gain robustness against certain deformations when carrying topological features, enabling intriguing applications. We report on the observation of a topological structure contained in an optical beam, i.e., a twisted ribbon formed by the electric field vector per se, in stark contrast to recently reported studies dealing with topological structures based on the distribution of the time averaged polarization ellipse. Moreover, our ribbons are spinning in time at a frequency given by the optical frequency divided by the total angular momentum of the incoming beam. The number of full twists of the ribbon is equal to the orbital angular momentum of the longitudinal component of the employed light beam upon tight focusing, which is a direct consequence of spin-to-orbit coupling. We study this angular-momentum-transfer-assisted generation of the twisted ribbon structures theoretically and experimentally for tightly focused circularly polarized beams of different vorticity, paving the way to tailored topologically robust excitations of novel coherent light-matter states.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:e64b3d1a-cd3d-4605-ad3c-01054cd4db57","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e64b3d1a-cd3d-4605-ad3c-01054cd4db57","Nonreciprocal coherent coupling of nanomagnets by exchange spin waves","Wang, Hanchen (Beihang University); Chen, Jilei (Beihang University); Yu, T. (Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg); Liu, Chuanpu (Beihang University); Guo, Chenyang (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Liu, Song (Southern University of Science and Technology); Shen, Ka (Beijing Normal University); Jia, Hao (Southern University of Science and Technology); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)","","2020","Nanomagnets are widely used to store information in non-volatile spintronic devices. Spin waves can transfer information with low-power consumption as their propagations are independent of charge transport. However, to dynamically couple two distant nanomagnets via spin waves remains a major challenge for magnonics. Here we experimentally demonstrate coherent coupling of two distant Co nanowires by fast propagating spin waves in an yttrium iron garnet thin film with sub-50 nm wavelengths. Magnons in two nanomagnets are unidirectionally phase-locked with phase shifts controlled by magnon spin torque and spin-wave propagation. The coupled system is finally formulated by an analytical theory in terms of an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Our results are attractive for analog neuromorphic computing that requires unidirectional information transmission. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]","coherent coupling; nanomagnets; nonreciprocity; spin waves; spintronics","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2021-12-28","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:a5df816b-6086-43d8-b22d-3e62c8b9b441","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5df816b-6086-43d8-b22d-3e62c8b9b441","Power Electronic Topologies of Drag Power Kites","Bauer, Florian (Technical University of Munich); Börngen, Hannes (Technical University of Munich); Kennel, Ralph M. (Technical University of Munich)","","2019","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:896ec55f-c666-401e-bc4e-93d259332efb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:896ec55f-c666-401e-bc4e-93d259332efb","Future emerging technologies in the wind power sector: A European perspective","Watson, S.J. (TU Delft Wind Energy); Moro, Alberto (European Commission); Reis, Vera (European Commission); Baniotopoulos, Charalampos (University of Birmingham); Barth, Stephan (Centre for Wind Energy Research ForWind); Bartoli, Gianni (University of Florence); Bauer, Florian (Technische Universität München); Jamieson, Peter (University of Strathclyde); Schmehl, R. (TU Delft Wind Energy)","","2019","This paper represents an expert view from Europe of future emerging technologies within the wind energy sector considering their potential, challenges, applications and technology readiness and how they might evolve in the coming years. These technologies were identified as originating primarily from the academic sector, some start-up companies and a few larger industrial entities. The following areas were considered: airborne wind energy, offshore floating concepts, smart rotors, wind-induced energy harvesting devices, blade tip-mounted rotors, unconventional power transmission systems, multi-rotor turbines, alternative support structures, modular high voltage direct current generators, innovative blade manufacturing techniques, diffuser-augmented turbines and small turbine technologies. The future role of advanced multiscale modelling and data availability is also considered. This expert review has highlighted that more research will be required to realise many of these emerging technologies. However, there is a need to identify synergies between fundamental and industrial research by correctly targeting public and private funding in these emerging technology areas as industrial development may outpace more fundamental research faster than anticipated.","Emerging technology; Renewable energy; Technology readiness level; Wind energy; Wind power","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Wind Energy","","",""
"uuid:222bb71a-1f9a-4f42-9048-eff06b6fa561","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:222bb71a-1f9a-4f42-9048-eff06b6fa561","Online parameter estimation of PMSM in EV powertrain Including thermal measurements","Zwartbol, Arnout (Student TU Delft); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Polinder, H. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics)","","2019","This paper proposes an online motor-parameter-estimator for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain. The proposed method uses a recursive least squares filter approach in combination with the discrete time dynamic voltage equations. Stator resistance estimation is decoupled from the estimator using thermal measurements. Compared to conventional approach, the proposed method is more reliable and less noisy since it does not rely on the low contribution of stator resistance in the voltage equation. Both simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the proposed method. A sensitivity analysis shows the approach is robust against rotor position error.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dc1ecc13-eb2d-4b5e-9000-005c6e171f5f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc1ecc13-eb2d-4b5e-9000-005c6e171f5f","Metrology for Inductive Charging of Electric Vehicles (MICEV)","Zucca, Mauro (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica); Bottauscio, Oriano (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica); Harmon, Stuart (National Physical Laboratory); Guilizzoni, Roberta (National Physical Laboratory); Schilling, Florian (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt); Schmidt, Matthias (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt); Ankarson, Peter (Research Institutes of Sweden RISE); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","The European Union funded project MICEV aims at improving the traceability of electrical and magnetic measurement at charging stations and to better assess the safety of this technology with respect to human exposure. The paper describes some limits of the instrumentation used for electrical measurements in the charging stations, and briefly presents two new calibration facilities for magnetic field meters and electric power meters. Modeling approaches for the efficiency and human exposure assessment are proposed. In the latter case, electromagnetic computational codes have been combined with dosimetric computational codes making use of highly detailed human anatomical phantoms in order to establish human exposure modeling real charging stations. Detailed results are presented for light vehicles where, according to our calculations, the concern towards human exposure is limited. Currently, the project has reached half way point (about 18 months) and will end in August 2020.","Dosimetry; Energy efficiency; Inductive charging; Magnetic fields; Metrology; Safety","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-19","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cdaa5062-9a7b-4580-959f-10539560efcf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdaa5062-9a7b-4580-959f-10539560efcf","Number of Levels, Arm Inductance and Modulation Trade-offs for High Power Medium Voltage Grid-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","There is an increasing focus on integrating flexible dc links for bulk power routing in medium voltage distribution grids. In such applications, the ac-dc Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) devised for medium voltage and high-power ratings can be an interesting choice. This paper highlights some less explored design trade-offs arising due to the limitation on N in relation to modulation frequency and arm inductance. Specifically, the study intends to describe the interdependent influence of each degree of freedom on several aspects such as capacitor voltage balancing, circulating currents and harmonic performance. Finally, the importance of considering interhar-monies in the performance assessment of the MMC instead of the conventional interpretation of distortion calculation is highlighted.","Capacitor voltage balancing; Circulating current; Design steps; Grid-connected; Harmonic performance; Optimal submodules","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:0fecad0d-54e6-4f73-afdc-776e61f26c9b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fecad0d-54e6-4f73-afdc-776e61f26c9b","Zero Sequence Currents Externally Circulating between the Back to Back Modular Multilevel Converters in Parallel AC-DC Distribution Links","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","During the operation of a three line ac link in parallel with a ac-dc-ac link system that employs Back-to-Back (B2B)Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), a path for the low frequency zero sequence currents is shown to exist. Apart from causing additional losses, these currents can result in limitations on power capacity. A detailed analysis on the influence of cell capacitance, arm inductance and link conductor length on the circulating zero sequence currents and the means to mitigate them through a simulated control strategy is investigated. The simulations show that the dc link employing B2B-MMC can successfully operate in parallel with ac link without transformer isolation by controlling the zero sequence currents.","AC/DC converter; Circulating current control; Common dc and ac buses; Common mode current; Parallel connected; Zero-sequence circulating current","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1307aef3-331a-4814-8126-09ee0eae1359","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1307aef3-331a-4814-8126-09ee0eae1359","Chamulteon: Coordinated Auto-Scaling of Micro-Services","Bauer, André (University of Würzburg); Lesch, Veronika (University of Würzburg); Versluis, L.F.D. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Ilyushkin, A.S. (TU Delft Dataintensive Systems); Herbst, Nikolas (University of Würzburg); Kounev, Samuel (University of Würzburg)","Guerrero, J.E. (editor)","2019","Nowadays, in order to keep track of the fast-changing requirements of Internet applications, auto-scaling is used as an essential mechanism for adapting the number of provisioned resources to the resource demand. The straightforward approach is to deploy a set of common and opensource single-service auto-scalers for each service independently. However, this deployment leads to problems such as bottleneckshifting and increased oscillations. Existing auto-scalers that scale applications consisting of multiple services are kept closed-source. To face these challenges, we first survey existing auto-scalers and highlight current challenges. Then, we introduce Chamulteon, a redesign of our previously introduced mechanism, which can scale applications consisting of multiple services in a coordinated manner. We evaluate Chamulteon against four different wellcited auto-scalers in four sets of measurement-based experiments where we use diverse environments (VM vs. Docker), real-world traces, and vary the scale of the demanded resources. Overall, Chamulteon achieves the best auto-scaling performance based on established user-oriented and endorsed elasticity metrics.","Auto-Scaling; Benchmarking; Cloud Computing; Container; Elasticity; Metrics; Service Demand Estimation; Workload Forecasting","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","Dataintensive Systems","","",""
"uuid:c784380c-af4e-48f9-96a8-8836ad87f2a3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c784380c-af4e-48f9-96a8-8836ad87f2a3","Selecting a suitable battery technology for the photovoltaic battery integrated module","Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; University of Costa Rica); Hanif, Ali (Student TU Delft); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","The use of batteries is indispensable in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the physical integration of a battery pack and a PV panel in one device enables this concept while easing the installation and system scaling. However, the influence of high temperatures is one of the main challenges of placing a solar panel close to a battery pack. Therefore, this paper aims to select a suitable battery technology considering the temperature of operation and the expected current profiles. The methodology for battery selection is composed of a literature review, an integrated model, the design of an application-based testing, and the execution of the aging test. The integrated model was employed to choose among the battery technologies, and to design a testing procedure that simulated the operational conditions of the PV-battery Integrated Module (PBIM). Two Li-ion pouch cells were tested at two representative temperatures while applying various charging/discharging profiles. After the testing, the LiFePO4 (LFP) cells showed better performance when compared to LiCoO2 batteries (LCO), where for instance, the LCO cells capacity tested at 45∘C, faded 2,45% more than the LFP cells at the same testing conditions. Therefore, LFP cells are selected as a suitable option to be part of the PBIM.","Aging; Battery selection; Li-ion; PV-Battery integration; Testing","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ba9ff312-9c9c-41cf-b9cf-fc74a64c337d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ba9ff312-9c9c-41cf-b9cf-fc74a64c337d","Survey on Standards and Regulations for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In the next decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) for private use is predicted to increase considerably. Charging the EVs through wireless power transfer (WPT), i.e. wireless charging, has the potential to shorten charging duration of EVs batteries through dynamic charging and it would also improve the safety of static charging in case of wet weather conditions. From 2015, standards and regulations have been released such that common constraints can be defined. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of these regulations before designing an EV wireless charging system, such that it can become an actual application. This paper focuses on the available regulations and standards on EVs charging through WPT. These regulations are explained individually and then, they are compared and discussed mainly in terms of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and exposure of humans to the radiated magnetic field limits. To gain a better understanding, a quantitative and qualitative interpretation of these limits is also given.","Electric Vehicles; Electromagnetic compatibility; Electromagnetic field human exposure; Regulations; Standards; Wireless Power Transfer","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-19","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6f91416b-e39c-4b78-aae6-f9bc0410a813","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6f91416b-e39c-4b78-aae6-f9bc0410a813","Control of a Drag Power Kite over the Entire Wind Speed Range","Bauer, Florian (Technische Universität München); Petzold, Daniel (Technische Universität München); Kennel, Ralph M. (Technische Universität München); Campagnolo, Filippo (Technische Universität München); Schmehl, R. (TU Delft Wind Energy)","","2019","A control scheme for drag power kites, also known as airborne wind turbines, for the entire wind speed range is proposed, including 1) a temperature controller allowing for temporary overloading of the powertrain; 2) a limitation controller ensuring that power, force, speed, and actuator constraints are satisfied; 3) a tangential flight speed controller; and 4) a tangential force control allocation, which inverts the nonline arities of the plant and allocates the flight speed controller’s tangential force demand to the available actuators. The drag power kite plant model is based on a point-mass model and a simple aerodynamics model with various drag contributions. Simulations are conducted with the parameters of the 20 kW Wing 7 developed by Makani Power, Inc. The proper working of the control scheme is indicated by the good match of the simulation results with independent simulation results and measurements published by Makani. A temporary overloading of the power train with about twice the nominal power can be concluded as a requirement; otherwise the mean power would be significantly lower. Because of the reduction of the lift and thus reduction of the centripetal force at high wind speeds, the inside-down figure eight can be concluded as the best pattern.","","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-01","","","Wind Energy","","",""
"uuid:e547d269-d901-426c-a879-6dd1a5c9011a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e547d269-d901-426c-a879-6dd1a5c9011a","Comparison of Optimized Chargepads for Wireless EV Charging Application","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Inductive power transfer (IPT) is becoming increasingly popular in stationary electric vehicle charging systems. In this paper, the influence of the different IPT coupler geometries on the performance factors efficiency, power density, misalignment tolerance, and stray field is studied. Five different cou-pler topologies namely the circular, rectangular, double-D (DD-DD) and the double-D transmitter with double-D-Quadrature receiver (DD-DDQ) are considered in this study. The electromagnetic behavior of the couplers is modeled using three-dimensional finite element analysis. To ensure a fair quantitative comparison, a multi-objective optimization framework is developed to analyze the Pareto trade-offs between conflicting performance metrics like power densities, efficiencies, and misalignment tolerance for all the considered coupler topologies.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:224439cd-0a0c-4a9d-ba5f-fcdc8f30def4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:224439cd-0a0c-4a9d-ba5f-fcdc8f30def4","Output Impedance Modelling and Sensitivity Study of Grid-Feeding Inverters with Dual Current Control","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In this paper, the output impedance of a three-phase inverter based on a dual current control (also called double synchronous reference frame current control) is modelled, which includes: the current loop gain, the control delay, and the Phase-
Locked Loop (PLL). The impact of these parameters on the impedance is then analysed by a sensitivity study. The model is derived using transfer matrices and complex transfer functions, and it results in a compact impedance formulation that can be used in harmonic small-signal stability studies and system-wide steady-state harmonic calculations.","Double synchronous reference frame; Dual current control; Impedance; Inverter; Small-signal model","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9b258642-6d23-4ae1-87c1-b9b8203e9d6e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9b258642-6d23-4ae1-87c1-b9b8203e9d6e","Index-symmetry breaking of polarization vortices in 2D random vector waves","de Angelis, L. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschap (KNAW)); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Alpeggiani, F. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2019","When the positions of two generic singularities of equally signed topological index coincide, a higher-order singularity with twice the index is created. In general, singularities tend to repel each other when sharing the same topological index, preventing the creation of such higher-order singularities in 3D generic electromagnetic fields. Here, we demonstrate that in 2D random vector waves higher-order polarization singularities—known as polarization vortices—can occur, and we present their spatial correlation. These polarization vortices arise from the overlap of two points of circular polarization (C points) with the same topological index. We observe that polarization vortices of positive index occur more frequently than their negative counterparts, which results in an index-symmetry breaking unprecedented in singular optics. To corroborate our findings, we analyze the spatial correlation of C points in relation to their line classification and link the symmetry breaking to the allowed dipolar and quadrupolar moments of the field at a polarization vortex.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:62b1ac94-b8b2-4179-89d5-b78143f9de60","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:62b1ac94-b8b2-4179-89d5-b78143f9de60","Design, modelling and evaluation of a GaN based motor drive for a solar car","Wang, Lu (Student TU Delft); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In recent years, electrical vehicle (EV) starts showing its unique advantages that the conventional combustion vehicles do not have. Together with the increasing interests on EV, the motor drive with higher efficiency and lighter weight also becomes more attractive. A promising solution is to apply the wide band gap (WBG) components including gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) in the motor drive. Thus, the performance of the GaN, SiC and Si based motor drive in this application are compared. Besides, as the current maximum current rating of the GaN and SiC MOSFET is limited and insufficient to satisfy the large phase current in the acceleration and braking process, the inverter topology that adds the parallel MOSFETs in one position is considered. To reduce the time and cost for the development, this paper proposes the modelling of the motor drive, with which the voltage and current stress, power loss, thermal and electromagnetic performance can all be evaluated. The modelling to be introduced consists of the 1-D power loss, simplified thermal modelling of the motor drive and the 3-D modelling of the electromagnetic performance, detailed thermal performance of the motor drive. In the 3-D modelling, to make the heat transfer simulation closer to the realistic, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is used to evaluated the heat transfer coefficient on the surface with forced air-cooling.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:92ca04ed-7adf-4998-ad70-3613a67bc2ac","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:92ca04ed-7adf-4998-ad70-3613a67bc2ac","Partially Rated Power Flow Control Converter Modeling for Low Voltage DC Grids","Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Scalable and robust low-voltage direct current (LVdc) distribution networks require solutions, allowing flexible power flow control and reliable short-circuit protection. In this paper, the continuous full-order large-and small-signal models of a partially rated power flow control converter (PFCC) are derived utilizing the generalized averaging method. The large-signal model of the PFCC is coupled with a model of the LVdc grid. Due to the state-space representation, the combined model of the PFCC and the LVdc grid is suitable for easy algorithmization, and efficient simulation. These advantages make them essential tools for studying and optimizing of scalable LVdc systems with decentralized power flow control based on the PFCC. The PFCC models provide insights into controller design and stability analysis. The models are experimentally validated, and the functionality of the PFCC is demonstrated in a laboratory-scale microgrid.","Direct current; low voltage; microgrid; modeling; power flow control","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ac213d8a-e4c3-42c7-bf00-a903776f1545","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac213d8a-e4c3-42c7-bf00-a903776f1545","Techno-economical Model based Optimal Sizing of PV-Battery Systems for Microgrids","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Microgrid with integrated photo-voltaics (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) is a promising technology for future residential applications. Optimally sizing the PV system and BSS can maximise self-sufficiency, grid relief, and at the same time can be cost-effective by exploiting tariff incentives. To that end, this paper presents a comprehensive optimisation model for the sizing of PV, battery, and grid converter for a microgrid system considering multiple objectives like energy autonomy, power autonomy, payback period, and capital costs. The proposed approach involves developing a holistic techno-economic microgrid model based on variables like PV system power, azimuth angle, battery size, converter ratings, capital investment and electricity tariffs. The proposed method is applied to determine the optimum capacity of a PV system and BSS for two case residential load profiles in the Netherlands and Texas, US to investigate the effect of meteorological conditions on the relative size of PV and battery. Based on the optimisation results, thumb rules for optimal system sizing are derived to facilitate microgrid design engineers during the initial design phase.","Batteries; microgrids; optimal sizing, particle swarm optimisation; renewable energy; techno-economical analysis","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-06","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bdde9a37-f249-4ec6-8d61-b7f17f41b3cc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bdde9a37-f249-4ec6-8d61-b7f17f41b3cc","Comparative Study of Foreign Object and Misalignment in Inductive Power Transfer Systems","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","This paper aims to identify the difference between foreign object (FO) and misalignment in terms of their influence on inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. This is performed through magnetic and equivalent circuit analysis of the mutual inductance, primary input impedance, charging pad terminal impedance and current harmonics. Experiment measurements on an IPT prototype are carried out to verify the analysis. It is found that: the charging pad terminal impedance under FO condition has a more pronounced decrement than that of misalignment; the mutual inductance under FO condition shows negative correlation with frequency, while positive for misalignment; the absolute value of the input impedance is decreased by FO and increased by misalignment; the influence of FO and misalignment on the THD of the input current is minimal. Finally, it is possible to detect FO and distinguish it from misalignment, through the variation of the primary pad terminal inductance, as well as the frequency dependence of the primary input impedance and the mutual inductance.","current harmonics; foreign objects; inductive power transfer; misalignment; wireless power transfer","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5b4a2a42-614c-4517-81d8-c7dd01830683","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b4a2a42-614c-4517-81d8-c7dd01830683","Intercalating Electron Dyes for TEM Visualization of DNA at the Single-Molecule Level","Kabiri, Y. (TU Delft BN/Cees Dekker Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Angelin, Alessandro (Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie); Ahmed, Ishtiaq (Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie); Mutlu, Hatice (Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie); Bauer, Jens (Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie); Niemeyer, Christof M. (Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie); Zandbergen, H.W. (TU Delft QN/Zandbergen Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Dekker, C. (TU Delft BN/Cees Dekker Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2019","Staining compounds containing heavy elements (electron dyes) can facilitate the visualization of DNA and related biomolecules by using TEM. However, research into the synthesis and utilization of alternative electron dyes has been limited. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel DNA intercalator molecule, bis-acridine uranyl (BAU). NMR spectroscopy and MS confirmed the validity of the synthetic strategy and gel electrophoresis verified the binding of BAU to DNA. For TEM imaging of DNA, two-dimensional DNA origami nanostructures were used as a robust microscopy test object. By using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging, which is favored over conventional wide-field TEM for improved contrast, and therefore, quantitative image analysis, it is found that the synthesized BAU intercalator can render DNA visible, even at the single-molecule scale. For comparison, other staining compounds with a purported affinity towards DNA, such as dichloroplatinum, cisplatin, osmium tetroxide, and uranyl acetate, have been evaluated. The STEM contrast is discussed in terms of the DNA–dye association constants, number of dye molecules bound per base pair, and the electron-scattering capacity of the metal-containing ligands. These findings pave the way for the future development of electron dyes with specific DNA-binding motifs for high-resolution TEM imaging.","contrast agents; DNA; intercalation; scanning transmission electron microscopy; single-molecule studies","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","BN/Cees Dekker Lab","","",""
"uuid:b80e37bc-ac7d-4942-9d76-3b5b78532ced","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b80e37bc-ac7d-4942-9d76-3b5b78532ced","Flights are ten a sail - Re-use and commonality in the design and system engineering of small spacecraft solar sail missions with modular hardware for responsive and adaptive exploration","Grundmann, Jan Thimo (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)); Bauer, Waldemar (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)); Boden, Ralf (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)); Ceriotti, Matteo (University of Glasgow); Chand, Suditi (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)); Heiligers, M.J. (TU Delft Astrodynamics & Space Missions); Vergaaij, Merel (University of Glasgow); Viavattene, Giulia (University of Glasgow); Wolff, Friederike (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR))","","2019","The exploration of small solar system bodies started with fast fly-bys of opportunity on the sidelines of missions to the planets. The tiny new worlds seen turned out to be so intriguing and different from all else (and each other) that dedicated sample-return and in-situ analysis missions were developed and launched. Through these, highly efficient low-thrust propulsion expanded from commercial use into mainstream and flagship science missions, there in combination with gravity assists propulsion. In parallel, the growth of small spacecraft solutions accelerated in numbers as well as individual spacecraft capabilities. The on-going missions OSIRIS-REX (NASA) or HAYABUSA2 (JAXA) with its landers MINERVA-II and MASCOT, and the upcoming NEASCOUT mission are examples of this synergy of trends. The continuation of these and other related devlopments towards a propellant-less and highly efficient class of spacecraft for solar system exploration emerges in the form of small spacecraft solar sails designed for carefree handling and equipped with carried landers and application modules. These address the needs of all asteroid user communities - planetary science, planetary defence, and in-situ resource utilization - as well as other fields of solar system science and applications such as space weather warning and solar observations. Already the DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER Roadmap for Solar Sailing initiated studies of missions uniquely feasible with solar sails such as Displaced L1 (DL1) space weather advance warning and monitoring and Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) delivery, which demonstrate the capabilities of near-term solar sails to reach any kind of orbit in the inner solar system. This enables Multiple Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) rendezvous missions (MNR), from Earth-coorbital to extremely inclined and even retrograde target orbits. For these mission types using separable payloads, design concepts can be derived from the separable Boom Sail Deployment Units characteristic of DLR GOSSAMER solar sail technology, nanolanders like MASCOT, or microlanders like the JAXA-DLR Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Lander for the OKEANOS mission which can shuttle from the sail to the targets visited and enable multiple NEA sample-return missions. These nanospacecraft scale components are an ideal match creating solar sails in micro-spacecraft format whose launch configurations are compatible with secondary payload platforms such as ESPA and ASAP. The DLR GOSSAMER solar sail technology builds on the experience gained in the development of deployable membrane structures leading up to the successful ground deployment test of a (20 m)2 solar sail at DLR Cologne in 1999 and in the 20 years since.","Multiple NEA rendezvous; Responsive space; Small solar system body characterisation; Small spacecraft asteroid lander; Small spacecraft solar sail; System engineering","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Astrodynamics & Space Missions","","",""
"uuid:364e68f9-3e6e-4b70-a48d-ca6606f14543","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:364e68f9-3e6e-4b70-a48d-ca6606f14543","Sliding mode control with neural network for active magnetic bearing system","Cao, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; Southeast University); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wani, F.M. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Polinder, H. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Peng, Fei (Southeast University); Huang, Yunkai (Southeast University)","","2019","A novel controller design procedure is proposed for a 5-degree-of-freedom (DOF) active magnetic bearing (AMB) system, based on sliding mode control (SMC) and neural network (NN). The SMC is used to achieve high robustness and fast response while the NN can compensate unmodeled uncertainty and external disturbance by on-line tuning algorithm. The proposed controller is compared with the well-tuned PID controller by simulations. The simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed controller.","magnetic bearing; neural network; sliding mode control","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b57e196a-9434-4f3e-b4da-29062b49ea06","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b57e196a-9434-4f3e-b4da-29062b49ea06","Voltage Source Converter Control under Distorted Grid Voltage for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Links","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Back-To-Back (B2B) Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with AC-side LCL filters can be adopted for parallel AC-DC distribution links. In this paper, Grid-side Current Control (GCC) for the inner/fast control loops of the front- and backend power electronics are implemented in order to enhance the system performance against grid disturbances. Herein, a notch filter-based GCC scheme with a harmonic rejection control is proposed which is able to deliver attenuation to the LCL filter resonances while suppressing the harmonics in the grid-side currents originated when the AC voltages are distorted. The results obtained in MATLAB/SIMULINK and an experimental prototype show that the studied GCC method can successfully mitigate the influence of grid voltage harmonics, while providing a stable power control for the hybrid AC-DC distribution links.","electric current control; invertors; notch filters; power control; power convertors; power electronics; power filters; power grids; power harmonic filters; voltage control; voltage source converter control; distorted grid voltage; hybrid AC-DC distribution links; AC-side LCL filters; parallel AC-DC distribution links; grid-side current control; front- backend power electronics; grid disturbances; notch filter-based GCC scheme; harmonic rejection control; LCL filter resonances; grid-side currents; AC voltages; grid voltage harmonics; Voltage control; Harmonic analysis; Damping; Frequency control; Current control; Resonant frequency; Pulse width modulation; Grid-side current control; notch filter; harmonic rejection","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:95ebeae6-a4a2-4c58-96b2-037dd27dd6f7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:95ebeae6-a4a2-4c58-96b2-037dd27dd6f7","Advantages and Tuning of Zero Voltage Switching in a Wireless Power Transfer System","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In charging applications, wireless power transfer (WPT) is mostly used in the form of inductive power transfer with magnetic resonant coupling. Therefore, both the transmitter and the receiver coils are combined with capacitors, such that only active power is transferred. To evaluate the operation of the WPT charging system, its equivalent circuit can be analyzed in the frequency domain. However, this is limiting since the H-bridge inverter operation is not intrinsically considered. As an example, the operating points of both zero current switching (ZCS) and zero voltage switching (ZVS) operations might be still analyzed, but it is not possible to assess their performance in terms of efficiency. In this paper, the advantage of ZVS over the ZCS is evaluated in terms of the efficiency and the delivered output power. To enable the full potential of ZVS, this is tuned considering the switch capacitance and the dead time.","Efficiency; Inverter control; wireless power transfer (WPT); zero current switching (ZCS); zero voltage switching (ZVS)","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:73118640-72fc-4aed-a8d9-333df260974e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:73118640-72fc-4aed-a8d9-333df260974e","Chiral Pumping of Spin Waves","Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2019","We report a theory for the coherent and incoherent chiral pumping of spin waves into thin magnetic films through the dipolar coupling with a local magnetic transducer, such as a nanowire. The ferromagnetic resonance of the nanowire is broadened by the injection of unidirectional spin waves that generates a nonequilibrium magnetization in only half of the film. A temperature gradient between the local magnet and film leads to a unidirectional flow of incoherent magnons, i.e., a chiral spin Seebeck effect.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:c1bce80e-6b8c-49ce-b03d-aec814cbb9a6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c1bce80e-6b8c-49ce-b03d-aec814cbb9a6","Circular Dichroism Measurement of Single Metal Nanoparticles Using Photothermal Imaging","Spaeth, Patrick (Universiteit Leiden); Adhikari, Subhasis (Universiteit Leiden); Le, Laurent (Universiteit Leiden); Jollans, Thomas (Universiteit Leiden); Pud, S. (Universiteit Leiden); Albrecht, Wiebke (Universiteit Leiden; Universiteit Antwerpen); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Caldarola, M. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience); Orrit, Michel (Universiteit Leiden)","","2019","Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a powerful optical technique for the study of chiral materials and molecules. It gives access to an enantioselective signal based on the differential absorption of right and left circularly polarized light, usually obtained through polarization analysis of the light transmitted through a sample of interest. CD is routinely used to determine the secondary structure of proteins and their conformational state. However, CD signals are weak, limiting the use of this powerful technique to ensembles of many molecules. Here, we experimentally realize the concept of photothermal circular dichroism, a technique that combines the enantioselective signal from circular dichroism with the high sensitivity of photothermal microscopy, achieving a superior signal-to-noise ratio to detect chiral nano-objects. As a proof of principle, we studied the chiral response of single plasmonic nanostructures with CD in the visible range, demonstrating a signal-to-noise ratio better than 40 with only 30 ms integration time for these nanostructures. The high signal-to-noise ratio allows us to quantify the CD signal for individual nanoparticles. We show that we can distinguish relative absorption differences for right circularly and left circularly polarized light as small as gmin = 4 × 10-3 for a 30 ms integration time with our current experimental settings. The enhanced sensitivity of our technique extends CD studies to individual nano-objects and opens CD spectroscopy to numbers of molecules much lower than those in conventional experiments.","chirality; circular dichroism; dissymmetry factor; gold nanostructures; linear dichroism; Photothermal microscopy","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:a370af28-83bb-4025-936c-66b0794d5f5c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a370af28-83bb-4025-936c-66b0794d5f5c","Evaluation of topologies for a solar powered bidirectional electric vehicle charger","De Los Mozos, Albert Bassa (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Charging of electric vehicles (EVs) from solar energy provides a sustainable means to power EVs in the future. A comparison of topologies for a three-port converter to charge EVs directly from photovoltaic (PV) panels is presented in this study. The grid-connected EV charger has a nominal rating of 10 kW and is bidirectional, enabling vehicle-to-grid operation. The topologies are optimally designed considering different switching frequencies, silicon carbide devices, magnetic cores and number of interleaved stages. Nine topologies are compared using a comparison framework, and the best topology is chosen based on the number of components, converter efficiency, volume, controllability and current ripple. The analysis shows that the best topology is a three-port converter with a central direct current link with a 3-leg interleaved boost converter (IBC) for the PV, two-level inverter with sinusoidal modulation for the grid and a 4-phase interleaved flyback converter for the EV. The loss models built are experimentally verified using a 3-leg IBC.","","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d3c3acb5-b90c-4658-96f7-c2f24776d23e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d3c3acb5-b90c-4658-96f7-c2f24776d23e","Investigating the Optical Properties of a Laser Induced 3D Self-Assembled Carbon–Metal Hybrid Structure","Butt, Muhammad Abdullah (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Lesina, Antonino Calà (University of Ottawa); Neugebauer, Martin (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; University of Ottawa); Ramunno, Lora (University of Ottawa); Vaccari, Alessandro (Fondazione Bruno Kessler); Berini, Pierre (University of Ottawa); Petrov, Yuriy (St. Petersburg State University); Danilov, Denis (St. Petersburg Academic University)","","2019","Carbon-based and carbon–metal hybrid materials hold great potential for applications in optics and electronics. Here, a novel material made of carbon and gold–silver nanoparticles is discussed, fabricated using a laser-induced self-assembly process. This self-assembled metamaterial manifests itself in the form of cuboids with lateral dimensions on the order of several micrometers and a height of tens to hundreds of nanometers. The carbon atoms are arranged following an orthorhombic unit cell, with alloy nanoparticles intercalated in the crystalline carbon matrix. The optical properties of this metamaterial are analyzed experimentally using a microscopic Müller matrix measurement approach and reveal a high linear birefringence across the visible spectral range. Theoretical modeling based on local-field theory applied to the carbon matrix links the birefringence to the orthorhombic unit cell, while finite-difference time-domain simulations of the metamaterial relates the observed optical response to the distribution of the alloy nanoparticles and the optical density of the carbon matrix.","computational modeling; laser-induced deposition; metal alloy nanoparticles; microscopic Müller matrix measurement technique; orthorhombic carbon","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2020-04-08","","","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:91939ff6-acb6-4377-9bd0-abba2db3a224","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:91939ff6-acb6-4377-9bd0-abba2db3a224","Integrated PV Charging of EV Fleet Based on Energy Prices, V2G and Offer of Reserves","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kefayati, Mahdi (The University of Texas at Austin); Baldick, Ross (The University of Texas at Austin); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Workplace charging of electric vehicles (EV) from photovoltaic (PV) panels installed on an office building can provide several benefits. This includes the local production and use of PV energy for charging the EV and making use of dynamic tariffs from the grid to schedule the energy exchange with the grid. The long parking time at the workplace provides the chance for the EV to support the grid via vehicle-to-grid technology, the use of a single EV charger for charging several EVs by multiplexing and the offer of ancillary services to the grid for up and down regulation. Further, distribution network constraints can be considered to limit the power and prevent the overloading of the grid. A single mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that considers all the above applications has been proposed in this paper for a charging a fleet of EVs from PV. The MILP is implemented as a receding-horizon model predictive energy management system. Numerical simulations based on market and PV data in Austin, Texas have shown 32% to 651% reduction in the net cost of EV charging from PV when compared to immediate and average rate charging policies.","Charging station; distribution system; electric vehicle; photovoltaic system; regulation services; scheduling; smart charging; smart grids","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3d92d77a-38dd-4337-ae0e-05cef49f3dee","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3d92d77a-38dd-4337-ae0e-05cef49f3dee","Quantifying the Benefits of a Solar Home System-Based DC Microgrid for Rural Electrification","Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chamseddine, Ali (Student TU Delft); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Popovic, J. (Klimop Energy B.V.); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2019","Off-grid solar home systems (SHSs) currently constitute a major source of providing basic electricity needs in un(der)-electrified regions of the world, with around 73 million households having benefited from off-grid solar solutions by 2017. However, in and of itself, state-of-the-art SHSs can only provide electricity access with adequate power supply availability up to tier 2, and to some extent, tier 3 levels of the Multi-tier Framework (MTF) for measuring household electricity access. When considering system metrics of loss of load probability (LLP) and battery size, meeting the electricity needs of tiers 4 and 5 is untenable through SHSs alone. Alternatively, a bottom-up microgrid composed of interconnected SHSs is proposed. Such an approach can enable the so-called climb up the rural electrification ladder. The impact of the microgrid size on the system metrics like LLP and energy deficit is evaluated. Finally, it is found that the interconnected SHS-based microgrid can provide more than 40% and 30% gains in battery sizing for the same LLP level as compared to the standalone SHSs sizes for tiers 4 and 5 of the MTF, respectively, thus quantifying the definite gains of an SHS-based microgrid over standalone SHSs. This study paves the way for visualizing SHS-based rural DC microgrids that can not only enable electricity access to the higher tiers of the MTF with lower battery storage needs but also make use of existing SHS infrastructure, thus enabling a technologically easy climb up the rural electrification ladder.","Battery storage; DC microgrids; Energy sharing; Multi-tier framework; Rural electrification; Solar home systems","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:71e33863-97ba-4488-a0c4-21ee7ebc41a6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:71e33863-97ba-4488-a0c4-21ee7ebc41a6","Exploring the boundaries of Solar Home Systems (SHS) for off-grid electrification: Optimal SHS sizing for the multi-tier framework for household electricity access","Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chamseddine, Ali (Student TU Delft); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Popovic, J. (Klimop Energy B.V.); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2019","With almost 1.1 billion people lacking access to electricity, solar-based off-grid products like Solar Home Systems (SHS) have become a promising solution to provide basic electricity needs in un(der)-electrified regions. Therefore, optimal system sizing is a vital task as both oversizing and undersizing a system can be detrimental to system cost and power availability, respectively. This paper presents an optimal SHS sizing methodology that minimizes the loss of load probability (LLP), excess energy dump, and battery size while maximizing the battery lifetime. A genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization approach is utilized to evaluate the optimal SHS sizes. The potential for SHS to cater to every tier of the Multi-tier framework (MTF) for measuring household electricity access is examined. The optimal system sizes for standalone SHS are found for different LLP thresholds. Results show that beyond tier 2, the present day SHS sizing needs to be expanded significantly to meet the load demand. Additionally, it is deemed untenable to meet the electricity needs of the higher tiers of MTF purely through standalone SHS without compromising one or more of the system metrics. A way forward is proposed to take the SHS concept all the way up the energy ladder such that load demand can also be satisfied at tier 4 and 5 levels.","Battery lifetime; Battery sizing; Multi objective optimization; Multi-tier framework; Optimal sizing; Solar Home Systems","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cde62380-c3d7-4778-b065-dd6b9d452114","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cde62380-c3d7-4778-b065-dd6b9d452114","Chiral excitation of spin waves in ferromagnetic films by magnetic nanowire gratings","Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Liu, Chuanpu (Beihang University); Yu, Haiming (Beihang University); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2019","We theoretically investigate the interlayer dipolar and exchange couplings between an array of metallic magnetic nanowires grown on top of an extended ultrathin yttrium iron garnet film. The calculated interlayer dipolar coupling agrees with observed anticrossings [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 217202 (2018)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.120.217202], concluding that the interlayer exchange coupling is suppressed by a spacer layer between the nanowires and film for Ni, but not necessarily for Co. The Kittel mode in the nanowire array couples chirally to spin waves in the film, even though Damon-Eshbach surface modes do not exist. The chirality can be suppressed by a strong interlayer exchange coupling.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:16313494-cbeb-4a11-be8c-9d441f09df35","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:16313494-cbeb-4a11-be8c-9d441f09df35","Optimal mode matching in cavity optomagnonics","Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Rameshti, Babak Zare (Iran University of Science and Technology); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2019","Inelastic scattering of photons is a promising technique to manipulate magnons but it suffers from weak intrinsic coupling. We theoretically discuss an idea to increase optomagnonic coupling in optical whispering gallery mode cavities by generalizing a previous analysis to include the exchange interaction. We predict that the optomagnonic coupling constant to surface magnons in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres with radius 300μm can be up to 40 times larger than that to the macrospin Kittel mode. Whereas this enhancement falls short of the requirements for magnon manipulation in pure YIG, nanostructuring and/or materials with larger magneto-optical constants can bridge this gap.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:2d1bf014-456a-484f-9ab7-b59ba85115d4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2d1bf014-456a-484f-9ab7-b59ba85115d4","Surface dynamics of rough magnetic films","Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2019","The chirality of magnetostatic Damon-Eshbach (DE) magnons affects the transport of energy and angular momentum at the surface of magnetic films and spheres. We calculate the surface-disorder-limited dephasing and transport lifetimes of surface modes of sufficiently thick high-quality ferromagnetic films such as yttrium iron garnet. Surface magnons are not protected by chirality, but interact strongly with smooth surface roughness. Nevertheless, for long-range disorder, the transport is much less affected by the suppressed backscattering (vertex correction). Moreover, in the presence of roughness, ferromagnetic resonance under a uniform microwave field can generate a considerable number of surface magnons.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:f2564a68-0758-4294-8b4f-c8f3e555e1b0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f2564a68-0758-4294-8b4f-c8f3e555e1b0","Comparison of magnetic couplers for IPT-based EV charging using multi-objective optimization","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; TDK Europe Gmbh); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Inductive power transfer (IPT) is becoming increasingly popular in stationary electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. In this paper, the influence of the different IPT coupler geometries on the performance factors such as efficiency, power density, misalignment tolerance, and stray field is studied. Four different coupler topologies, namely the circular, rectangular, double-D (DD-DD), and the double-D transmitter with double-D-quadrature receiver (DD-DDQ) are considered in this study. The electromagnetic behavior of the couplers is modeled using three-dimensional finite-element method, which is validated by experiments on a laboratory prototype. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) framework is developed to analyze the Pareto tradeoffs between conflicting performance metrics for the couplers. Optimization results depict that the circular topology performs best among the selected topologies regarding higher coupling coefficient, and efficiency for similar active mass and coupler area. Circular and rectangular couplers perform better than the polarized couplers like DD-DD and DD-DDQ regarding stray field exposure in both vertical and lateral direction of the coupler position in the EV. However, polarized couplers show more tolerance toward misalignment compared to circular and rectangular couplers. Thus, this study provides information regarding the specific strengths and weaknesses of different coupler topologies, which can be used during the initial design phase.","Coupling; electric vehicles; finite element analysis; inductive power transmission; lateral misalignment; longitudinal misalignment; Pareto optimization","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-01-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bace3492-c056-4261-8f87-02c97807d980","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bace3492-c056-4261-8f87-02c97807d980","Magnon-phonon interactions in magnetic insulators","Streib, S.D. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Vidal-Silva, Nicolas (Universidad de Santiago de Chile); Shen, Ka (Beijing Normal University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Beijing Normal University; Tohoku University)","","2019","We address the theory of magnon-phonon interactions and compute the corresponding quasiparticle and transport lifetimes in magnetic insulators, with a focus on yttrium iron garnet at intermediate temperatures from anisotropy- and exchange-mediated magnon-phonon interactions, the latter being derived from the volume dependence of the Curie temperature. We find in general weak effects of phonon scattering on magnon transport and the Gilbert damping of the macrospin Kittel mode. The magnon transport lifetime differs from the quasiparticle lifetime at shorter wavelengths.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:357e3e2b-b58d-43d4-bb92-7636846aeaf9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:357e3e2b-b58d-43d4-bb92-7636846aeaf9","Multi-twist polarization ribbon topologies in highly-confined optical fields","Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Banzer, Peter (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; University of Ottawa); Bouchard, Frédéric (University of Ottawa); Orlov, Sergej (State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology); Marrucci, Lorenzo (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); Santamato, Enrico (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); Boyd, Robert W. (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; University of Ottawa; University of Rochester Institute of Optics); Karimi, Ebrahim (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; University of Ottawa); Leuchs, Gerd (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; University of Ottawa)","","2019","Electromagnetic plane waves, solutions to Maxwell's equations, are said to be 'transverse' in vacuum. Namely, the waves' oscillatory electric and magnetic fields are confined within a plane transverse to the waves' propagation direction. Under tight-focusing conditions however, the field can exhibit longitudinal electric or magnetic components, transverse spin angular momentum, or non-trivial topologies such as Möbius strips. Here, we show that when a suitably spatially structured beam is tightly focused, a three-dimensional polarization topology in the form of a ribbon with two full twists appears in the focal volume. We study experimentally the stability and dynamics of the observed polarization ribbon by exploring its topological structure for various radii upon focusing and for different propagation planes.","polarization topology; Ribbon topology; tight-focusing beams","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:710753aa-bdf0-4bf1-8fce-803672ba2417","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:710753aa-bdf0-4bf1-8fce-803672ba2417","Excitation of unidirectional exchange spin waves by a nanoscale magnetic grating","Chen, Jilei (Beihang University); Yu, T. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Liu, Chuanpu (Beihang University); Liu, Tao (Colorado State University); Madami, Marco (University of Perugia); Shen, Ka (Beijing Normal University); Zhang, J (Beihang University); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)","","2019","Magnon spintronics is a prosperous field that promises beyond-CMOS technology based on elementary excitations of the magnetic order that act as information carriers for future computational architectures. Unidirectional propagation of spin waves is key to the realization of magnonic logic devices. However, previous efforts to enhance the magnetostatic surface spin wave nonreciprocity did not realize (let alone control) purely unidirectional propagation. Here we experimentally demonstrate excitation of unidirectional exchange spin waves by a nanoscale magnetic grating consisting of Co nanowires fabricated on an ultrathin yttrium iron garnet film. We explain and model the nearly perfect unidirectional excitation by the chirality of the magneto-dipolar interactions between the Kittel mode of the nanowires and the exchange spin waves of the film. Reversal of the magnetic configurations of film and nanowire array from parallel to antiparallel changes the direction of the excited spin waves. Our results raise the prospect of a chiral magnonic logic without the need to involve fragile surface states.","magnetic interaction; spin dynamics; spin waves; spintronics","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:51a49f93-97ad-4362-ab0a-eae7921c80ee","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:51a49f93-97ad-4362-ab0a-eae7921c80ee","Energy Management System for the Photovoltaic Battery Integrated Module","Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Faizal Sofyan, Muhammad (Student TU Delft); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Given the complementary nature of photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage, the combination of a solar panel and a battery pack in one single device is proposed. To realize this concept, the PV Battery-Integrated Module (PBIM), it is fundamental to analyze the system architecture and energy management. This paper focuses on selecting a suitable architecture among the different options, while also indicating the control strategy that the converters must follow to ensure appropriate performance. Also, several modes of operation for the complete system are introduced to implement energy management. For the selected DC architecture, two case studies, viz. off-grid and peak-shaving for a grid-tied system, were employed to characterize the response of the model demonstrating its utility to perform maximum power-point tracking, excess solar power curtailment, and battery charging and discharging. The proposed control and system architecture prove to be feasible for a PV battery-integrated device such as PBIM.","PV-battery; integrated module; energy management","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b17f8b3f-9c44-48be-90e3-ab494e596c54","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b17f8b3f-9c44-48be-90e3-ab494e596c54","Solar Powered E-Bike Charging Station with AC, DC and Contactless Charging","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Velzeboer, Tim (Student TU Delft); Ganesan Nair, Gireesh (Student TU Delft); Zhao, Yunpeng (Student TU Delft); Isabella, O. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Jamodkar, A.; Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2018","Charging electric vehicles from solar energy provides a sustainable means of transportation. This paper shows the design of solar powered e-bike charging station that provides AC, DC and contactless charging of e-bikes. The DC charger allows direct DC charging of the e-bike from the DC power of the photovoltaic panels (PV) without the need for an external AC charger adapter. In case of the contactless charger, the bike can be charged without the use of any cables providing maximum convenience to the user. Finally, the charging station has an integrated battery that allows for both grid-connected and off-grid operation","","en","conference paper","EPE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-01","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8652126c-bfa5-4d26-bb3b-f4cc99c217fe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8652126c-bfa5-4d26-bb3b-f4cc99c217fe","Effects of Gate-Induced Electric Fields on Semiconductor Majorana Nanowires","Antipov, Andrey E. (Microsoft Research); Bargerbos, A. (TU Delft QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab; TU Delft QuTech Advanced Research Centre; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Winkler, Georg W. (Microsoft Research); Bauer, Bela (Microsoft Research); Rossi, Enrico (Microsoft Research; College of William and Mary); Lutchyn, Roman M. (Microsoft Research)","","2018","We study the effect of gate-induced electric fields on the properties of semiconductor-superconductor hybrid nanowires which represent a promising platform for realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. Using a self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson approach that describes the semiconductor and the superconductor on equal footing, we are able to access the strong tunneling regime and identify the impact of an applied gate voltage on the coupling between semiconductor and superconductor. We discuss how physical parameters such as the induced superconducting gap and Landé g factor in the semiconductor are modified by redistributing the density of states across the interface upon application of an external gate voltage. Finally, we map out the topological phase diagram as a function of magnetic field and gate voltage for InAs/Al nanowires.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab","","",""
"uuid:7c953849-4b2e-4bda-bd67-484821ce59b9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7c953849-4b2e-4bda-bd67-484821ce59b9","Pausing controls branching between productive and non-productive pathways during initial transcription in bacteria","Dulin, D. (University of Oxford; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Bauer, David L.V. (University of Oxford); Malinen, Anssi M. (University of Oxford; University of Turku); Bakermans, Jacob J.W. (University of Oxford); Kaller, Martin (University of Oxford); Morichaud, Zakia (CNRS/Université de Montpellier II); Petushkov, Ivan (Russian Academy of Sciences); Depken, S.M. (TU Delft BN/Martin Depken Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Brodolin, Konstantin (CNRS/Université de Montpellier II); Kulbachinskiy, Andrey (Russian Academy of Sciences); Kapanidis, Achillefs N. (University of Oxford)","","2018","Transcription in bacteria is controlled by multiple molecular mechanisms that precisely regulate gene expression. It has been recently shown that initial RNA synthesis by the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) is interrupted by pauses; however, the pausing determinants and the relationship of pausing with productive and abortive RNA synthesis remain poorly understood. Using single-molecule FRET and biochemical analysis, here we show that the pause encountered by RNAP after the synthesis of a 6-nt RNA (ITC6) renders the promoter escape strongly dependent on the NTP concentration. Mechanistically, the paused ITC6 acts as a checkpoint that directs RNAP to one of three competing pathways: productive transcription, abortive RNA release, or a new unscrunching/scrunching pathway. The cyclic unscrunching/scrunching of the promoter generates a long-lived, RNA-bound paused state; the abortive RNA release and DNA unscrunching are thus not as tightly linked as previously thought. Finally, our new model couples the pausing with the abortive and productive outcomes of initial transcription.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","BN/Martin Depken Lab","","",""
"uuid:5c8a40c7-e403-420b-9c35-3bf1c58e85f9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5c8a40c7-e403-420b-9c35-3bf1c58e85f9","An Experimental Performance Evaluation of Autoscalers for Complex Workflows","Ilyushkin, A.S. (TU Delft Dataintensive Systems); Ali-Eldin, Ahmed (Umeå University; University of Massachusetts Amherst); Herbst, Nikolas (University of Würzburg); Bauer, André (University of Würzburg); Papadopoulos, Alessandro (Mälardalen University); Epema, D.H.J. (TU Delft Dataintensive Systems); Iosup, A. (TU Delft Dataintensive Systems; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)","","2018","Elasticity is one of the main features of cloud computing allowing customers to scale their resources based on the workload. Many autoscalers have been proposed in the past decade to decide on behalf of cloud customers when and how to provision resources to a cloud application based on the workload utilizing cloud elasticity features. However, in prior work, when a new policy is proposed, it is seldom compared to the state-of-the-art, and is often compared only to static provisioning using a predefined quality of service target. This reduces the ability of cloud customers and of cloud operators to choose and deploy an autoscaling policy, as there is seldom enough analysis on the performance of the autoscalers in different operating conditions and with different applications. In our work, we conduct an experimental performance evaluation of autoscaling policies, using as application model workflows, a popular formalism for automating resource management for applications with well-defined yet complex structures. We present a detailed comparative study of general state-of-the-art autoscaling policies, along with two new workflow-specific policies. To understand the performance differences between the seven policies, we conduct various experiments and compare their performance in both pairwise and group comparisons. We report both individual and aggregated metrics. As many workflows have deadline requirements on the tasks, we study the effect of autoscaling on workflow deadlines. Additionally, we look into the effect of autoscaling on the accounted and hourly based charged costs, and we evaluate performance variability caused by the autoscaler selection for each group of workflow sizes. Our results highlight the trade-offs between the suggested policies, how they can impact meeting the deadlines, and how they perform in different operating conditions, thus enabling a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art.","autoscaling; elasticity; scientific workflows; workflow; benchmarking; metrics","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","Dataintensive Systems","","",""
"uuid:9af706ad-0eae-4cc2-af07-a7ce348b126b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9af706ad-0eae-4cc2-af07-a7ce348b126b","A 10kW Solar-Powered Bidirectional EV Charger Compatible with Chademo and COMBO","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Schijffelen, Jos (Power Research Electronics BV); van den Heuvel, Mike (Power Research Electronics BV); Kardolus, Menno (Power Research Electronics BV); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Charging electric vehicles (EVs) from photovoltaic panels (PV) provides a sustainable future for transportation. This paper presents the development of a 10kW EV charger that can be powered from both a PV array and the three phase AC grid. The goal is to realize a high power density and high-efficiency three-port power converter that integrates the EV, PV, grid and meets the Chademo and CCS/Combo EV charging standards. The EV port is designed to be isolated and bidirectional, so that both charging and vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) can be implemented. As PV and EV are both DC by nature, the converter uses a central DC-link to exchange power between the EV and PV, thereby increasing efficiency. The use of silicon carbide devices and powdered alloy core inductors enables high switching frequency and power density. A stable closed loop control allows four different power flows: PV- EV, EV-grid, grid-EV and PV-grid. Hence the converter operates as a PV inverter, a bidirectional EV charger and a combination of both. A 10kW prototype has been successfully tested and its experimental waveforms and measured efficiency are presented. It has three times the power density and higher partial and peak load efficiency when compared to existing solutions.","charging; Electric vehicle; photovoltaic systems (PV); powered alloy core; silicon carbide (SiC) Paper produced in Windows/Microsoft Word","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-03","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:25e2fc31-5258-4a19-8d6b-c35490b55c92","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:25e2fc31-5258-4a19-8d6b-c35490b55c92","Thermal Modelling and Experimental Validation for Research on Medium Voltage DC Cables","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Feng, X. (The University of Texas at Austin); Hebner, R. (The University of Texas at Austin); Gattozzi, A. (The University of Texas at Austin); Strank, S. (The University of Texas at Austin); Mor, A. R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin)","","2018","The thermal behavior of medium voltage dc cables can find useful applications for efficient and capacity enhanced operation in cities as well as compact power transmission on all electric ships. Concepts such as dynamic current and voltage rating, difference in thermal proximity in ac and dc operation, pulsed load application and thermal degradation with enhanced dc voltage; all are interlaced with the crucial temperature profile of insulated conductors. This paper develops a theoretical thermal model to highlight the possibility of dynamic current rating with pulsed loads. Further, a novel idea of imposing a thermal profile on cables for dc partial discharge testing is discussed. For this purpose a heat transfer model for a segmented cable is developed and experimentally validated.","Power cables; Conductors; Cable shielding; Thermal conductivity; Power cable insulation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1a466b83-2f9b-4413-b1b1-d91a2795bcec","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1a466b83-2f9b-4413-b1b1-d91a2795bcec","Proposal for a EU quality label for aerospace education","Bernelli-Zazzera, Franco (Politecnico di Milano); Martin-Prats, Maria Angeles (University of Seville); Marulo, Francesco (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); Hanus, Daniel (Czech Technical University); Melkert, J.A. (TU Delft Flight Performance and Propulsion); Guglieri, Giorgio (Politecnico di Torino); Bauer, Pascal (ISAE-ENSMA-Institut Pprime-Dept “Fluides); Pantelaki, Irene (EASN TIS); Wasser, Iring (ASIIN e.V.); Deconinck, Herman (von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics); Bosilca, Ruxandra (INCAS); Saari, Hanna Kaisa (Aerospace Valley 118 route de Narbonne)","","2018","The paper presents a possible roadmap for the definition of a European quality label for aerospace related higher education degrees. The proposal is the result of a two-years long Horizon 2020 project that has involved a great portion of the European stakeholders in aerospace: Universities, research centres, industries (both small and large) networks, associations and accreditation agencies. The core concept established is that it is possible to establish a sector-specific, content based, quality system, that can complement the existing national or European accreditation systems, providing added value to the internal and/or external quality assurance processes that are in place in most EU countries. The tools and processes proposed are sufficiently simple to be manageable by Universities in addition to their national accreditation processes or as stand-alone assessment. The main goal of the proposed process is the evaluation of the quality of the aerospace curricula in the European context, whereas the accreditation of the programme can be seen as an optional extension of the process, subject to further national regulations. The process is proposed in view of the awarding of a sector-specific, content based, quality label, to be issued by an appropriate legally recognized and qualified institution. 8 field tests with volunteering universities throughout Europe have been performed. They experienced the method as very practical and to the point.","Aerospace higher education; Learning outcomes; Quality in education","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Flight Performance and Propulsion","","",""
"uuid:307d09bc-969f-4d30-976d-653a5bf6bb8a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:307d09bc-969f-4d30-976d-653a5bf6bb8a","Harvesting Roadway Solar Energy-Performance of the Installed Infrastructure Integrated PV Bike Path","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kumaravel, Vinod Kumar (Sungevity International); Klerks, Stan (TNO); de Wit, Sten (TNO); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Isabella, O. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2018","Solar road technology provides an opportunity to harvest the vast, albeit dispersed, photovoltaic (PV) energy, while maximizing the land utilization. Deriving experience from the pioneering 70-m solar bike path installed in the Netherlands, this paper highlights the operational challenges and performance parameters using the first-year measured data. The theoretically predicted energy yield is compared with the measured energy yield. Based on the best performing module, the benchmark annual energy yield is set to 85–90 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula> specific to the installation site. It is shown that this value can be bettered by about 1.5 times if different cell technology such as monocrystalline is used. With different installation sites around the world, thermal behavior as well as annual energy yield changes. Theoretical proof is offered that it is not unreasonable to expect an annual energy yield in the upwards of 150 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula> with solar road energy harvesting technology. For example, the annual yield is found to be 213 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula> if the same model is simulated for a solar road PV installation in India, which increased further with the use of monocrystalline to almost 300 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula>.","Annual energy yield; energy harvester; infrastructure integrated photovoltaics (IIPV); module temperature; photovoltaics (PV); roadway; solar pavement; solar powered street; solar road (SR)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:89b1b9dd-2e52-47e8-8b20-bd6ca259bfd7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89b1b9dd-2e52-47e8-8b20-bd6ca259bfd7","Erratum to: Energy management system with pv power forecast to optimally charge evs at the workplace (IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (2018) 14:1 (311-320) DOI: 10.1109/TII.2016.2634624)","Van Der Meer, Dennis (Uppsala University); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Morales-Espana, G. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","In [1], the name of one co-author, Germán Morales-Espana, was rendered incorrectly as Germán Morales-Espana Mouli. The correct byline is shown above. We sincerely regret the error.","","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-01-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:defff1b3-c211-4899-9eea-dea8974c8d28","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:defff1b3-c211-4899-9eea-dea8974c8d28","AC Distribution Grid Reconfiguration using Flexible DC Link Architecture for Increasing Power Delivery Capacity during (n-1) Contingency","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kontos, E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","A practical issue faced by today's ac grid is the rapidly growing power demand on its aging infrastructure. One possibility to maximize the capacity of the existing infrastructure is to refurbish the ac links to operate under dc conditions using modular multilevel converters. In this paper, the idea is applied to restructure an actual medium voltage distribution system. Further, a systematic reconfiguration strategy is proposed to maintain high power delivery capacity even during (n-1) contingency. Contingency analysis is carried out for faults in different system components of the distribution grid. Towards this goal, novel concepts such as reconfigurable switch, dc link converter bypass and flexible dc to ac operational transition are proposed.","breakers; capacity enhancement; contingencies; dc links; distribution; flexible; medium voltage; reconfiguration; switch minimization; system faults","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5fa3148d-d2ff-4182-8ce7-7fbc676a716b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5fa3148d-d2ff-4182-8ce7-7fbc676a716b","Optimal System Design for a Solar Powered EV Charging Station","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Charging electric vehicles (EV) from photovoltaic (PV) panels provides a sustainable mode of transportation. In order to reduce the net costs of charging EV from PV and the grid, the PV generation and/or the EV charging can be controlled based on the energy prices in the grid. The traditional approach to designing the solar system for EV charging is to maximize the energy yield. In this paper, an alternate approach to PV system design is proposed by which the PV panels are orientated so as to maximize the PV revenue. This technique is compared with that of reducing the net costs by smart charging of the EV based on energy prices. Two case studies for Netherlands and Texas are done to compare the PV energy generated and the net cost of EV charging from PV based on the two techniques.","Electric vehicle charging; Azimuth; Sun; Employment; Photovoltaic systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2019-03-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f8322ca2-fb42-4f37-8e83-4d8b7c53304f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f8322ca2-fb42-4f37-8e83-4d8b7c53304f","Constructing accurate equivalent electrical circuit models of lithium iron phosphate and lead-acid battery cells for solar home system applications","Yu, Y. (TU Delft Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Popovic, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wagemaker, M. (TU Delft RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2018","The past few years have seen strong growth of solar-based off-grid energy solutions such as Solar Home Systems (SHS) as a means to ameliorate the grave problem of energy poverty. Battery storage is an essential component of SHS. An accurate battery model can play a vital role in SHS design. Knowing the dynamic behaviour of the battery is important for the battery sizing and estimating the battery behaviour for the chosen application at the system design stage. In this paper, an accurate cell level dynamic battery model based on the electrical equivalent circuit is constructed for two battery technologies: the valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery and the LiFePO4 (LFP) battery. Series of experiments were performed to obtain the relevant model parameters. This model is built for low C-rate applications (lower than 0.5 C-rate) as expected in SHS. The model considers the non-linear relation between the state of charge (SOC) and open circuit voltage (VOC) for both technologies. Additionally, the equivalent electrical circuit model for the VRLA battery was improved by including a 2nd order RC pair. The simulated model differs from the experimentally obtained result by less than 2%. This cell level battery model can be potentially scaled to battery pack level with flexible capacity, making the dynamic battery model a useful tool in SHS design.","Battery testing; Dynamic battery model; Electric equivalent circuit battery model; LiFePO4; Solar home systems; VRLA","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5a9cd3ef-66ae-49be-8cd1-05a5d80d21b8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a9cd3ef-66ae-49be-8cd1-05a5d80d21b8","Laser and radio tracking for planetary science missions—a comparison","Dirkx, D. (TU Delft Astrodynamics & Space Missions); Prochazka, Ivan (Czech Technical University); Bauer, Sven (VolcanoTectonics Junior Research Group); Visser, P.N.A.M. (TU Delft Astrodynamics & Space Missions); Noomen, R. (TU Delft Astrodynamics & Space Missions); Gurvits, L. (TU Delft Astrodynamics & Space Missions; Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC); Vermeersen, L.L.A. (TU Delft Physical and Space Geodesy; TU Delft Astrodynamics & Space Missions)","","2018","At present, tracking data for planetary missions largely consists of radio observables: range-rate (Doppler), range and angular position (VLBI/Δ DOR). Future planetary missions may use Interplanetary Laser Ranging (ILR) as a tracking observable. Two-way ILR will provide range data that are about 2 orders of magnitude more accurate than radio-based range data. ILR does not produce Doppler data, however. In this article, we compare the relative strength of radio Doppler and laser range data for the retrieval of parameters of interest in planetary missions, to clarify and quantify the science case of ILR, with a focus on geodetic observables. We first provide an overview of the near-term attainable quality of ILR, in terms of both the realization of the observable and the models used to process the measurements. Subsequently, we analyse the sensitivity of radio Doppler and laser range measurements in representative mission scenarios for parameters of interest. We use both an analytical approximation and numerical analyses of the relative sensitivity of ILR and radio Doppler observables for more general cases. We show that mm-precise range normal points are feasible for ILR, but mm-level accuracy and stability in the full analysis chain are unlikely to be attained, due to a combination of instrumental and model errors. We find that ILR has the potential for superior performance in observing signatures in the data with a characteristic period of greater than 0.33–1.65 hours (assuming 2–10 mm uncertainty for range and 10 μ m/s at 60 s for Doppler). This indicates that Doppler tracking will typically remain the method of choice for gravity field determination and spacecraft orbit determination in planetary missions. ILR data will be able to supplement the orbiter tracking data used for the estimation of parameters with a once-per-orbit signal. Laser ranging data, however, are shown to have a significant advantage for the retrieval of rotational and tidal characteristics from landers. Similarly, laser ranging data will be superior for the construction of planetary ephemerides and the improvement of solar system tests of gravitation, both for orbiter and for lander missions.","Interplanetary laser ranging; Planetary missions; Radio tracking","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Astrodynamics & Space Missions","","",""
"uuid:a62018f4-1b41-4ceb-afa1-fecfaf82e2f3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a62018f4-1b41-4ceb-afa1-fecfaf82e2f3","Drag power kite with very high lift coefficient","Bauer, F. (Technische Universität München); Kennel, R.M. (Technische Universität München); Hackl, C.M. (Munich School of Engineering); Campagnolo, F. (Technische Universität München); Patt, M. (Hochschule Kempten); Schmehl, R. (TU Delft Wind Energy)","","2018","As an alternative to conventional wind turbines, this study considered kites with onboard wind turbines driven by a high airspeed due to crosswind flight (“drag power”). The hypothesis of this study was, that if the kite's lift coefficient is maximized, then the power, energy yield, allowed costs and profit margin are also maximized. This hypothesis was confirmed based on a kite power system model extended from Loyd's model. The performance of small-scale and utility-scale kites in monoplane and biplane configurations were examined for increasing lift coefficients. Moreover, several parameters of the utility-scale system were optimized with a genetic algorithm. With an optimal lift coefficient of 4.5, the biplane outperformed the monoplane. A 40 m wing span kite was expected to achieve a rated power of about 4.1 MW with a power density of about 52 kW/m2. A parameter sensitivity analysis of the optimized design was performed. Moreover, to demonstrate the feasibility of very high lift coefficients and the validity of a utilized simplified airfoil polar model, CFDs of a proposed high-lift multi-element airfoil were performed and the airfoil polars were recorded. Finally, a planform design of a biplane kite was proposed.","Crosswind kite power; Drag power; Airborne wind turbine; High-lift airfoil; Biplane; Genetic algorithm","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2018-04-30","","","Wind Energy","","",""
"uuid:eb80a8dc-f228-4738-9ef6-af22a3b7827e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:eb80a8dc-f228-4738-9ef6-af22a3b7827e","Symmetrical Component Decomposition of DC Distribution Systems","van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Spaan, M.T.J. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Employing bipolar dc distribution systems introduces the possibility of imbalance in the system. To analyze these systems it is crucial to create novel modelling techniques. This paper presents a method to decompose dc distribution systems into symmetrical components. The presented method simplifies the analysis of balanced, unbalanced, and fault conditions of bipolar dc distribution systems. Equivalent circuits for several network components in the symmetrical domain are derived and are shown to be independent under symmetrical conditions. Furthermore, a dynamic analysis is performed in the symmetrical domain showing that the method simplifies the analysis of dc distribution systems. Additionally, the symmetrical domain equivalent circuits of several fault conditions are derived.","Capacitance; Circuit faults; Conductors; Equivalent circuits; Integrated circuit modeling; Symmetric matrices; Transmission line matrix methods; bipolar grid; dc distribution grid; dynamic analysis; fault analysis; modelling; symmetrical components","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fe39396f-feb5-4198-a3fc-1a634fe67c10","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fe39396f-feb5-4198-a3fc-1a634fe67c10","A State-Space Approach to Modelling DC Distribution Systems","van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Spaan, M.T.J. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Many modelling methods for the analysis of dc distribution grids only consider monopolar configurations and do not allow for mutual couplings to be taken into account. The modelling method presented in this paper aims to deal with both of these issues. A state-space approach was chosen for its flexibility and computational speed. The derived approach can be applied to any dc distribution system regardless of its configuration and takes into account mutual couplings between phase conductors. Moreover, the state-space matrices can be derived in a programmatic manner. The derived model was verified empirically and by a reference model created in Simulink using PowerLib blocks. Subsequently, an illustrative system was analyzed, which showed the utility of the presented method in analyzing the dynamics of dc distribution systems. The presented method could especially be useful for the analysis, design and optimization of, for example, the stability and control systems of dc distribution systems.","Analytical models; Computational modeling; Conductors; Mathematical model; Mutual coupling; Transient analysis; dc distribution; distribution line; dynamic analysis; microgrid; modelling; state-space","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:95cefb20-8cb5-42e3-8831-0115937215a1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:95cefb20-8cb5-42e3-8831-0115937215a1","Reconfigurable DC Links for Restructuring Existing Medium Voltage AC Distribution Grids","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Feng, Xianyong (The University of Texas at Austin); Kontos, E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","While the scientific community recognizes the benefits of DC power transfer, the distribution network operators point out the practical and economic constraints in refurbishing the existing AC network at a medium-voltage level. Some apprehensions like reliability, cost of ownership, and safety in adopting a universal DC distribution may merit considerable attention, particularly considering the long operational experience with the existing mature AC system. This paper introduces the novel concept of reconfigurable DC links as a flexible backbone integrated within the future AC distribution grids. Benefits such as hardware reconfiguration for a modular AC–DC cable operation to achieve fault redundancy, control reconfiguration for flexibility and grid-supporting ancillary services, network reconfiguration for system level distribution loss minimization and load redistribution, and fault reconfiguration for improving the grid availability are discussed. The vision, around which the concepts developed in this paper revolve around, is to present a viable way of gradual transition from AC to hybrid AC–DC to finally a universal DC system.","AC; DC; distribution; grids; reconfiguration; flexibility; restructure","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cd15a1ea-696d-4a0e-af30-3f7ebcd1544b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cd15a1ea-696d-4a0e-af30-3f7ebcd1544b","Integrating a photovoltaic storage system in one device: A critical review","Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Due to the variable nature of the photovoltaic generation, energy storage is imperative, and the combination of both in one device is appealing for more efficient and easy‐to‐use devices. Among the myriads of proposed approaches, there are multiple challenges to overcome to make these solutions realistic alternatives to current systems. This paper classifies and identifies previous efforts to achieve integrated photovoltaic storage devices. Moreover, the gaps and future perspectives are analysed to give an overview of the field, paying attention to low‐power devices (<10 W) as well as high‐power devices (>10 W). We focus on devices that combine solar cells with supercapacitors or batteries, providing information about the structure, materials used, and performance. On the one hand, small power devices must concentrate on including power electronics to increase the efficiency of the system as well as ensuring a safe operation; likewise, more attention should be drawn to validate the feasibility of novel concepts by carrying out more realistic and standardised tests, including long‐term testing. On the other hand, high‐power devices must be researched thoroughly to evaluate the impact of high temperatures on energy storage and solar module ageing; furthermore, optimum system sizing is a relevant topic that deserves attention and its relation to modular solutions. This critical literature review serves as a guide to understand the characteristics of the approaches followed to integrate photovoltaic devices and storage in one device, shedding light on the improvements required to develop more robust products for a sustainable future.","battery; one device; PV-storage integration; solar-battery integration; solar energy; supercapacitor","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6c3a7738-36b8-4ff0-a074-43821f6087d6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6c3a7738-36b8-4ff0-a074-43821f6087d6","Reliability, Efficiency and Cost Trade-offs for Medium Voltage Distribution Network Expansion using Refurbished AC-DC Reconfigurable Links","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","Binder, A. (editor); Del Pizzo, A. (editor); Miki, I. (editor)","2018","The role of MVDC links for distribution network expansion is important. The distribution network operators (DNOs) can maximize the power transfer capacity of existing grid infrastructure during (n-1] contingencies using reconfigurable parallel ac-dc architecture. In addition this concept involves a range of efficiency, reliability and economic trade-offs. The object of this paper is to present a discussion on the emerging choices involved in adopting a parallel ac-dc reconfigurable link architecture in designing future and flexible power grids.","Dc links; Distribution networks; Flexible; Grid expansion; Medium voltage; MVDC; Parallel ac-dc; Power router; Reconfigurable; Reconfiguration; Refurbishing","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:27b0fee9-1e2a-4273-99ae-11c5397e3e38","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:27b0fee9-1e2a-4273-99ae-11c5397e3e38","Determining Relation between Size of Polarized Inductive Couplers and Nominal Airgap","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Inductive power transfer (IPT) is gaining popularity across a wide range of battery charging applications like biomedical, consumer electronics and electric vehicle (EV) charging. One of the major challenges in designing IPT charge pads is determining the optimal physical sizes of the magnetic couplers resulting in efficient power transfer and low cost of materials. In EV applications, it is especially difficult due to the variation in nominal air gap, required power levels associated with different vehicle classes, and charging locations that may be encountered. This paper aims to determine the relationship between optimal coupler sizes and the nominal air gap of an IPT system. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to model the electromagnetic behavior of the magnetic couplers. A multi-objective optimization framework is built to reveal the Pareto fronts which show the trade-offs between the power transfer efficiencies and the coupler power densities at different air gaps. This method is applied on polarized double-D (DD) couplers for a 5 kW IPT system at different air gaps. Analyzing the power densities of the Pareto Optimal designs an approximate relation between optimal pad sizes and the air gap is derived. Results show that there is an exponential relationship between the optimal coupler sizes and the nominal air gap.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2019-05-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2437b955-3606-41f6-9bd6-b9da2c5965c5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2437b955-3606-41f6-9bd6-b9da2c5965c5","Modular Multilevel Converter Performance with Dynamic MVDC Distribution Link Voltage Rating","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Back-to-back Modular multilevel converters (MMC) for medium voltage dc (MVDC) distribution link applications offer exciting opportunities due to its superior harmonic performance and high efficiency. Based on the steady state equations, it is shown that under specific active and reactive power operation, an increase in dc link voltage can be achieved without necessarily increasing the voltage seen by the MMC submodule components. Using steady state loss model, it is proved that the converter operating efficiency can be improved if this concept is applied.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d36c154b-68ab-4111-bda9-0b7272b717a9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d36c154b-68ab-4111-bda9-0b7272b717a9","Suitable Submodule Switch Rating for Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converter Design","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","Omekanda, A.M. (editor)","2018","An important step in Voltage-Source Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) design is the selection of adequate semiconductor blocking voltage class. This paper highlights that particularly for grid connected medium voltage applications, the choice of suitable switch blocking voltage class is not so straightforward. The market available switch voltage ratings results in a discrete integer relationship for the number of submodules (N) with a fixed dc link voltage. This is shown to introduce interesting design trade-offs in consideration to investment costs, required capacitance for reasonable ripple voltage, submodule redundancy requirements, conduction switching losses. Using the example of a 10 MVA half bridge MMC connected to a 10 kV grid, it is shown that 1.7 kV and 3.3 kV insulated gate bipolar transitors (IGBTs) can be possible choices as compared to 1.2 kV, 4.5 kV and 6.5 kV blocking voltage.","Cascaded cells; Half bridge; High power; IGBT; Medium voltage distribution; Multilevel converter design; MVDC; Number of submodules; Optimum semiconductor voltage level","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b6797eb5-537c-4a6c-b7a1-b7d18081fea1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b6797eb5-537c-4a6c-b7a1-b7d18081fea1","Stability and Decentralized Control of Plug-and-Play DC Distribution Grids","van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Spaan, M.T.J. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Changes in distribution grids pose significant challenges with respect to the control and management of these grids. Stability and decentralized control are vital to ensure the availability and accessibility of plug-and-play dc distribution grids that are (temporarily) without communication. Therefore, this paper presents guidelines for these grids that ensure global stability and a decentralized control strategy that implements these stability guidelines. The stability guidelines are derived using a Brayton-Moser representation of the system to arrive at a Lyapunov candidate function. Furthermore, the decentralized control strategy implements these stability guidelines and ensures that the voltages in the system remain within a specified range. Additionally, several simulations are performed to illustrate the stability of the system and the behavior of the control strategy under different scenarios.","DC distribution grid; Decentralized control; decentralised control; Guidelines; Impedance; microgrid; plug-and-play; Power system stability; stability; Stability criteria; Topology","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:12da8ec1-eb18-4d04-b631-cda2550907e1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:12da8ec1-eb18-4d04-b631-cda2550907e1","Magnetic and Electric Transverse Spin Density of Spatially Confined Light","Neugebauer, Martin (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Eismann, Jörg S. (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab); Banzer, Peter (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg)","","2018","When a beam of light is laterally confined, its field distribution can exhibit points where the local magnetic and electric field vectors spin in a plane containing the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave. The phenomenon indicates the presence of a nonzero transverse spin density. Here, we experimentally investigate this transverse spin density of both magnetic and electric fields, occurring in highly confined structured fields of light. Our scheme relies on the utilization of a high-refractive-index nanoparticle as a local field probe, exhibiting magnetic and electric dipole resonances in the visible spectral range. Because of the directional emission of dipole moments that spin around an axis parallel to a nearby dielectric interface, such a probe particle is capable of locally sensing the magnetic and electric transverse spin density of a tightly focused beam impinging under normal incidence with respect to said interface. We exploit the achieved experimental results to emphasize the difference between magnetic and electric transverse spin densities.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:332ff6a3-5019-495c-9674-1e12c844f1ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:332ff6a3-5019-495c-9674-1e12c844f1ae","Type IV Wind Turbine System Impedance Modelling for Harmonic Analysis: On the Use of a Double Synchronous Reference Frame and Notch Filter","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Several efforts are being done nowadays to improve the modelling of Wind Turbine Systems (WTSs) for harmonic analysis in Offshore Wind Power Plants (OWPPs). Due to the high influence of the different control structures in the Power Electronic Converters (PECs) on the dynamic response of a WTS, each structure needs to be modelled specifically. Following these lines, this paper addresses the impedance part of the harmonic model in the case of a double Synchronous Reference Frame control structure. The main focus lies on the correct modelling of one of the main elements of this structure: the notch filter tuned at twice the fundamental frequency. The inclusion or disregard of this notch filter is very important because, as shown in works by other authors, this filter can have a big influence in the shaping of the WTS output impedance and such of the OWPP. However, the modelling procedure for the notch filter followed previously ignores the cross-couplings that this element creates in the αβ frame, which leads to a wrong calculation of the WTS impedance in the lower frequency range. The proper modelling of this notch filter and its implications are detailed in the paper first theoretically and then by numerical simulations.","wind turbine harmonic model; Offshore wind power plants; notch filter; double Synchronous Reference Frame","en","conference paper","Energynautics GmbH","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9465e3a5-4ac0-4dc7-92ac-84d25fc3e63b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9465e3a5-4ac0-4dc7-92ac-84d25fc3e63b","Damping of Magnetization Dynamics by Phonon Pumping","Streib, S.D. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Keshtgar, Hedyeh (Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2018","We theoretically investigate pumping of phonons by the dynamics of a magnetic film into a nonmagnetic contact. The enhanced damping due to the loss of energy and angular momentum shows interference patterns as a function of the resonance frequency and magnetic film thickness that cannot be described by viscous (""Gilbert"") damping. The phonon pumping depends on the magnetization direction as well as geometrical and material parameters and is observable, e.g., in thin films of yttrium iron garnet on a thick dielectric substrate.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:ad016aef-9e3e-493b-a63c-021f8bba9913","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ad016aef-9e3e-493b-a63c-021f8bba9913","Optical Cooling of Magnons","Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2018","Inelastic scattering of light by spin waves generates an energy flow between the light and magnetization fields, a process that can be enhanced and controlled by concentrating the light in magneto-optical resonators. Here, we model the cooling of a sphere made of a magnetic insulator, such as yttrium iron garnet, using a monochromatic laser source. When the magnon lifetimes are much larger than the optical ones, we can treat the latter as a Markovian bath for magnons. The steady-state magnons are canonically distributed with a temperature that is controlled by the light intensity. We predict that such a cooling process can significantly reduce the temperature of the magnetic order within current technology.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:7d687d6f-a2b2-41f9-965a-c89bc25e331a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7d687d6f-a2b2-41f9-965a-c89bc25e331a","Energy Management System with PV Power Forecast to Optimally Charge EVs at the Workplace","van der Meer, Dennis (Uppsala University); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Morales-Espana, G. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","This paper presents the design of an energy management system (EMS) capable of forecasting photovoltaic (PV) power production and optimizing power flows between PV system, grid, and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) at the workplace. The aim is to minimize charging cost while reducing energy demand from the grid by increasing PV self-consumption and consequently increasing sustainability of the BEV fleet. The developed EMS consists of two components: An autoregressive integrated moving average model to predict PV power production and a mixed-integer linear programming framework that optimally allocates power to minimize charging cost. The results show that the developed EMS is able to reduce charging cost significantly, while increasing PV self-consumption and reducing energy consumption from the grid. Furthermore, during a case study analogous to one repeatedly considered in the literature, i.e., dynamic purchase tariff and dynamic feed-in tariff, the EMS reduces charging cost by 118.44 % and 427.45% in case of one and two charging points, respectively, when compared to an uncontrolled charging policy.","Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA); electric vehicles; energy management system (EMS); forecast; mixed-integer linear programming (MILP); solar carport","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-03","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:777a8f5f-d497-4055-8f69-581f090a393b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:777a8f5f-d497-4055-8f69-581f090a393b","Detection of series arcs using load side voltage drop for protection of low voltage DC Systems","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Mackay, L.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Low voltage dc distribution grids face issues associated with arc faults, aggravated by the absence of current zero crossing. The focus of this paper is to comprehensively develop a method of series arc fault detection at the load side power electronics, based on the electrode dependent initial voltage drop occurring at the arc initiation. The proposed arc detection algorithm is described along with the structure and time constants of the designed bandpass filter. The operational boundaries of the arc detection algorithm are defined for copper electrodes depending on the set threshold voltage and the system parameters, like grid inductance, resistance, and the load capacitance. Further, the detection time and the zone of guaranteed positive detection are depicted. These are validated through test simulations on the state space model of the system. Finally, experimental validation of the proposed scheme is carried out, wherein, a series arc is generated in the dc circuit and the programmed micro-controller provides a real time signal upon detecting the arcing event. The results on variation in detection time with set threshold voltage are also presented experimentally.","Arcs; boundaries; dc; detection; distribution grids; elimination; experimental; faults; low voltage; microgrids; operational; protection; safety; selectivity; series","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9895af12-53da-41c7-83b2-cf93adcd6bff","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9895af12-53da-41c7-83b2-cf93adcd6bff","Roadway to self-healing highways with integrated wireless electric vehicle charging and sustainable energy harvesting technologies","Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Visser, E.R.A. (Student TU Delft); Scheele, Natalia (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design)","","2018","Development of electric mobility and sustainable energy result in new technologies such as contactless electric vehicle charging and roadway energy harvesting methods, but also self-healing asphalt roads. By combining these technologies a new concept of Future Sustainable Roads for Electric Mobility is created and presented in the paper. This paper bridges the gap created by these unilateral technology developments using a multi-disciplinary approach including placing cautions when necessary and suggesting viable alternatives for optimal utilization of these energy transfer and conversion techniques. Through theoretical analysis, simulations, and tests on lab-scale experimental prototypes, the impact of our proposal is showcased. Thermal and loss models are developed for self-healing asphalt. Also, integration study of solar roads and contactless charging is performed. Applying the insight gained from the results, it is discussed how some challenges also pave a way towards interesting opportunities, for instance, infrastructure sharing for material use optimization and efficient mosaic integration. Finally, an economic viability case study is presented for a future Dutch highway with such newly emerging components.","Contactless power transfer; Electric vehicles; Green energy; Inductive healing; IPT; Renewable energy; Self-healing roads","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1cf145c2-4983-4cb6-a92b-3518ad1f93cb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1cf145c2-4983-4cb6-a92b-3518ad1f93cb","Optimal Power Flow for Unbalanced Bipolar DC Distribution Grids","Mackay, L.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Guarnotta, Robin (Student TU Delft); Dimou, Anastasios (Student TU Delft); Morales-Espana, G. (ECN, Petten); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","The emergence of distributed energy resources can lead to congestion in distribution grids. DC distribution grids are becoming more relevant as more sources and loads connected to the low voltage grid use dc. Bipolar dc distribution grids with asymmetric loading can experience partial congestion resulting in a nodal price difference between the two polarities if a respective market model is applied. In order to take into account this price difference, this paper presents an optimal power flow (OPF) model formulated in terms of voltage and current. In the case of bipolar dc distribution grids, the single line approximation is no longer valid because current can flow in the neutral conductors as well. Moreover, loads and sources can be connected between any two nodes in the network. The proposed exact OPF formulation includes bilinear equations. The locational marginal prices (LMP) are derived by linearizing the problem at the optimal solution. Example cases show the various phenomena that can appear under asymmetric loading, such as pole-to-pole connections combined with pole-to-neutral connections, parallel sources, meshed grids and their effect on the LMP.","congestion managament; DC distribution grid; locational marginal prices; optimal power flow","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b874ec69-ec4b-418c-8775-4f8424e6b931","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b874ec69-ec4b-418c-8775-4f8424e6b931","Selection rules for cavity-enhanced Brillouin light scattering from magnetostatic modes","Haigh, J. A. (Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory); Lambert, N. J. (University of Cambridge); Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University); Ramsay, A. J. (Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory)","","2018","We identify experimentally the magnetostatic modes active for Brillouin light scattering in the optical whispering gallery modes of a yttrium iron garnet sphere. Each mode is identified by magnetic-field dispersion of ferromagnetic-resonance spectroscopy and coupling strength to the known field distribution of the microwave drive antenna. Our optical measurements confirm recent predictions that higher-order magnetostatic modes can also generate optical scattering, according to the selection rules derived from the axial symmetry. From this we summarize the selection rules for Brillouin light scattering. We give experimental evidence that the optomagnonic coupling to nonuniform magnons can be higher than that of the uniform Kittel mode.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:fcdb5360-9936-47d3-bcbe-00524e2071d2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fcdb5360-9936-47d3-bcbe-00524e2071d2","Theory of spin and lattice wave dynamics excited by focused laser pulses","Shen, K. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Beijing Normal University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2018","We develop a theory of spin wave dynamics excited by ultrafast focused laser pulses in a magnetic film. We take into account both the volume and surface spin wave modes in the presence of applied, dipolar and magnetic anisotropy fields and include the dependence on laser spot exposure size and magnetic damping. We show that the sound waves generated by local heating by an ultrafast focused laser pulse can excite a wide spectrum of spin waves (on top of a dominant magnon-phonon contribution). Good agreement with recent experiments supports the validity of the model.","magnetoelasticity; magnons; phonons; pump-and-probe; spin waves dynamics","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2019-05-11","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:e1ff3160-1158-4bad-8e5d-23b740237c7f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e1ff3160-1158-4bad-8e5d-23b740237c7f","Estimating battery lifetimes in Solar Home System design using a practical modelling methodology","Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Papakosta, Thekla (Student TU Delft); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Popovic, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2018","The rapid increase in the adoption of Solar Home Systems (SHS) in recent times hopes to ameliorate the global problem of energy poverty. The battery is a vital but usually the most expensive part of an SHS; owing to the least lifetime among other SHS components, it is also the first to fail. Estimating battery lifetime is a critical task for SHS design. However, it is also a complex task due to the reliance on experimental data or modelling cell level electrochemical phenomena for specific battery technologies and application use-case. Another challenge is that the existing electrochemical models are not application-specific to Solar Home Systems. This paper presents a practical, non-empirical battery lifetime estimation methodology specific to the application and the available candidate battery choices. An application-specific SHS simulation is carried out, and the battery activity is analyzed. A practical dynamic battery lifetime estimation method is introduced, which captures the fading capacity of the battery dynamically through every micro-cycle. This method was compared with an overall non-empirical battery lifetime estimation method, and the dynamic lifetime estimation method was found to be more conservative but practical. Cyclic ageing of the battery was thus quantified and the relative lifetimes of 4 battery technologies are compared, viz. Lead-acid gel, Flooded lead-acid, Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery. For the same SHS use-case, State-of-Health (SOH) estimations from an empirical model for LiFePO4 is compared with those obtained from the described methodology, and the results are found to be within 2.8%. The relevance of this work in an SHS application is demonstrated through a delicate balance between battery sizing and lifetime. Based on the intended application and battery manufacturer's data, the practical methodology described in this paper can potentially help SHS designers in estimating battery lifetimes and therefore making optimal SHS design choices.","Battery lifetime model; Battery sizing; Cyclic ageing; Dynamic battery lifetime estimation; Solar Home Systems","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:369f53ec-77a8-46ab-b8d8-91928631a2ec","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:369f53ec-77a8-46ab-b8d8-91928631a2ec","Indirect coupling of magnons by cavity photons","Zare Rameshti, Babak; Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Tohoku University)","","2018","The interaction between two magnetic spheres in microwave cavities is studied by Mie scattering theory beyond the magnetostatic and rotating wave approximations. We demonstrate that two spatially separated dielectric and magnetic spheres can be strongly coupled over a long distance by the electric field component of standing microwave cavity modes. The interactions split acoustical (dark) and optical (bright) modes in a way that can be mapped on a molecular orbital theory of the hydrogen molecule. Breaking the symmetry by assigning different radii to the two spheres introduces ""ionic"" character to the magnonic bonds. These results illustrate the coherent and controlled energy exchange between objects in microwave cavities.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:9e78aa79-63d5-47f4-9f72-9b49e48c0508","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9e78aa79-63d5-47f4-9f72-9b49e48c0508","Proposal for a EU quality label for aerospace education","Bernelli-Zazzera, Franco (Politecnico di Milano); Angeles, Maria (University of Seville); Prats, Martin (University of Seville); Marulo, Francesco (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); Hanus, Daniel (Czech Technical University); Melkert, J.A. (TU Delft Flight Performance and Propulsion); Guglieri, Giorgio (Politecnico di Torino); Bauer, Pascal (CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA); Pantelaki, Irene (EASN TIS); Wasser, Iring (ASIIN); Deconinck, Herman (von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics); Bosilca, Ruxandra (National Institute of Aerospace Research “ELIE CARAFOLI” - INCAS); Saari, Hanna-Kaisa (Aerospace Valley)","Gherman, B. (editor); Porumbel, I. (editor)","2018","The paper presents a possible roadmap for the definition of a European quality label for aerospace related higher education degrees. The proposal is the result of a two-years long Horizon 2020 project that has involved a great portion of the European stakeholders in aerospace: Universities, research centres, industries (both small and large) networks, associations and accreditation agencies. The core concept established is that it is possible to establish a sector-specific, content based, quality system, that can complement the existing national or European accreditation systems, providing added value to the internal and/or external quality assurance processes that are in place in most EU countries. The tools and processes proposed are sufficiently simple to be manageable by Universities in addition to their national accreditation processes or as stand-alone assessment. The main goal of the proposed process is the evaluation of the quality of the aerospace curricula in the European context, whereas the accreditation of the programme can be seen as an optional extension of the process, subject to further national regulations. The process is proposed in view of the awarding of a sector-specific, content based, quality label, to be issued by an appropriate legally recognized and qualified institution. 8 field tests with volunteering universities throughout Europe have been performed. They experienced the method as very practical and to the point.","aerospace higher education; quality in education; learning outcomes","en","conference paper","Elsevier","","","","","","","","","","Flight Performance and Propulsion","","",""
"uuid:d5c2ad89-96b9-4714-a234-d77bb8f1781d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d5c2ad89-96b9-4714-a234-d77bb8f1781d","Impact of DC Voltage Enhancement on Partial Discharges in Medium Voltage Cables: An Empirical Study with Defects at Semicon-Dielectric Interface","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Feng, Xianyong (The University of Texas at Austin); Gattozzi, Angelo (The University of Texas at Austin); Hebner, Robert E. (The University of Texas at Austin); Wardell, Douglas (The University of Texas at Austin); Strank, Shannon (The University of Texas at Austin); Mor, A. R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","A scientific consensus is emerging on the benefits of direct current (DC) distribution in medium voltage (MV) power systems of ships and cities. At least 50% space savings and increased power transfer capacity are estimated with enhanced voltage DC operation of electric cables. The goal of this research is to contribute to developing the empirical knowledge on the insulation performance in order to validate the feasibility of such anticipated gains of DC versus alternating current (AC), and to determine the comparative impact of different operational conditions from a component engineering point of view. The partial discharge (PD) activity in cables is measured under AC and DC conditions as an indicator of insulation performance. Specifically, PDs in defects at the semicon-insulation interface are studied in terms of inception voltage, repetition rate and discharge magnitude. Empirical understanding is drawn for operating voltage and frequency dependence of the discharge behavior in such voids in the range of 10 to 20 kV and 0 to 0.1 Hz, respectively. The change in PD activity with void evolution post temperature-induced ageing process is explored","AC; comparison; DC; discharges; measurements; medium voltage; PD; partial discharges; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c40f14fc-b4ba-498a-84c4-f2b745b4417b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c40f14fc-b4ba-498a-84c4-f2b745b4417b","Power Curve and Design Optimization of Drag Power Kites","Bauer, Florian (Technical University of Munich); Kennel, Ralp M. (Technical University of Munich); Hackl, Christoph M. (Technical University of Munich); Campagnolo, Filippo (Technical University of Munich); Patt, Michael (Hochschule Kempten); Schmehl, Roland (Delft University of Technology)","","2017","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:49b5107a-575b-4d6e-a808-75dad1df4be8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:49b5107a-575b-4d6e-a808-75dad1df4be8","Observation of the spin Nernst effect","Meyer, S (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Technische Universität München); Chen, Y. (TU Delft QN/Nazarov Group; RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Wimmer, S. (Ludwig Maximilians University); Althammer, M (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften); Wimmer, T. (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Technische Universität München); Schlitz, Richard (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften); Geprags, S (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften); Huebl, H (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Technische Universität München; Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM)); Kodderitzsch, D. (Ludwig Maximilians University); Ebert, H. (Ludwig Maximilians University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Gross, R (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Technische Universität München; Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM)); Goennenwein, S. T.B. (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Technische Universität München; Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM))","","2017","The observation of the spin Hall effect triggered intense research on pure spin current transport. With the spin Hall effect, the spin Seebeck effect and the spin Peltier effect already observed, our picture of pure spin current transport is almost complete. The only missing piece is the spin Nernst (-Ettingshausen) effect, which so far has been discussed only on theoretical grounds. Here, we report the observation of the spin Nernst effect. By applying a longitudinal temperature gradient, we generate a pure transverse spin current in a Pt thin film. For readout, we exploit the magnetization-orientation-dependent spin transfer to an adjacent yttrium iron garnet layer, converting the spin Nernst current in Pt into a controlled change of the longitudinal and transverse thermopower voltage. Our experiments show that the spin Nernst and the spin Hall effect in Pt are of comparable magnitude, but differ in sign, as corroborated by first-principles calculations.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","2018-03-11","","","QN/Nazarov Group","","",""
"uuid:943ddda9-3847-4290-a3c2-5802d0f052cb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:943ddda9-3847-4290-a3c2-5802d0f052cb","Light scattering by magnons in whispering gallery mode cavities","Sharma, S. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University)","","2017","Brillouin light scattering is an established technique to study magnons, the elementary excitations of a magnet. Its efficiency can be enhanced by cavities that concentrate the light intensity. Here, we theoretically study inelastic scattering of photons by a magnetic sphere that supports optical whispering gallery modes in a plane normal to the magnetization. Magnons with low angular momenta scatter the light in the forward direction with a pronounced asymmetry in the Stokes and the anti-Stokes scattering strength, consistent with earlier studies. Magnons with large angular momenta constitute Damon-Eschbach modes which are shown to inelastically reflect light. The reflection spectrum contains either a Stokes or anti-Stokes peak, depending on the direction of the magnetization, a selection rule that can be explained by the chirality of the Damon-Eshbach magnons. The controllable energy transfer can be used to manage the thermodynamics of the magnet by light.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:986dfce4-c40d-47d5-8bec-a1e2e0d68ec6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:986dfce4-c40d-47d5-8bec-a1e2e0d68ec6","DC microgrid islands on ships","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Since shipboard power systems are inherently islanded and consist of energy intensive sources and loads, it is an interesting application for dc microgrids. The object of this paper is to explore the merits of dc based shipboard power distribution as compared to conventional ac solutions. A survey of current initiatives, emerging concepts and design challenges is carried out. Based on the review, insight is offered on different aspects like efficiency, safety, and reliability and their relevant tradeoffs. It will be discussed how the interplay of reliability and availability, driven by the computational cost of optimization and restoration goals, forms the heart of reconfigurability.","Generators; Marine vehicles; Reliability; Turbines; Power system reliability; Propulsion","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c659c1a3-890d-47a6-b21c-997388b0b6c0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c659c1a3-890d-47a6-b21c-997388b0b6c0","Toward the Universal DC Distribution System","Mackay, L.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","AbstractDue to an increasing number of power generation units and load devices operating with direct current (DC) at distribution level, there is a potential benefit of leading efforts toward building a DC distribution system. However, the implementation of DC distribution systems faces important challenges, including the market inertia of AC systems and standardization. Many of the benefits that are attributed to DC can only be realized if a complete DC system is developed, and not if only a few components are replaced. This paper presents the concept of a universal DC distribution system, as envisioned by the authors. The universal DC distribution system could be implemented in various use cases, but could also completely replace AC distribution grids. The paper covers the possibilities of having DC nanogrids inside buildings, DC microgrids in neighborhoods, and the connection to AC and DC medium voltage grids. Furthermore, considerations regarding flexibility, electricity market design, control, and protection are presented.","distribution system; LVDC; microgrid; nanogrid; DC distribution grid","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6fc5d3fd-54da-453b-b238-0d901d7aa1ac","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6fc5d3fd-54da-453b-b238-0d901d7aa1ac","All-optical observation and reconstruction of spin wave dispersion","Hashimoto, Yusuke (Tohoku University); Daimon, Shunsuke (Tohoku University); Iguchi, Ryo (Tohoku University); Oikawa, Yasuyuki (Tohoku University); Shen, K. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group); Sato, Koji (Tohoku University); Bossini, Davide (University of Tokyo); Tabuchi, Yutaka (University of Tokyo); Satoh, Takuya (Kyushu University); Hillebrands, Burkard (Technische Universität Kaiserslautern); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University); Johansen, Tom H. (Universitetet i Oslo; University of Wollongong); Kirilyuk, Andrei (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen); Rasing, Theo (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen); Saitoh, Eiji (Tohoku University; Japan Atomic Energy Agency)","","2017","To know the properties of a particle or a wave, one should measure how its energy changes with its momentum. The relation between them is called the dispersion relation, which encodes essential information of the kinetics. In a magnet, the wave motion of atomic spins serves as an elementary excitation, called a spin wave, and behaves like a fictitious particle. Although the dispersion relation of spin waves governs many of the magnetic properties, observation of their entire dispersion is one of the challenges today. Spin waves whose dispersion is dominated by magnetostatic interaction are called pure-magnetostatic waves, which are still missing despite of their practical importance. Here, we report observation of the band dispersion relation of pure-magnetostatic waves by developing a table-top all-optical spectroscopy named spin-wave tomography. The result unmasks characteristics of pure-magnetostatic waves. We also demonstrate time-resolved measurements, which reveal coherent energy transfer between spin waves and lattice vibrations.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:fcea6bff-8764-4c2c-acbf-5c07bab643e5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fcea6bff-8764-4c2c-acbf-5c07bab643e5","Design and comparison of a 10-kW interleaved boost converter for PV application using Si and SiC devices","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Schijffelen, Jos H. (Power Research Electronics BV); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2017","Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters have a dc/dc converter connected to the PV for executing the maximum power point tracking. The design of an interleaved boost converter (IBC) with three switching legs for a 10-kW PV inverter is presented in this paper. This paper shows how the use of silicon carbide (SiC) switches and powdered iron core inductors enables the operation of the converter at a higher switching frequency and when increasing the converter power density. The IBC is designed using a 1.2-kV SiC MOSFET and Schottky diodes and Kool Mμ powdered iron inductors. The design is compared with an IBC built with a silicon (Si) IGBT, fast recovery Si diodes, and ferrite cores. The use of SiC devices reduces the switching loses drastically and there are no reverse recovery losses, resulting in improved efficiency. The higher frequency and higher saturation flux density of the powdered iron core enable the reduction in core size by three times. A 10-kW prototype is built and tested for both the Si and SiC designs and compared with theoretical estimations.","Interleaved boost converter (IBC); Photovoltaic (PV) systems; Powered iron core; Silicon carbide (SiC)","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:65eb8f3f-d6c7-4e86-b9a5-0cb1727a6ae0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:65eb8f3f-d6c7-4e86-b9a5-0cb1727a6ae0","Understanding the Present and the Future Electricity Needs: Consequences for Design of Future Solar Home Systems for Off-Grid Rural Electrification","den Heeten, Thomas (External organisation); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Diehl, J.C. (TU Delft Design for Sustainability); Verschelling, Jeroen (Kamworks Ltd.); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); Popovic, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2017","Solar Home Systems (SHSs) can fulfil the basic energy needs of the globally unelectrified population. With costs as one of the biggest barriers for SHS uptake, optimizing the system size with energy needs is crucial. Where most solutions focus only on the present needs, this work also addresses the future energy needs. The methodology includes extensive mapping of the current electricity needs in rural Cambodia through data analysis on existing SHSs in the field. Additionally, a 2-month field research was carried out in Cambodia to assess the qualitative state of electricity usage and investigate the future (2021) energy needs. A data analysis was performed on 111 SHSs (100 Wp, 1200 Wh).
SHS users were found to have a mean energy consumption of 310 Wh/day, with σ = 159 Wh. Most energy was consumed at night. The field research showed a clear demand for more energy and more appliances. The appliances attached to SHS in the future will be more diverse in power consumption and usage duration, resulting in a wide variety of energy consumption and high power peaks, causing fast and deep battery discharges. Three load profiles are presented. Solutions are discussed that can be applied to ensure the SHSs fit with future energy needs.","energy consumption; energy matching; load profile; low-income countries; solar home system; rural electrification","en","conference paper","Cape Peninsula University of Technology","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:eeafd234-b71d-4ac3-81b6-7e0d6c6f78cb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:eeafd234-b71d-4ac3-81b6-7e0d6c6f78cb","Magnetomechanical coupling and ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic nanoparticles","Keshtgar, H. (Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan); Streib, S.D. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group); Kamra, Akashdeep (Universität Konstanz); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University)","","2017","We address the theory of the coupled lattice and magnetization dynamics of freely suspended single-domain nanoparticles. Magnetic anisotropy generates low-frequency satellite peaks in the microwave absorption spectrum and a blueshift of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency. The low-frequency resonances are very sharp with maxima exceeding that of the FMR, because their magnetic and mechanical precessions are locked, thereby suppressing the effective Gilbert damping. Magnetic nanoparticles can operate as nearly ideal motors that convert electromagnetic into mechanical energy. The Barnett damping term is essential for obtaining physically meaningful results.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:38a15539-cd66-4ef2-a6e7-a3f7cdcf53d6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:38a15539-cd66-4ef2-a6e7-a3f7cdcf53d6","Magnon-polaron transport in magnetic insulators","Flebus, Benedetta (Universiteit Utrecht); Shen, K. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group); Kikkawa, Takashi (Tohoku University); Uchida, Ken Ichi (Tohoku University; National Institute for Materials Science; Japan Science and Technology Agency); Qiu, Zhiyong (Tohoku University); Saitoh, Eiji (Tohoku University; Japan Atomic Energy Agency); Duine, Rembert A. (Universiteit Utrecht; Eindhoven University of Technology); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University)","","2017","We theoretically study the effects of strong magnetoelastic coupling on the transport properties of magnetic insulators. We develop a Boltzmann transport theory for the mixed magnon-phonon modes (""magnon polarons"") and determine transport coefficients and the spin diffusion length. Magnon-polaron formation causes anomalous features in the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the spin Seebeck effect when the disorder scattering in the magnetic and elastic subsystems is sufficiently different. Experimental data by Kikkawa [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 207203 (2016)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.117.207203] on yttrium iron garnet films can be explained by an acoustic quality that is much better than the magnetic quality of the material. We predict similar anomalous features in the spin and heat conductivity and nonlocal spin transport experiments.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:d0a17232-9216-426b-ac52-7b861a805a45","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d0a17232-9216-426b-ac52-7b861a805a45","Magnetic-proximity-induced magnetoresistance on topological insulators","Chiba, Takahiro (Tohoku University); Takahashi, Saburo (Tohoku University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2017","We theoretically study the magnetoresistance (MR) of two-dimensional massless Dirac electrons as found on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) that are capped by a ferromagnetic insulator (FI). We calculate charge and spin transport by Kubo and Boltzmann theories, taking into account the ladder-vertex correction and the in-scattering due to normal and magnetic disorder. The induced exchange splitting is found to generate an electric conductivity that depends on the magnetization orientation, but its form is very different from both the anisotropic and the spin Hall MR. The in-plane MR vanishes identically for nonmagnetic disorder, while out-of-plane magnetizations cause a large MR ratio. On the other hand, we do find an in-plane MR and planar Hall effect in the presence of magnetic disorder aligned with the FI magnetization. Our results may help us understand recent transport measurements on TI|FI systems.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:6d134d93-19e1-4159-aad3-37bbbb2c7c88","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6d134d93-19e1-4159-aad3-37bbbb2c7c88","First-principles study of exchange interactions of yttrium iron garnet","Xie, Li Shan (Beijing Normal University); Jin, Guang Xi (University of Science and Technology of China); He, Lixin (University of Science and Technology of China); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University); Barker, Joseph (Tohoku University); Xia, Ke (Beijing Normal University)","","2017","Yttrium iron garnet is the ubiquitous magnetic insulator used for studying pure spin currents. The exchange constants reported in the literature vary considerably between different experiments and fitting procedures. Here we calculate them from first principles. The local Coulomb correction (U-J) of density-functional theory is chosen such that the parametrized spin model reproduces the experimental Curie temperature and a large electronic band gap, ensuring an insulating phase. The magnon spectrum calculated with our parameters agrees reasonably well with that measured by neutron scattering. A residual disagreement about the frequencies of optical modes indicates the limits of the present methodology.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:2e7b60df-5fde-478b-a0fb-f70da6e9f7ed","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2e7b60df-5fde-478b-a0fb-f70da6e9f7ed","Energy repartition in the nonequilibrium steady state","Yan, Peng (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University); Zhang, Huaiwu (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)","","2017","The concept of temperature in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is an outstanding theoretical issue. We propose an energy repartition principle that leads to a spectral (mode-dependent) temperature in steady-state nonequilibrium systems. The general concepts are illustrated by analytic solutions of the classical Heisenberg spin chain connected to Langevin heat reservoirs with arbitrary temperature profiles. Gradients of external magnetic fields are shown to localize spin waves in a Wannier-Zeemann fashion, while magnon interactions renormalize the spectral temperature. Our generic results are applicable to other thermodynamic systems such as Newtonian liquids, elastic solids, and Josephson junctions.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:919be950-af26-43f0-863b-7dd3b11def49","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:919be950-af26-43f0-863b-7dd3b11def49","Grid capacity and efficiency enhancement by operating medium voltage AC cables as DC links with modular multilevel converters","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kontos, E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Mor, A. R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","It is anticipated that with the thrust towards use of clean energy resources such as electric vehicles, future distribution grids will face a steep increase in power demand, forcing the utility operators to invest in enhancing the power delivering capacity of the grid infrastructure. It is identified that the critical 5–20 km medium voltage (MV) underground ac distribution cable link, responsible for bulk power delivery to the inner urban city substation, can benefit the most with capacity and efficiency enhancement, if the existing infrastructure is reused and operated under dc. Quantification of the same is offered in this paper by incorporating all influencing factors like voltage regulation, dc voltage rating enhancement, capacitive leakage currents, skin and magnetic proximity effect, thermal proximity effect and load power factor. Results are presented for three different ac and dc system topologies for varying cable lengths and conductor cross-sections. The computed system efficiency is enhanced with use of modular multilevel converters that have lower losses due to lower switching frequency. A justified expectation of 50–60% capacity gains is proved along with a generalized insight on its variations that can be extrapolated for different network parameters and configurations. Conditions for achieving payback time of 5 years or lower due to energy savings are identified, while the socio-economic benefits of avoiding digging and installing new cable infrastructure are highlighted. The technical implications of refurbishing cables designed for ac to operate under dc conditions is discussed in terms of imposed electric fields, thermal profile and lifetime. A novel opportunity of temperature dependent dynamic dc voltage rating to achieve additional capacity and efficiency gains is presented.","Capacity; Dc links; Cables; Dynamic rating; Efficiency; Electric fields; Grid; Medium voltage; MMC; Payback","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fb3b02cb-216e-40be-a1d7-6ba8504e5120","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fb3b02cb-216e-40be-a1d7-6ba8504e5120","Charging Electric Vehicles from Solar Energy: Integrated Converter and Charging Algorithms","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Van Der Meer, Dennis (External organisation); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy); Schijffelen, Jos H. (Power Research Electronics BV); van den Heuvel, Mike (Power Research Electronics BV); Kardolus, Menno (Power Research Electronics BV)","","2017","","Electric vehicles; PV system; EV charging; silicon carbide; smart charging; solar energy; MILP","en","abstract","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:720f2c1d-8556-4182-b679-7e00fe30e68a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:720f2c1d-8556-4182-b679-7e00fe30e68a","Real Time Selective Detection of Experimentally Generated DC Series Arcs","Liu, Zhihao (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Localization of series arc faults in dc microgrids is an important requirement to guarantee operational safety and uninterrupted power to end users. In the previous EPE-ECCE proceeding, a theoretical proof was provided for the selective series arc detection using a novel algorithm. In the current paper, the concept is validated by showcasing real time localized detection when series arc is initiated between point of common coupling and one of the parallel loads. Experiments are repeated several times to gain statistical significance to account for the stochastic nature of the arcing phenomenon.","Resistance; Voltage measurement; Inductance; Real-time systems; Threshold voltage; Capacitance; Europe","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e795bc8d-8edb-45b2-bd39-6997f6bc32ad","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e795bc8d-8edb-45b2-bd39-6997f6bc32ad","Future of Electric Vehicle Charging","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EV) will be the key factor for ensuring a smooth transition to e-mobility. This paper focuses on five technologies that will play a fundamental role in this regard: smart charging, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), charging of EVs from photovoltaic panels (PV), contactless charging and on-road charging of EVs. Smart charging of EVs is expected to enable larger penetration of EVs and renewable energy, lower the charging cost and offer better utilization of the grid infrastructure. Bidirectional EV chargers will pave the way for V2G technology where the EV can be used for energy arbitrage and demand-side management. Solar charging of EV will result in sustainable transportation and use of the EV battery as PV storage. On the other hand, stationary contactless charging and on-road inductive charging of EV will remove the necessity for any cables, eliminate range anxiety issues and pave the way for automated driving. The electromagnetic and power converter design for contactless power transfer systems for future highways is reviewed in this paper.","Charging; contactless power transfer; electric vehicles; smart charging; solar energy; vehicle-to-grid","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bf860dae-fa47-4b6d-9b43-d2f1da02e4d1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bf860dae-fa47-4b6d-9b43-d2f1da02e4d1","Physical Integration of a Photovoltaic-Battery System: A Thermal Analysis","Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Solar-battery systems are still expensive, bulky, and space consuming. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel device that combines all the components of a solar-battery system in one device. This device might help reduce installation cost compared to the current solar-battery systems as well as provide a plug-and-play solution. However, this physical integration means higher temperatures for the components. Therefore, this paper presents a thermal analysis of the physical integration concept to evaluate its feasibility, focusing on the batteries, the most delicate components. The thermal analysis was conducted using a Finite Element Method model and validated with experimental results on a prototype. According to the model, the temperature of the components (battery and converters) reduced drastically by adding an air gap of 5–7 cm between the solar panel and the components. Even under severe conditions, maximum battery temperature never surpassed the highest temperature of operation defined by the manufacturer. Moreover, the maximum battery temperature decreases even further by applying a phase change material as a passive cooling method, reducing it by 5 °C. As a result, the battery pack operates in a safe range when combined with a 265 Wp solar panel, demonstrating the potential of this concept for future solar-battery applications.","Solar-battery integration, thermal analisys, thermal management, phase change materials.; Thermal analysis; Thermal management; Phase change materials; Finite element method","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7194f2b4-ca32-439b-9572-1076a4b42993","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7194f2b4-ca32-439b-9572-1076a4b42993","Characterization of Series Arcs in LVdc Microgrids","Liu, Zhihao (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","This paper provides an empirical study on series arc behavior in low voltage dc microgrids. The response of an R-L-C dc microgrid abstraction towards series arcs is studied experimentally for varying grid inductance, dc voltages, load capacitances and load currents. In order to account for the stochastic nature of arcs, experiments are repeated multiple times under similar conditions to gain statistical significance. Thereby, insight on percentage occurrence and burn time of initiated series arcs is provided. Load side voltage response is studied to gain insight on the expected peak drop and fall time. This empirical evidence was judged to be a necessary requirement in developing a novel series arc extinguishing method from load side power electronic devices.","arc characteristics; arcing; dc arc; dc microgrid; protection; series arc","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:541ca256-235b-45f6-bb91-9dac09c7880d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:541ca256-235b-45f6-bb91-9dac09c7880d","Stability of DC Distribution Systems: An Algebraic Derivation","van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Spaan, M.T.J. (TU Delft Algorithmics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Instability caused by low inertia and constant power loads is a major challenge of DC distribution grids. Previous research uses oversimplified models or does not provide general rules for stability. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to analyze the stability of DC distribution systems is desired. This paper presents a method to algebraically analyze the stability of any DC distribution system through the eigenvalues of its state-space matrices. Furthermore, using this method, requirements are found for the stability of three example systems. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is performed, which considers the effect of several system parameters on the stability and disputes some overgeneralized conclusions of previous research. Moreover, various simulations are performed to illustrate the dynamic behavior of a stable and an unstable DC distribution system.","DC distribution; eigenvalues; sensitivity analysis; stability; state-space","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:226b2236-33ba-4361-90a7-30c41885c411","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:226b2236-33ba-4361-90a7-30c41885c411","Internal Balance during Low-Voltage-Ride-Through of the Modular Multilevel Converter STATCOM","Tsolaridis, Georgios (Aalborg University); Kontos, E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chaudhary, Sanjay K. (Aalborg University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Teodorescu, Remus (Aalborg University)","","2017","Grid faults are common in power systems and can have a severe impact on the operation of the converters in the system. In this paper, the operation of a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) is investigated during grid faults. The study focuses on the challenging internal control of the converter to allow the independent control of the energy levels of each arm, with the goal to maintain internal balancing of the MMC during contingencies. Extensive experimental results highlight the need for a sophisticated internal control. Moreover, the experimental analysis verifies that, by using the proposed control structure, the MMC can effectively ride through a fault on the AC side without tripping, while injecting the necessary positive and negative sequence reactive current levels according to the most recent grid codes.","Arm energy balance; Circulating current controller; Grid asymmetries; Low-voltage ride-through; Modular multilevel converter; STATCOM","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:26ecf572-40fa-47af-bd2a-706771b0458a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:26ecf572-40fa-47af-bd2a-706771b0458a","A Generic Matrix Method to Model the Magnetics of Multi-Coil Air-Cored Inductive Power Transfer Systems","Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ferreira, Jan Abraham (TU Delft ESE Programmes)","","2017","This paper deals with a generic methodology to evaluate the magnetic parameters of contactless power transfer systems. Neumann's integral has been used to create a matrix method that can model the magnetics of single coils (circle, square, rectangle). The principle of superposition has been utilized to extend the theory to multi-coil geometries, such as double circular, double rectangle and double rectangle quadrature. Numerical and experimental validation has been performed to validate the analytical models developed. A rigorous application of the analysis has been carried out to study misalignment and hence the efficacy of various geometries to misalignment tolerance. The comparison of single-coil and multi-coil inductive power transfer systems (MCIPT) considering coupling variation with misalignment, power transferred and maximum efficiency is carried out.","Air-cored; Contactless; Coupling; Inductive power transfer; Magnetics; Matrix; Modeling; Multi-coil","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:0e8b96fd-d80b-4ba3-b669-f12d09d59815","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0e8b96fd-d80b-4ba3-b669-f12d09d59815","High Order Voltage and Current Harmonic Mitigation Using the Modular Multilevel Converter STATCOM","Kontos, E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Tsolaridis, Georgios (Aalborg University); Teodorescu, Remus (Aalborg University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Due to the increase of power electronic-based loads, the maintenance of high power quality poses a challenge in modern power systems. To limit the total harmonic distortion in the line voltage and currents at the point of the common coupling (PCC), active power filters are commonly employed. This paper investigates the use of the multilevel modular converter (MMC) for harmonics mitigation due to its high bandwidth compared with conventional converters. A selective harmonics detection method and a harmonics controller are implemented, while the output current controller of the MMC is tuned to selectively inject the necessary harmonic currents. Unlike previous studies, focus is laid on the experimental verification of the active filtering capability of the MMC. For this reason an MMC-based double-star STATCOM is developed and tested for two representative case studies, i.e., for grid currents and PCC voltage harmonics. The results verify the capability of the MMC to mitigate harmonics up to the thirteenth order, while maintaining a low effective switching frequency and thus, low switching losses.","Active power filters; harmonics; MMC; STATCOM","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8972dd51-6063-4435-863e-f9d4baa3cc61","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8972dd51-6063-4435-863e-f9d4baa3cc61","Crystal field effects on spin pumping","Cahaya, A.B. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Tohoku University); Leon, Alejandro O. (Tohoku University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; University Medical Center Groningen)","","2017","""Spin pumping"" is the injection of spin angular momentum by a time-dependent magnetization into an adjacent normal metal proportional to the spin mixing conductance. We study the role of electrostatic interactions in the form of crystal fields on the pumped spin currents generated by insulators with exchange-coupled local moments at the interface to a metal. The crystal field is shown to render the spin currents anisotropic, which implies that the spin mixing conductance of insulator","exchange interaction; spin pumping; spin tronics; crystal field theory; free-electron model; linear response theory","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Blanter Group","","",""
"uuid:112cb7df-e226-4964-9253-19b703d9362a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:112cb7df-e226-4964-9253-19b703d9362a","Modelling of the Peltier effect in magnetic multilayers","Juarez-Acosta, I.; Olivares-Robles, M.A.; Bosu, S.; Sakuraba, Y.; Kubota, T.; Takahashi, S.; Takanashi, K.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2016","We model the charge, spin, and heat currents in ferromagnetic metal?normal metal?normal metal trilayer structures in the two current model, taking into account bulk and interface thermoelectric properties as well as Joule heating. The results include the temperature distribution as well as resistance-current curves that reproduce the observed shifted parabolic characteristics. Thin tunneling barriers can enhance the apparent Peltier cooling. The model agrees with the experimental results for wide multilayer pillars, but the giant effects observed for diameters <100 nm are still under discussion","","en","journal article","AIP Publishing","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:5a6f17e0-34bf-4c22-8345-ff91300b312b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a6f17e0-34bf-4c22-8345-ff91300b312b","Spin pumping into two-dimensional electron systems","Inoue, Takuya (Tohoku University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University); Nomura, Kentaro (Tohoku University)","","2016","We study the spin current injected by spin pumping into single layer graphene and the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with ferromagnetic contacts using scattering theory. The spin currents pumped into graphene are very distinct from that into the 2DEG since they are affected by Klein tunneling.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:e55f7b3d-d660-4e4f-93f8-fee38f9251bf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55f7b3d-d660-4e4f-93f8-fee38f9251bf","Thermal spin dynamics of yttrium iron garnet","Barker, Joseph (Tohoku University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2016","The magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet can be grown with near perfection and is therefore and ideal conduit for spin currents. It is a complex material with 20 magnetic moments in the unit cell. In spite of being a ferrimagnet, YIG is almost always modeled as a simple ferromagnet with a single spin wave mode. We use the method of atomistic spin dynamics to study the temperature evolution of the full spin wave spectrum, in quantitative agreement with neutron scattering experiments. The antiferromagnetic or optical mode is found to suppress the spin Seebeck effect at room temperature and beyond due to thermally pumped spin currents with opposite polarization to the ferromagnetic mode.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:6db63356-1599-40e8-a476-521b9892131c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6db63356-1599-40e8-a476-521b9892131c","Magnon polarons in the spin seebeck effect","Kikkawa, Takashi (Tohoku University); Shen, K. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Flebus, Benedetta (Universiteit Utrecht); Duine, Rembert A. (Universiteit Utrecht; Eindhoven University of Technology); Uchida, Ken Ichi (Tohoku University; Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Institute for Materials Science); Qiu, Zhiyong (Tohoku University; Japan Science and Technology Agency); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Center for Spintronics Research Network; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Saitoh, Eiji (Tohoku University; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Japan Atomic Energy Agency)","","2016","Sharp structures in the magnetic field-dependent spin Seebeck effect (SSE) voltages of Pt/Y3Fe5O12 at low temperatures are attributed to the magnon-phonon interaction. Experimental results are well reproduced by a Boltzmann theory that includes magnetoelastic coupling. The SSE anomalies coincide with magnetic fields tuned to the threshold of magnon-polaron formation. The effect gives insight into the relative quality of the lattice and magnetization dynamics.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:a977bbd2-6cb3-49f0-ad04-5192a93928bb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a977bbd2-6cb3-49f0-ad04-5192a93928bb","Microscopic calculation of thermally induced spin-transfer torques","Kohno, Hiroshi (Nagoya University); Hiraoka, Yuuki (Osaka University); Hatami, Moosa; Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University)","","2016","Spin-transfer torques, both reactive and dissipative, induced by temperature gradients in conducting ferromagnets are calculated microscopically for smooth magnetization textures. Temperature gradients are treated à la Luttinger by introducing a fictitious gravitational field that couples to the energy density. The thermal torque coefficients obtained by the Kubo formula contain unphysical terms that diverge towards zero temperature. Such terms are caused by equilibrium components and should be subtracted before applying the Einstein-Luttinger relation. Only by following this procedure a familiar Mott-like formula is obtained for the dissipative spin-transfer torque. The result indicates that a fictitious field that couples to the entropy rather than energy would solve the issue from the outset.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:14e1043c-a780-4526-b692-a871460ba122","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14e1043c-a780-4526-b692-a871460ba122","Spin Hall magnetoresistance in a canted ferrimagnet","Ganzhorn, Kathrin (Technische Universität München; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften); Barker, Joseph (Tohoku University); Schlitz, Richard (Technische Universität München; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften); Piot, Benjamin A. (Université Grenoble Alpes); Ollefs, Katharina (Universität Duisburg-Essen; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)); Guillou, F. (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)); Wilhelm, Fabrice (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)); Rogalev, Andrei (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2016","We study the spin Hall magnetoresistance effect in ferrimagnet/normal metal bilayers, comparing the response in collinear and canted magnetic phases. In the collinear magnetic phase, in which the sublattice magnetic moments are all aligned along the same axis, we observe the conventional spin Hall magnetoresistance. In contrast, in the canted phase, the magnetoresistance changes sign. Using atomistic spin simulations and x-ray absorption experiments, we can understand these observations in terms of the magnetic field and temperature dependent orientation of magnetic moments on different magnetic sublattices. This enables a magnetotransport based investigation of noncollinear magnetic textures.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:19815f3a-8a0d-4ddf-91b2-c1a20cbe2eba","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19815f3a-8a0d-4ddf-91b2-c1a20cbe2eba","Observation of temperature-gradient-induced magnetization","Hou, Dazhi (Japan Science and Technology Agency; Tohoku University); Qiu, Zhiyong (Japan Science and Technology Agency; Tohoku University); Iguchi, R. (Tohoku University); Sato, K. (Tohoku University); Vehstedt, E. K. (University College London (UCL); Tohoku University); Uchida, K. (Japan Science and Technology Agency; Tohoku University); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Saitoh, E. (Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Tohoku University)","","2016","Applying magnetic fields has been the method of choice to magnetize non-magnetic materials, but they are difficult to focus. The magneto-electric effect and voltage-induced magnetization generate magnetization by applied electric fields, but only in special compounds or heterostructures. Here we demonstrate that a simple metal such as gold can be magnetized by a temperature gradient or magnetic resonance when in contact with a magnetic insulator by observing an anomalous Hall-like effect, which directly proves the breakdown of time-reversal symmetry. Such Hall measurements give experimental access to the spectral spin Hall conductance of the host metal, which is closely related to other spin caloritronics phenomena such as the spin Nernst effect and serves as a reference for theoretical calculation.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:6830aae9-235b-49cb-a0bf-da648b621332","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6830aae9-235b-49cb-a0bf-da648b621332","Magnon spin transport driven by the magnon chemical potential in a magnetic insulator","Cornelissen, L.J. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen); Peters, K. J H (Universiteit Utrecht); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University); Duine, R. A. (Eindhoven University of Technology; Universiteit Utrecht); Van Wees, B. J. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)","","2016","We develop a linear-response transport theory of diffusive spin and heat transport by magnons in magnetic insulators with metallic contacts. The magnons are described by a position-dependent temperature and chemical potential that are governed by diffusion equations with characteristic relaxation lengths. Proceeding from a linearized Boltzmann equation, we derive expressions for length scales and transport coefficients. For yttrium iron garnet (YIG) at room temperature we find that long-range transport is dominated by the magnon chemical potential. We compare the model's results with recent experiments on YIG with Pt contacts [L. J. Cornelissen, Nat. Phys. 11, 1022 (2015)1745-247310.1038/nphys3465] and extract a magnon spin conductivity of σm=5×105 S/m. Our results for the spin Seebeck coefficient in YIG agree with published experiments. We conclude that the magnon chemical potential is an essential ingredient for energy and spin transport in magnetic insulators.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","QN/Bauer Group","","",""
"uuid:85913c20-849d-4ae6-99ee-1686587c3a0a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:85913c20-849d-4ae6-99ee-1686587c3a0a","Green energy based inductive Self-Healing highways of the future","Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Scheele, Natalia (Student TU Delft); Visser, Erwin (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design)","","2016","This paper deals with a green energy highway in the Netherlands. Here, the development of electric mobility and self-driving cars is introduced. The ideas of wireless power integration with green energy technologies - solar and wind is considered. In case of wind energy, conventional turbines and bladeless vortex are considered as options. Solaroads along the emergency lanes are also investigated. A Dutch highway A12 is considered as a case study and sizing of these energy sources for electric mobility is considered. A grid power demand profile is considered and number of EVs that can be charged hourly is calculated. A preliminary investigation of the combination of IPT and Self-Healing roads is considered in this study.","Asphalt; Roads; State of charge; Electric Vehicles; Green products","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4da9682c-b6d8-465f-a160-121fc0bcdc12","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4da9682c-b6d8-465f-a160-121fc0bcdc12","Comparison of PV-Battery Architectures for Residential Applications","Sulaeman, Ilman (External organisation); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","The paper provides a comparison of four PV-battery architectures with dc and ac backbones, in terms of autarky, energy efficiency, battery size and reduction of annual electricity cost. The comparison is conducted based on the residential load and irradiation data from the Netherlands. The effect of different PV generation is also analyzed by comparing the results with irradiation data from Costa Rica. The results show that the ac coupled architecture gives the best performance.","Radiation effects","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2b36898d-1bae-4385-8517-46b099add51b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2b36898d-1bae-4385-8517-46b099add51b","A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Farm Layouts and Electric Infrastructures","Fragoso Rodrigues, S.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Restrepo, C.; Katsouris, G.; Teixeira Pinto, R.; Soleimanzadeh, M.; Bosman, P.; Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","Current offshore wind farms (OWFs) design processes are based on a sequential approach which does not guarantee system optimality because it oversimplifies the problem by discarding important interdependencies between design aspects. This article presents a framework to integrate, automate and optimize the design of OWF layouts and the respective electrical infrastructures. The proposed framework optimizes simultaneously different goals (e.g., annual energy delivered and investment cost) which leads to efficient trade-offs during the design phase, e.g., reduction of wake losses vs collection system length. Furthermore, the proposed framework is independent of economic assumptions, meaning that no a priori values such as the interest rate or energy price, are needed. The proposed framework was applied to the Dutch Borssele areas I and II. A wide range of OWF layouts were obtained through the optimization framework. OWFs with similar energy production and investment cost as layouts designed with standard sequential strategies were obtained through the framework, meaning that the proposed framework has the capability to create different OWF layouts that would have been missed by the designers. In conclusion, the proposed multi-objective optimization framework represents a mind shift in design tools for OWFs which allows cost savings in the design and operation phases.","design parameters; economic functions; multi-objective optimization; offshore wind farms; trade-offs; wind farm designers; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:140b6573-b4bd-466b-8f00-01f17972e60f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:140b6573-b4bd-466b-8f00-01f17972e60f","Origin of the spin Seebeck effect in compensated ferrimagnets","Geprägs, S.; Kehlberger, A.; Coletta, F.D.; Qiu, Z.; Guo, E.J.; Schulz, T.; Mix, C.; Meyer, S.; Kamra, A.; Althammer, M.; Huebl, H.; Jakob, G.; Ohnuma, Y.; Adachi, H.; Barker, J.; Maekawa, S.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Saitoh, E.; Gross, R.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.; Kläui, M.","","2016","Magnons are the elementary excitations of a magnetically ordered system. In ferromagnets, only a single band of low-energy magnons needs to be considered, but in ferrimagnets the situation is more complex owing to different magnetic sublattices involved. In this case, low lying optical modes exist that can affect the dynamical response. Here we show that the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to the complexities of the magnon spectrum. The SSE is caused by thermally excited spin dynamics that are converted to a voltage by the inverse spin Hall effect at the interface to a heavy metal contact. By investigating the temperature dependence of the SSE in the ferrimagnet gadolinium iron garnet, with a magnetic compensation point near room temperature, we demonstrate that higher-energy exchange magnons play a key role in the SSE.","physical sciences; condensed matter","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:77aa69ee-6f17-4b44-9b0f-b0bb5f144292","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:77aa69ee-6f17-4b44-9b0f-b0bb5f144292","Economic Viability Study of an On-Road Wireless Charging System with a Generic Driving Range Estimation Method","Shekhar, A.; Prasanth, V.; Bauer, P.; Bolech, M.","","2016","The economic viability of on-road wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs) strongly depends on the choice of the inductive power transfer (IPT) system configuration (static or dynamic charging), charging power level and the percentage of road coverage of dynamic charging. In this paper, a case study is carried out to determine the expected investment costs involved in installing the on-road charging infrastructure for an electric bus fleet. Firstly, a generic methodology is described to determine the driving range of any EV (including electric buses) with any gross mass and frontal area. A dynamic power consumption model is developed for the EV, taking into account the rolling friction, acceleration, deceleration, aerodynamic drag, regenerative braking and Li-ion battery behavior. Based on the simulation results, the linear dependence of the battery state of charge (SoC) on the distance traveled is proven. Further, the impact of different IPT system parameters on driving range is incorporated. Economic implications of a combination of different IPT system parameters are explored for achieving the required driving range of 400 km, and the cost optimized solution is presented for the case study of an electric bus fleet. It is shown that the choice of charging power level and road coverage are interrelated in the economic context. The economic viability of reducing the capacity of the on-board battery as a trade-off between higher transport efficiency and larger on-road charging infrastructure is presented. Finally, important considerations, like the number of average running buses, scheduled stoppage time and on-board battery size, that make on-road charging an attractive option are explored. The cost break-up of various system components of the on-road charging scheme is estimated, and the final project cost and parameters are summarized. The specific cost of the wireless on-road charging system is found to be more expensive than the conventional trolley system at this point in time. With decreasing battery costs and a higher number of running buses, a more economically-viable system can be realized.","analysis; contactless; charging; cost; driving range, dynamic; economic; electric vehicle (EV); extension; emissions; inductive power transfer (IPT); static; viability; wireless; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","MDPI","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:986461ea-efa5-423e-890d-7b2e528f3f4e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:986461ea-efa5-423e-890d-7b2e528f3f4e","System design for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2016","This paper investigates the possibility of charging battery electric vehicles at workplace in Netherlands using solar energy. Data from the Dutch Meteorological Institute is used to determine the optimal orientation of PV panels for maximum energy yield in the Netherlands. The seasonal and diurnal variation in solar insolation is analyzed to determine the energy availability for EV charging and the necessity for grid connection. Due to relatively low solar insolation in Netherlands, it has been determined that the power
rating of the PV array can be oversized by 30% with respect to power rating of the converter. Various dynamic EV charging profiles are compared with an aim to minimize the grid dependency and to maximize the usage of solar power to directly charge the EV. Two scenarios are considered – one where the EVs have to be charged only on weekdays and the second case where EV have to be charged all 7 days/week. A priority mechanism is proposed to facilitate the charging of multiple EV from a single EV–PV charger. The feasibility of integrating a local storage to the EV–PV charger to make it grid independent is evaluated. The optimal storage size that reduces the grid dependency by 25% is evaluated.","Batteries; Electric vehicles; Energy storage; Photovoltaic systems; Solar energy","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:45493fb4-9e7a-4e02-b961-7675e201c5a6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:45493fb4-9e7a-4e02-b961-7675e201c5a6","Economic and CO2 Emission Benefits of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Workplaces in the Netherlands","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Leendertse, Mark (Student TU Delft); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); van de Geer, S.G. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2016","The paper analyses the economic and environmental benefits of charging electric vehicles (EV) at workplaces in the Netherlands using photovoltaic panels (PV). A 10kW EV-PV charging system is used to charge the electric cars directly from photovoltaic panels. The cost of using a gasoline vehicle is compared with that of an electric vehicle that is charged from the grid or from solar panels. It is found that charging EV from PV results in huge savings in fuel cost, taxes and lower CO2 emissions. A comparison is made for solar panels installed on rooftops and as a solar carport and the impact of feed-in tariffs on PV generation revenues is evaluated.","Petroleum; Automobiles; Employment; Finance; Electric vehicles","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2cd92427-b9fa-4d0d-8e83-54164cfaecb4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2cd92427-b9fa-4d0d-8e83-54164cfaecb4","Using dedicated EV charging areas to resolve grid violations caused by renewable energy generation","Vasan Ashok, Vijay; Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Burgt, Jos (DNV-GL); Peýate Vera, Santiago (DNV-GL); Huibers, Martijn (DNV-GL); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","EV Charging is expected to be a significant load on the grid in the future. But they can also be a part of the solution to grid violations. As the amount of renewable energy generation increases, there is a large amount of power flowing in the reverse direction in the distribution network, which is undesirable. To reduce this, EVs can charge at strategically located “Grid Management Parking Lots”. Here the EV charging power level varies in accordance with the amount of capacity available in the grid. This is a win-win situation for both parties, the grid operator and the EV owner, as the grid operator reduces the amount of violations in the grid and the EV owner has his/her vehicle charged sooner.","Heuristic algorithms; Mathematical model; Linear programming; Automobiles; Renewable energy sources; Algorithm design and analysis; Integer linear programming","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6f15adbe-c656-4b1e-af21-1e685e70531b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6f15adbe-c656-4b1e-af21-1e685e70531b","Review of residential PV-storage architectures","Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","This paper focuses on the most common PV-storage architectures that are designed for residential applications and that incorporate storage devices like batteries, hydrogen systems, supercapacitors, and flywheels. The main motivations and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the architectures are presented. Moreover, some common approaches to performing intelligent power management are introduced.
15O signal due to its relatively short half-life (∼2 min) and high oxygen content in biological tissues, enabling shorter scans that are less sensitive to biological washout. This paper presents the first performance tests of a scaled-down in situ time-of-flight (TOF) PET system based on digital photon counters (DPCs) coupled to Cerium-doped Lutetium Yttrium Silicate (LYSO:Ce) crystals, providing quantitative results representative of a dual-head tomograph that complies with spatial constraints typically encountered in clinical practice (2 × 50°, of 360°, transaxial angular acceptance). The proton-induced activity inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene (PE) phantoms was acquired within beam pauses (in-beam) and immediately after irradiation by an actively-delivered synchrotron pencil-beam, with clinically relevant 125.67 MeV/u, 4.6 × 108 protons s-1, and 1010 total protons. 3D activity maps reconstructed with and without TOF information are compared to FLUKA simulations, demonstrating the benefit of TOF-PET to reduce limited-angle artefacts using a 382 ps full width at half maximum coincidence resolving time. The time-dependent contributions from different radionuclides to the total count-rate are investigated. We furthermore study the impact of the acquisition time window on the laterally integrated activity depth-profiles, with emphasis on 2 min acquisitions starting at different time points. The results depend on phantom composition and reflect the differences in relative contributions from the radionuclides originating from carbon and oxygen. We observe very good agreement between the shapes of the simulated and measured activity depth-profiles for post-beam protocols. However, our results also suggest that available experimental cross sections underestimate the production of 10C for in-beam acquisitions, which in PE results in an overestimation of the predicted activity range by 1.4 mm. The uncertainty in the activity range measured in PMMA using the DPC-based TOF-PET prototype setup equals 0.2 mm-0.3 mm.","digital photon counters; in-beam PET; positron emission tomography; proton therapy; time-of-flight","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","RST/Applied Radiation & Isotopes","","",""
"uuid:b74a7682-1559-4c81-9a11-f77d1c5ac9e8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b74a7682-1559-4c81-9a11-f77d1c5ac9e8","Solar road operating efficiency and energy yield - An integrated approach towards inductive power transfer","Shekhar, A.; Klerks, S.; Bauer, P.; Prasanth, V.","","2015","One of the first of its kind, a pilot project involving the instalment of solar roads in Krommenie, was successfully implemented by the consortium of the province of North Holland, TNO, Ooms and Imtech. Seen as a living lab for knowledge gathering in this nascent application area, with a potential of widening the proliferation of PV technologies, the testing of the operating performance of the installed solar road stretch is ongoing. In this context, the theoretical model for energy yield of the solar road is developed to facilitate the future comparative analysis with the real-time measured data. A combination of Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) to solar roads has been suggested for convenient charging of e-bikes in stands.","energy yield; inductive power transfer (IPT); module; photovoltaic modules; PV; solar; solar roads","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:c3f2cdb0-29de-4658-846d-441b43b069a7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c3f2cdb0-29de-4658-846d-441b43b069a7","Spin-Hall magnetoresistance and spin Seebeck effect in spin-spiral and paramagnetic phases of multiferroic CoCr2O4 films","Aqeel, A.; Vlietstra, N.; Heuver, J.A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Noheda, B.; Van Wees, B.J.; Palstra, T.T.M.","","2015","We report on the spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in multiferroic CoCr2O4 (CCO) spinel thin films with Pt contacts. We observe a large enhancement of both signals below the spin-spiral (Ts=28K) and the spin lock-in (Tlock?in=14K) transitions. The SMR and SSE responses in the spin lock-in phase are one order of magnitude larger than those observed at the ferrimagnetic transition temperature (Tc=94K), which indicates that the interaction between spins at the Pt|CCO interface is more efficient in the noncollinear magnetic state. At T>Tc, magnetic-field-induced SMR and SSE signals are observed, which can be explained by a high interface susceptibility. Our results show that the spin transport at the Pt|CCO interface is sensitive to the magnetic phases but cannot be explained solely by the bulk magnetization.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:8ad94db1-7160-4fc3-8231-4055f71326d8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8ad94db1-7160-4fc3-8231-4055f71326d8","Current-induced spin torque resonance of a magnetic insulator","Schreier, M.; Chiba, T.; Niedermayr, A.; Lotze, J.; Huebl, H.; Geprags, S.; Takahashi, S.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Gross, R.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.","","2015","We report the observation of current-induced spin torque resonance in yttrium iron garnet/platinum bilayers. An alternating charge current at GHz frequencies in the platinum gives rise to dc spin pumping and spin Hall magnetoresistance rectification voltages, induced by the Oersted fields of the ac current and the spin Hall effect-mediated spin transfer torque. In ultrathin yttrium iron garnet films, we observe spin transfer torque actuated magnetization dynamics which are significantly larger than those generated by the ac Oersted field. Spin transfer torques thus efficiently couple charge currents and magnetization dynamics also in magnetic insulators, enabling charge current-based interfacing of magnetic insulators with microwave devices.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:0f512672-930b-4cec-af97-468acdb2d3ef","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0f512672-930b-4cec-af97-468acdb2d3ef","Magnetic spheres in microwave cavities","Rameshti, B.Z.; Cao, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2015","We apply Mie scattering theory to study the interaction of magnetic spheres with microwaves in cavities beyond the magnetostatic and rotating wave approximations. We demonstrate that both strong and ultrastrong coupling can be realized for stand alone magnetic spheres made from yttrium iron garnet (YIG), acting as an efficient microwave antenna. The eigenmodes of YIG spheres with radii of the order mm display distinct higher angular momentum character that has been observed in experiments.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:378559a9-499e-49dd-a357-d7521a338254","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:378559a9-499e-49dd-a357-d7521a338254","On Multicopter-Based Launch and Retrieval Concepts for Lift Mode Operated Power Generating Kites","Bauer, F.; Hackl, C.M.; Smedley, K.; Kennel, R.","","2015","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:114710f1-b5ba-4d03-88f5-c5db05f1583b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:114710f1-b5ba-4d03-88f5-c5db05f1583b","DC-link Control for Airborne Wind Energy Systems During Pumping Mode","Bauer, F.; Hackl, C.M.; Schechner, K.","","2015","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:5bf7b122-4b3a-4f4b-ae1f-6a5151d5a3d8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5bf7b122-4b3a-4f4b-ae1f-6a5151d5a3d8","Exchange magnon-polaritons in microwave cavities","Cao, Y.; Yan, P.; Huebl, H.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2015","We formulate a scattering theory to study magnetic films in microwave cavities beyond the independent-spin and rotating-wave approximations of the Tavis-Cummings model. We demonstrate that strong coupling can be realized not only for the ferromagnetic resonance mode, but also for spin-wave resonances; the coupling strengths are mode dependent and decrease with increasing mode index. The strong-coupling regime can also be accessed electrically by spin pumping into a metal contact.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:caa92a20-283d-45f1-993b-de2adcbb4a22","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:caa92a20-283d-45f1-993b-de2adcbb4a22","Coherent elastic excitation of spin waves","Kamra, A.; Keshtgar, H.; Yan, P.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2015","We model the injection of elastic waves into a ferromagnetic film (F) by a nonmagnetic transducer (N). We compare the configurations in which the magnetization is normal and parallel to the wave propagation. The lack of axial symmetry in the former results in the emergence of evanescent interface states. We compute the energy-flux transmission across the N|F interface and sound-induced magnetization dynamics in the ferromagnet. We predict efficient acoustically induced pumping of spin current into a metal contact attached to F.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:5464d8eb-8428-43f6-9b1d-32df1ed65e0f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5464d8eb-8428-43f6-9b1d-32df1ed65e0f","Current-induced spin torque resonance of magnetic insulators affected by field-like spin-orbit torques and out-of-plane magnetizations","Chiba, T.; Schreier, M.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Takahashi, S.","","2015","The spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) in a bilayer system consisting of a magnetic insulator such as Y3Fe5O12 and a normal metal with spin-orbit interaction such as Pt is addressed theoretically. We model the ST-FMR for all magnetization directions and in the presence of fieldlike spin-orbit torques based on the drift-diffusion spin model and quantum mechanical boundary conditions. ST-FMR experiments may expose crucial information about the spin-orbit coupling between currents and magnetization in the bilayers.","","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:8b9f5eda-6cce-403d-b0b6-2da5407a33b6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b9f5eda-6cce-403d-b0b6-2da5407a33b6","Matching PV array output with residential load by optimisation of array orientation","Ashok, VV (External organisation); Onwudinanti, C (External organisation); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage)","Nguyen, P.H. (editor)","2015","Currently PV modules are positioned to receive the highest amount of incident radiation in a year. Therefore, the generation pattern is independent of the consumption and a large storage is required to compensate for the same. This paper studies the possibility of orienting the modules differently in order to match the consumption more efficiently.","PV System; Smart Grid; Battery Storage","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a8a05fc2-8067-446e-846c-8cd02000083d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a8a05fc2-8067-446e-846c-8cd02000083d","Analysis of load shedding strategies for battery management in PV-based rural off-grids","Sridhar, Jeyakrishna (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Raaijen, Evert (Alfen BV)","Nguyen, PH (editor)","2015","","Battery Management; Demand side Management; Load Shedding; Rural Electrification","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2fcf100a-fac1-44c0-a22b-b90c99d63517","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2fcf100a-fac1-44c0-a22b-b90c99d63517","Design of a power-electronic-assisted OLTC for grid voltage regulation","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Wijekoon, T (External organisation); Panosyan, A (External organisation); Bärthlein, EM (External organisation)","","2015","High penetration of distributed generation (DG) has led to frequent voltage fluctuations in the distribution network. This paper describes the design of a partially rated, power-electronic-assisted onload tap-changing (OLTC) autotransformer. Positive and negative compensation of the grid voltage can be achieved on feeders that have high distributed generation and/or loading. A novel design of taps comprised of several no-load switches and a single semiconductor-mechanical hybrid switch have been proposed, that requires reduced voltage rating and a number of switches. In steady state, the mechanical switch in the hybrid switch conducts the load current resulting in low steady-state losses. During the tap change process, the OLTC uses semiconductor switches, namely insulated-gate bipolar transistor /metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor, thus achieving arc-free tap change and long lifetime of switches. The OLTC system has been customized for both low-voltage and medium-voltage three-phase distribution networks. An open-delta configuration for the medium-voltage application has been proposed that requires only two OLTC units to control all three line voltages. Simulations are carried out to verify the steady-state and transient operation of the proposed OLTC.","Distributed power generation; four-step commutation; hybrid switch; onload tap changer (OLTC); series compensation; transformer; voltage fluctuations","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:effbdef0-4e64-4b11-a624-cc5c473c6945","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:effbdef0-4e64-4b11-a624-cc5c473c6945","PV architectures for DC microgrids using buck or boost exclusive microconverters","Marafante, E (External organisation); Mackay, L.J. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Hailu, T.G. (TU Delft Electrical Power Processing); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage)","Nguyen, P.H. (editor)","2015","DC microgrids can connect directly dc renewable energy sources with increasing amount of dc loads. In this paper it is looked for possible architectures for integrating PV panels into dc microgrids, by means of microconverter strings. Three topologies are considered, featuring only buck microconverters and only boost microconverters, since they promise higher efficiency due to fewer semiconductors in the current path. The topologies under exam are tested with a perturb and observe MPPT, in the cases of abrupt local shading and uneven shading over a solar panels' array. Among the three, the best topology by response time and control ease is found.","DC microgrid; microconverter; pv; pv string","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1796d03f-d8b2-4e06-92f1-e29809745240","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1796d03f-d8b2-4e06-92f1-e29809745240","Comparison of system architecture and converter topology for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices)","Kim, HG (editor); Tan, DF (editor)","2015","","charging; storage; DC grids; electric vehicle; solar energy","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:87cdc721-d4d3-48ab-a31f-9f516026dc9f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:87cdc721-d4d3-48ab-a31f-9f516026dc9f","From DC nano- and microgrids towards the universal DC distribution system - a plea to think further into the future","Mackay, L.J. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Hailu, T.G. (TU Delft Electrical Power Processing); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Ferreira, Jan Abraham (TU Delft Electrical Power Processing); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage)","","2015","The traditional ac power system is challenged by the increased amount of distributed energy resources. Enormous changes and investments are necessary in order to achieve an ac smart grid capable of coping with the challenges introduced. In dc, solutions seem to be more straightforward since most of the distributed energy sources and most of the loads connected to the low voltage grid operate with dc. For this reason, dc distribution systems should be considered as an alternative with significant potential. Nevertheless, nowadays research is mainly focused on local dc nano- and microgrids. This paper introduces relevant aspects related to dc distribution networks. A wide field of opportunities and challenges are briefly exposed.","Microgrids; Reliability; Standards; Conferences; Batteries; Smart Grids","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:183566b3-18fe-4977-b456-4c1261888e9e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:183566b3-18fe-4977-b456-4c1261888e9e","Spin Hall noise","Kamra, A.; Witek, F.P.; Meyer, S.; Huebl, H.; Geprägs, S.; Gross, R.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.","","2014","We measure the low-frequency thermal fluctuations of pure spin current in a platinum film deposited on yttrium iron garnet via the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE)-mediated voltage noise as a function of the angle ? between the magnetization and the transport direction. The results are consistent with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in terms of the recently discovered spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). We present a microscopic description of the ? dependence of the voltage noise in terms of spin-current fluctuations and ISHE.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:dcc6469c-016d-44ae-b8fd-009dfcc3b90b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dcc6469c-016d-44ae-b8fd-009dfcc3b90b","Thermoelectricity and disorder of FeCo/MgO/FeCo magnetic tunnel junctions","Wang, S.Z.; Xia, K.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2014","We compute the thermoelectric transport parameterized by the Seebeck coefficient and thermal/electric conductance of random-alloy FeCo/MgO/FeCo(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) from first principles using a generalized Landauer-Büttiker formalism. The thermopower is found to be typically smaller than those of Fe/MgO/Fe(001) MTJs. The (magneto-)Seebeck effect is sensitive to the details of the FeCo/MgO interfaces. Interfacial can greatly enhance the thermoelectric effects in MTJs. We also compute angular-dependent Seebeck coefficients that provide additional information about the transport physics. We report large deviations from the Wiedemann-Franz law at room temperature.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:2153a855-3f28-414e-8cfe-03d02a10d282","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2153a855-3f28-414e-8cfe-03d02a10d282","Light-induced spin polarizations in quantum rings","Joibari, F.K.; Blanter, Y.M.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2014","Nonresonant circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation can exert torques on magnetizations by the inverse Faraday effect (IFE). Here, we discuss the enhancement of IFE by spin-orbit interactions. We illustrate the principle by studying a simple generic model system, i.e., the quasi-one-dimensional ring in the presence of linear/cubic Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions. We combine the classical IFE in electron plasmas that is known to cause persistent currents in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of light with the concept of current and spin-orbit-induced spin transfer torques. We calculate light-induced spin polarization that in ferromagnets might give rise to magnetization switching.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:39eb33fb-e1de-41e9-ac5a-b9c55c9301fa","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:39eb33fb-e1de-41e9-ac5a-b9c55c9301fa","Current-Induced Spin-Torque Resonance of Magnetic Insulators","Chiba, T.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Takahashi, S.","","2014","We formulate a theory of the ac spin Hall magnetoresistance in a bilayer system consisting of a magnetic insulator such as yttrium iron garnet and a heavy metal such as platinum. We derive expressions for the dc voltage generation based on the drift-diffusion spin model and quantum mechanical boundary condition at the interface that reveal a spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR). We predict that ST-FMR experiments will reveal valuable information on the current-induced magnetization dynamics of magnetic insulators and the ac spin Hall effect.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:c5959049-b3b4-46d8-9206-be815e57d2e2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c5959049-b3b4-46d8-9206-be815e57d2e2","Current-induced magnetization dynamics in two magnetic insulators separated by a normal metal","Skarsvag, H.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2014","We study the dynamics of spin valves consisting of two layers of magnetic insulators separated by a normal metal in the macrospin model. A current through the spacer generates a spin Hall current that can actuate the magnetization via the spin-transfer torque. We derive expressions for the effective Gilbert damping and the critical currents for the onset of magnetization dynamics including the effects of spin pumping that can be tested by ferromagnetic resonance experiments. The current generates an amplitude asymmetry between the in-phase and out-of-phase modes. We discuss superlattices of stacked films of metals and magnetic insulators.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:a8d02714-9b27-4012-b5ba-5e756d3b7e36","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a8d02714-9b27-4012-b5ba-5e756d3b7e36","Observation of the Spin Peltier Effect for Magnetic Insulators","Flipse, J.; Dejene, F.K.; Wagenaar, D.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Ben Youssef, J.; Van Wees, B.J.","","2014","We report the observation of the spin Peltier effect (SPE) in the ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG), i.e., a heat current generated by a spin current flowing through a platinum (Pt)|YIG interface. The effect can be explained by the spin transfer torque that transforms the spin current in the Pt into a magnon current in the YIG. Via magnon-phonon interactions the magnetic fluctuations modulate the phonon temperature that is detected by a thermopile close to the interface. By finite-element modeling we verify the reciprocity between the spin Peltier and spin Seebeck effect. The observed strong coupling between thermal magnons and phonons in YIG is attractive for nanoscale cooling techniques.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:648a1baa-6964-49dc-8cea-9e472c67bb4a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:648a1baa-6964-49dc-8cea-9e472c67bb4a","Collection System Cable Routing and Wake Losses Optimization in Offshore Wind Farms","Fragoso Rodrigues, S.M.; Bauer, P.; Bosman, P.A.N.; Pierik, J.","","2014","Offshore wind farms with high installed capacities and located further from the shore are starting to be built by northern European countries. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2020, several dozens of large offshore wind farms will be built in the Baltic, Irish and North seas. These wind farms will be constituted of a considerable number of turbines packed together. Due to shadowing effects between turbines, the power production is reduced, resulting in a decreased wind farm efficiency. Moreover, the collection system length and complexity rapidly increase with the number of wind turbines installed, resulting in higher investment costs and power losses. Hence, when large wind farms are considered, wake losses and collection system total length are important aspects that need to be optimized. Nonetheless, designing a large offshore wind project is a very complex task. In the development phase, an enormous amount of time is used to generate feasible wind farm designs. For example, the manual layout optimization and cable routing are highly time consuming. Amongst others, this drawback leads to offshore wind projects with very high investments costs. In fact, electricity generated offshore is, up to today, substantially more expensive when compared to onshore wind or combined cycle gas turbines. Wind farm layout optimization is a possible solution to further increase the efficiency of wind projects leading to lower prices of energy generated offshore. Moreover, investment costs would be reduced if the collection system could be automatically designed via optimization tools. The aim of this work is to obtain optimized offshore wind farm layouts with enhanced energy production while considering the seabed constraints, e.g. maximum sea depth, inappropriate soil types and large seabed gradients. Through the use of optimization tools it is also desired to alleviate the designer teams of mundane manual layout optimization and cable routing. The optimized wind farm layout obtained presents higher energy yield. Although, the collection system total length is higher than for the standard case, the overall system efficiency is improved. Moreover, installation costs of the collection system were reduced through the avoidance of challenging areas of the wind farm. The wind turbine support structures costs were also reduced since deep areas of the seabed were avoided. In this work it is presented a novel optimization tool to obtain optimized offshore wind farm layouts while taking into consideration the seabed profile. Due to the increased offshore activity in recent years, as well as the expected installation in the coming years, this tool becomes very important and relevant for the offshore field.","Collection System Routing; Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategy; Offshore Wind Energy; Wake losses; Wind Farm Layout Optimization","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:b8ce22a7-e8b8-47eb-8f4d-4e6329a4b085","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b8ce22a7-e8b8-47eb-8f4d-4e6329a4b085","Comparative analysis of on-load tap changing (OLTC) transformer topologies","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft Electrical Power Processing); Bauer, P. (TU Delft Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage); Bärthlein, EM (External organisation)","Colak, I. (editor); Nagy, I. (editor)","2014","","","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","","","","","","Old - EWI-ESE-DC&S DC systems & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2d1e21d4-3bc3-4f15-815e-888b2583f743","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2d1e21d4-3bc3-4f15-815e-888b2583f743","Modular Approach for the Optimal Wind Turbine Micro Siting Problem through CMA-ES Algorithm (abstract)","Rodrigues, S.; Bauer, P.; Pierik, J.","","2013","Although, only in recent years, northern European countries started to install large offshore wind farms, it is expected that by 2020, several dozens of far and large offshore wind farms (FLOWFs) will be built. These FLOWFs will be constituted of a considerable amount of wind turbines (WTs) packed together, leading to an energy density increase. However, due to shadowing effects between WTs, power production is reduced, resulting in a revenues decrease. Therefore, when FLOWFs are considered, wake losses reduction is an important optimization goal. This work presents a modular approach to optimize the energy yield of FLOWFs through an evolutionary algorithm. The method consists of a modular strategy where the site wind rose information is used in different steps, which accelerates the calculation of the wake losses. The main contribution of this paper is the use of surrogate models to optimize the layout of offshore wind farms. Although, the surrogates models do not make use of the entire wind information set, they preserve the main problem trend. At the end, the results obtained are tested for their sensitivity regarding the wind data and the turbine locations.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:cb4af47d-5fdb-48c2-88ed-d148318994b4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb4af47d-5fdb-48c2-88ed-d148318994b4","Modular approach for the optimal wind turbine micro siting problem through CMA-ES algorithm (abstract)","Rodrigues, S.; Bauer, P.; Pierik, J.","","2013","Although, only in recent years, northern European countries started to install large offshore wind farms, it is expected that by 2020, several dozens of far and large offshore wind farms (FLOWFs) will be built. These FLOWFs will be constituted of a considerable amount of wind turbines (WTs) packed together, leading to an energy density increase. However, due to shadowing effects between WTs, power production is reduced, resulting in a revenues decrease. Therefore, when FLOWFs are considered, wake losses reduction is an important optimization goal. This work presents a modular approach to optimize the energy yield of FLOWFs through an evolutionary algorithm. The method consists of a modular strategy where the site wind rose information is used in different steps, which accelerates the calculation of the wake losses. The main contribution of this paper is the use of surrogate models to optimize the layout of offshore wind farms. Although, the surrogates models do not make use of the entire wind information set, they preserve the main problem trend. At the end, the results obtained are tested for their sensitivity regarding the wind data and the turbine locations.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:14abe290-b2d8-4657-bc86-ef16f71e3176","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14abe290-b2d8-4657-bc86-ef16f71e3176","Current-induced spin-wave excitation in Pt/YIG bilayer","Zhou, Y.; Jiao, H.; Chen, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Xiao, J.","","2013","We develop a self-consistent theory for current-induced spin-wave excitations in normal metal/magnetic insulator bilayer structures. We compute the spin-wave dispersion and dissipation, including dipolar and exchange interactions in the magnet, the spin diffusion in the normal metal, as well as the surface anisotropy, spin-transfer torque, and spin pumping at the interface. We find that (1) the spin-transfer torque and spin pumping affect the surface modes more than the bulk modes; (2) spin pumping inhibits high-frequency spin-wave modes, thereby redshifting the excitation spectrum; (3) easy-axis surface anisotropy induces a new type of surface spin wave, which reduces the excitation threshold current and greatly enhances the excitation power. We propose that the magnetic insulator surface can be engineered to create spin-wave circuits utilizing surface spin waves as information carriers.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:6ddfa137-0852-4faa-bece-63d7b393f77d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6ddfa137-0852-4faa-bece-63d7b393f77d","Experimental Test of the Spin Mixing Interface Conductivity Concept","Weiler, M.; Althammer, M.; Schreier, M.; Lotze, J.; Pernpeintner, M.; Meyer, S.; Huebl, H.; Gross, R.; Kamra, A.; Xiao, J.; Chen, Y.T.; Jiao, H.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.","","2013","We perform a quantitative, comparative study of the spin pumping, spin Seebeck, and spin Hall magnetoresistance effects, all detected via the inverse spin Hall effect in a series of over 20??yttrium???iron?garnet/Pt samples. Our experimental results fully support present, exclusively spin current-based, theoretical models using a single set of plausible parameters for spin mixing conductance, spin Hall angle, and spin diffusion length. Our findings establish the purely spintronic nature of the aforementioned effects and provide a quantitative description, in particular, of the spin Seebeck effect.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","0031-9007","","","",""
"uuid:8ceead91-a38c-4045-9f06-d194bcb99959","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8ceead91-a38c-4045-9f06-d194bcb99959","Angular and linear momentum of excited ferromagnets","Yan, P.; Kamra, A.; Cao, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2013","The angular momentum vector of a Heisenberg ferromagnet with isotropic exchange interaction is conserved, while under uniaxial crystalline anisotropy the projection of the total spin along the easy axis is a constant of motion. Using Noether's theorem, we prove that these conservation laws persist in the presence of dipole-dipole interactions. However, spin and orbital angular momentum are no longer conserved separately. We also define the linear momentum of ferromagnetic textures. We illustrate the general principles with special reference to spin transfer torques and identify the emergence of a nonadiabatic effective field acting on domain walls in ferromagnetic insulators.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:4496786e-17e5-4b56-a844-ddea66d17ef2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4496786e-17e5-4b56-a844-ddea66d17ef2","Magnon, phonon, and electron temperature profiles and the spin Seebeck effect in magnetic insulator/normal metal hybrid structures","Schreier, M.; Kamra, A.; Weiler, M.; Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Gross, R.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.","","2013","We calculate the phonon, electron, and magnon temperature profiles in yttrium iron garnet/platinum bilayers by diffusive theory with appropriate boundary conditions, in particular taking into account interfacial thermal resistances. Our calculations show that in thin film hybrids, the interface magnetic heat conductance qualitatively affects the magnon temperature. Based on published material parameters we assess the degree of nonequilibrium at the yttrium iron garnet/platinum interface. The magnitude of the spin Seebeck effect derived from this approach compares well with experimental results for the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect. Additionally, we address the temperature profiles in the transverse spin Seebeck effect.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:2aa79871-e140-43cd-92f2-ac344030047f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2aa79871-e140-43cd-92f2-ac344030047f","Aharonov-Casher effect in quantum ring ensembles","Joibari, F.K.; Blanter, Y.M.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2013","We study the transport of electrons through a single-mode quantum ring with electric-field induced Rashba spin-orbit interaction that is subject to an in-plane magnetic field and weakly coupled to electron reservoirs. Modeling a ring array by ensemble averaging over a Gaussian distribution of energy-level positions, we predict slow conductance oscillations as a function of the Rashba interaction and electron density due to spin-orbit interaction induced beating of the spacings between the levels crossed by the Fermi energy. Our results agree with experiments by Nitta c.s. [ J. Phys.: Conference Series 302 012002 (2011) and Nagasawa et al. (unpublished)], thereby providing an interpretation that differs from the ordinary Aharonov-Casher effect in a single ring.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:6e31aea7-ba54-4dc0-a1c3-f8e09c1209ea","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6e31aea7-ba54-4dc0-a1c3-f8e09c1209ea","Manipulation of ferromagnets via the spin-selective optical Stark effect","Qaiumzadeh, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2013","We investigate the nonresonant all-optical switching of magnetization. We treat the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) theoretically in terms of the spin-selective optical Stark effect for linearly or circularly polarized light. In the dilute magnetic semiconductors (Ga,Mn)As, strong laser pulses below the band gap induce effective magnetic fields of several teslas in a direction which depends on the magnetization direction as well as the light polarization and direction. Our theory demonstrates that the polarized light catalyzes the angular momentum transfer between the lattice and the magnetization.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:1d49ff93-5d9c-42d3-86e9-8d7027b93d73","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1d49ff93-5d9c-42d3-86e9-8d7027b93d73","Exchange magnetic field torques in YIG/Pt bilayers observed by the spin-Hall magnetoresistance","Vlietstra, N.; Shan, J.; Castel, V.; Youssef, J.B.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Van Wees, B.J.","","2013","The effective field torque of an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film on the spin accumulation in an attached platinum (Pt) film is measured by the spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). As a result, the magnetization direction of a ferromagnetic insulating layer can be measured electrically. Experimental transverse and longitudinal resistances are well described by the theoretical model of SMR in terms of the direct and inverse spin-Hall effect, for different Pt thicknesses [3, 4, 8, and 35 nm]. Adopting a spin-Hall angle of Pt ?SH = 0.08, we obtain the spin diffusion length of Pt (? = 1.1±0.3?nm) as well as the real (Gr = (7±3)×1014???1m?2) and imaginary part (Gi = (5±3)×1013???1m?2) of the spin-mixing conductance and their ratio (Gr/Gi = 16±4).","diffusion; exchange interactions (electron); ferromagnetic materials; garnets; interface magnetism; magnetic thin films; magnetisation; magnetoresistance; spin dynamics; spin Hall effect; yttrium compounds","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:9a15deaa-53af-4fcf-bf18-c7de7efabd56","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9a15deaa-53af-4fcf-bf18-c7de7efabd56","Thermally induced dynamics in ultrathin magnetic tunnel junctions","Ogrodnik, P.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Xia, K.","","2013","We consider the magnetization dynamics induced by thermally induced spin transfer torques in thin Fe|MgO|Fe tunnel junctions. The magnetization dynamics is described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, including the thermal torques as computed from first principles. We show that the angular skewness of the torques importantly modifies the dynamics, e.g., leading to different instability criteria.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:1be8d48e-bc2a-4410-b1b6-9af6d61e38d7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1be8d48e-bc2a-4410-b1b6-9af6d61e38d7","Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids","Althammer, M.; Meyer, S.; Nakayama, H.; Schreier, M.; Altmannshofer, S.; Weiler, M.; Huebl, H.; Gesprägs, S.; Opel, M.; Gross, R.; Meier, D.; Klewe, C.; Kuschel, T.; Schmalhorst, J.M.; Reiss, G.; Shen, L.; Gupta, A.; Chen, Y.T.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Saitoh, E.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.","","2013","We experimentally investigate and quantitatively analyze the spin Hall magnetoresistance effect in ferromagnetic insulator/platinum and ferromagnetic insulator/nonferromagnetic metal/platinum hybrid structures. For the ferromagnetic insulator, we use either yttrium iron garnet, nickel ferrite, or magnetite and for the nonferromagnet, copper or gold. The spin Hall magnetoresistance effect is theoretically ascribed to the combined action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effect in the platinum metal top layer. It therefore should characteristically depend upon the orientation of the magnetization in the adjacent ferromagnet and prevail even if an additional, nonferromagnetic metal layer is inserted between Pt and the ferromagnet. Our experimental data corroborate these theoretical conjectures. Using the spin Hall magnetoresistance theory to analyze our data, we extract the spin Hall angle and the spin diffusion length in platinum. For a spin-mixing conductance of 4×1014 ??1m?2, we obtain a spin Hall angle of 0.11±0.08 and a spin diffusion length of (1.5±0.5) nm for Pt in our thin-film samples","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:cb36d6e7-b7da-4279-9884-3c48e2c8fcf4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb36d6e7-b7da-4279-9884-3c48e2c8fcf4","Spin Backflow and ac Voltage Generation by Spin Pumping and the Inverse Spin Hall Effect","Jiao, H.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2013","The spin current pumped by a precessing ferromagnet into an adjacent normal metal has a constant polarization component parallel to the precession axis and a rotating one normal to the magnetization. The former is now routinely detected as a dc voltage induced by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Here we compute ac ISHE voltages much larger than the dc signals for various material combinations and discuss optimal conditions to observe the effect. The backflow of spin is shown to be essential to distill parameters from measured ISHE voltages for both dc and ac configurations.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:3fd400a1-7423-4696-ab6e-1572f4fb1e08","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3fd400a1-7423-4696-ab6e-1572f4fb1e08","Spin torque transistor revisited","Chiba, T.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Takahashi, S.","","2013","We theoretically study the operation of a 4-terminal device consisting of two lateral thin-film spin valves that are coupled by a magnetic insulator such as yttrium iron garnet via the spin transfer torque. By magnetoelectronic circuit theory we calculate the current voltage characteristics and find negative differential resistance and differential gain in a large region of parameter space. We demonstrate that functionality is preserved when the control spin valve is replaced by a normal metal film with a large spin Hall angle.","field effect transistors; insulators; magnetoelectronics; metallic thin films; spin Hall effect; spin valves; yttrium compounds","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:18628742-c7bd-43ea-adb3-1fa0eb8fa8cd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:18628742-c7bd-43ea-adb3-1fa0eb8fa8cd","Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonequilibrium Proximity Effect","Nakayama, H.; Althammer, M.; Chen, Y.T.; Uchida, K.; Kajiwara, Y.; Kikuchi, D.; Ohtani, T.; Geprägs, S.; Opel, M.; Takahashi, S.; Gross, R.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.; Saitoh, E.","","2013","We report anisotropic magnetoresistance in Pt|Y3Fe5O12 bilayers. In spite of Y3Fe5O12 being a very good electrical insulator, the resistance of the Pt layer reflects its magnetization direction. The effect persists even when a Cu layer is inserted between Pt and Y3Fe5O12, excluding the contribution of induced equilibrium magnetization at the interface. Instead, we show that the effect originates from concerted actions of the direct and inverse spin Hall effects and therefore call it “spin Hall magnetoresistance.”","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:d884e085-620e-4609-a920-6b3f4ddab6be","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d884e085-620e-4609-a920-6b3f4ddab6be","Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance","Chen, Y.T.; Takahashi, S.; Nakayama, H.; Althammer, M.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.; Saitoh, E.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2013","We present a theory of the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in multilayers made from an insulating ferromagnet F, such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG), and a normal metal N with spin-orbit interactions, such as platinum (Pt). The SMR is induced by the simultaneous action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects and therefore a nonequilibrium proximity phenomenon. We compute the SMR in F|N and F|N|F layered systems, treating N by spin-diffusion theory with quantum mechanical boundary conditions at the interfaces in terms of the spin-mixing conductance. Our results explain the experimentally observed spin Hall magnetoresistance in N|F bilayers. For F|N|F spin valves we predict an enhanced SMR amplitude when magnetizations are collinear. The SMR and the spin-transfer torques in these trilayers can be controlled by the magnetic configuration.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:5a87bfaf-322e-4fa2-9e17-8b69d4c4d7c9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a87bfaf-322e-4fa2-9e17-8b69d4c4d7c9","Field-free synthetic-ferromagnet spin torque oscillator","Zhou, Y.; Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Zhang, F.C.","","2013","We study the magnetization dynamics of spin valve structures with a free composite synthetic ferromagnet (SyF) that consists of two ferromagnetic layers coupled through a normal metal spacer. A ferromagnetically coupled SyF can be excited into dynamical precessional states by an applied current without external magnetic fields. We analytically determine the stability of these states in the space spanned by the current density and SyF interlayer exchange coupling. Numerical simulations confirm our analytical results.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:50643dcc-4f58-4bb1-92da-2d49b02cc5a7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:50643dcc-4f58-4bb1-92da-2d49b02cc5a7","Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms","Teixeira Pinto, R.; Fragoso Rodrigues, S.; Wiggelinkhuizen, E.; Scherrer, R.; Bauer, P.; Pierik, P.","","2012","For achieving the European renewable electricity targets, a significant contribution is foreseen to come from offshore wind energy. Considering the large scale of the future planned offshore wind farms and the increasing distances to shore, grid integration through a transnational DC network is desirable for several reasons. This article investigates a nine-node DC grid connecting three northern European countries—namely UK, The Netherlands and Germany. The power-flow control inside the multi-terminal DC grid based on voltage-source converters is achieved through a novel method, called distributed voltage control (DVC). In this method, an optimal power flow (OPF) is solved in order to minimize the transmission losses in the network. The main contribution of the paper is the utilization of a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the OPF problem while maintaining an N-1 security constraint. After describing main DC network component models, several case studies illustrate the dynamic behavior of the proposed control method.","HVDC transmission; voltage-source converters; power electronics; DC networks; offshore wind energy; control theory; optimal power flow; genetic algorithms","en","journal article","MDPI","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:dcabe113-dce2-43f8-9d28-8d20d61f93fa","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dcabe113-dce2-43f8-9d28-8d20d61f93fa","Kasteel Schaloen: Het bouwhistorisch en archeologisch onderzoek 1979-1981","Bauer, T.","","2012","Als onderdeel van de opleiding restauratiearchitect van de faculteit Bouwkunde van de Technische Universiteit Delft werden vanaf de jaren zeventig van de vorige eeuw werkweken georganiseerd rond een historisch gebouw. Onder leiding van de hoogleraar J.G.N. Renaud en later ir. H.C. Knook werd het object door studenten bouwhistorisch en archeologisch onderzocht. Gedurende de jaren 1979 en 1981 hadden deze veldcampagnes het kasteel Schaloen bij Oud-VaUcenburg (L.) tot onderwerp. Omdat Renaud en zijn opvolger, professor Hans Janssen, het belang van multidisciplinair onderzoek sterk benadrukten, werd Schaloen ook onderworpen aan een beperkt historisch en bodemkundig onderzoek.","kastelen; bouwhistorie; archeologie; Nederland","nl","book chapter","Nederlandse Kastelenstichting","","","","","","","","Architecture","RMIT","","","",""
"uuid:de4b307a-87bb-42a0-aa23-0e05a91ad463","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:de4b307a-87bb-42a0-aa23-0e05a91ad463","Domain Wall Propagation through Spin Wave Emission","Wang, X.S.; Yan, P.; Shen, Y.H.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Wang, X.R.","","2012","We theoretically study field-induced domain wall motion in an electrically insulating ferromagnet with hard- and easy-axis anisotropies. Domain walls can propagate along a dissipationless wire through spin wave emission locked into the known soliton velocity at low fields. In the presence of damping, the usual Walker rigid-body propagation mode can become unstable for a magnetic field smaller than the Walker breakdown field.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:b06c0f51-9bd7-42ca-9908-09ced367f203","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b06c0f51-9bd7-42ca-9908-09ced367f203","Magnonic Domain Wall Heat Conductance in Ferromagnetic Wires","Yan, P.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2012","We present a theoretical study of magnon-mediated heat transport in electrically insulating ferromagnetic wires containing a domain wall (DW). In the regime of validity of continuum micromagnetism, a DW is found to have no effect on the heat conductance. However, spin waves are found to be reflected by DWs with widths of a few lattice spacings, which is associated with emergence of an additional spin wave bound state. The resulting DW heat conductance should be significant for thin films of yttrium iron garnet with sharply defined magnetic domains.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:54cc0e8d-7b6d-4372-90dd-02553a7ae06e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54cc0e8d-7b6d-4372-90dd-02553a7ae06e","Shot noise in magnetic tunnel junctions from first principles","Liu, K.; Xia, K.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2012","We compute the shot noise in ballistic and disordered Fe|MgO|Fe tunnel junctions by a wave-function-matching method. For tunnel barriers with ?5 atomic layers we find a suppression of the Fano factor as a function of the magnetic configuration. In the antiparallel configuration the shot noise is full up to a threshold bias that indicates the onset of resonant tunneling. We find excellent agreement with recent experiments when interface disorder is taken into account.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:c7338832-b36d-4206-9e99-a68e2bcaeee8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c7338832-b36d-4206-9e99-a68e2bcaeee8","Spin-Wave Excitation in Magnetic Insulators by Spin-Transfer Torque","Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2012","We study the excitation of spin waves in magnetic insulators by the current-induced spin-transfer torque. We predict preferential excitation of surface spin waves induced by an easy-axis surface anisotropy with critical current inversely proportional to the penetration depth and surface anisotropy. The surface modes strongly reduce the critical current and enhance the excitation power of the current-induced magnetization dynamics.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:8ee3cff4-b724-4091-8306-5b4bbbbe7001","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8ee3cff4-b724-4091-8306-5b4bbbbe7001","Thermal spin pumping and magnon-phonon-mediated spin-Seebeck effect","Uchida, K.; Ota, T.; Adachi, H.; Xiao, J.; Nonaka, T.; Kajiwara, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Maekawa, S.; Saitoh, E.","","2012","The spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) in ferromagnetic metals and insulators has been investigated systematically by means of the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in paramagnetic metals. The SSE generates a spin voltage as a result of a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which injects a spin current into an attached paramagnetic metal. In the paramagnet, this spin current is converted into an electric field due to the ISHE, enabling the electric detection of the SSE. The observation of the SSE is performed in longitudinal and transverse configurations consisting of a ferromagnet/paramagnet hybrid structure, where thermally generated spin currents flowing parallel and perpendicular to the temperature gradient are detected, respectively. Our results explain the SSE in terms of a two-step process: (1) the temperature gradient creates a non-equilibrium state in the ferromagnet governed by both magnon and phonon propagations and (2) the non-equilibrium between magnons in the ferromagnet and electrons in the paramagnet at the contact interface leads to “thermal spin pumping” and the ISHE signal. The non-equilibrium state of metallic magnets (e.g., Ni81Fe19) under a temperature gradient is governed mainly by the phonons in the sample and the substrate, while in insulating magnets (e.g., Y3Fe5O12), both magnon and phonon propagations appear to be important. The phonon-mediated non-equilibrium that drives the thermal spin pumping is confirmed also by temperature-dependent measurements, giving rise to a giant enhancement of the SSE signals at low temperatures.","ferromagnetic materials; iron alloys; nickel alloys; paramagnetic materials; phonon-magnon interactions; Seebeck effect; spin Hall effect; spin polarised transport; yttrium compounds","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:4f5d3658-1ef2-45d4-872b-995b204cc2bc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4f5d3658-1ef2-45d4-872b-995b204cc2bc","Thermal Spin Transfer in Fe-MgO-Fe Tunnel Junctions","Jia, X.; Xia, K.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2011","We compute thermal spin transfer (TST) torques in Fe-MgO-Fe tunnel junctions using a first principles wave-function-matching method. At room temperature, the TST in a junction with 3 MgO monolayers amounts to 10-7??J/m2/K, which is estimated to cause magnetization reversal for temperature differences over the barrier of the order of 10 K. The large TST can be explained by multiple scattering between interface states through ultrathin barriers. The angular dependence of the TST can be very skewed, possibly leading to thermally induced high-frequency generation.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:bafc3c76-0fe2-443b-9e41-45aff1d63612","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bafc3c76-0fe2-443b-9e41-45aff1d63612","Smart use of storage potentials of electric vehicles for renewable energy generation in the built environment: A design scenario","Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, T.C.; Silvester, S.","","2011","In this paper, results are reported of a technology assessment of use of electrical vehicles for energy storage (of renewable sources), their integration in the built environment and attached required power and charging systems for the Netherlands. This was done as part of the DIEMIGO project on integration of electrical mobility in the built environment. Around the world several concepts for EV charging and EV/Building interfaces have been developed, or are under development. In general however integrated smart grid concepts, comfortable charging or user focused services and innovative charging are still lacking and mostly based on the principle of relatively simple “technical fixes” and do not address to problems to be solved in case of large scale introduction of Electric Mobility. Moreover, integration in the built environment is poor and full of potential pitfalls, especially as for security of supply when implemented at large numbers. We present the main results of an integrated scenario development study for the introduction of electric vehicles at ‘the Grounds’ location at Schiphol airport Amsterdam, in 2030. Firstly, relevant technological developments are summarized. Subsequently a transition is investigated from the current fossil fuel based transport system to also having vehicles that are powered by grid supplied electricity (G2V) and deliver electricity back to the grid (V2G), with energy generation based on renewables. Our purpose is to give an overview of these aspects for the entire system. In this study, the entire chain is therefore taken into account: the electrical grid and infrastructure and attached generation based on renewables, the coupling between car and infrastructure (user interface) and the vehicles themselves. This results in a broad set of issues that need to be dealt with in a large-scale transition towards electrical mobility from which conditions and recommendations can be derived. The outcomes of this research show that a high penetration of electric mobility into the built environment can be achieved generating little environmental impact, resulting in full integration within innovative and comfortable green urban areas. With the implementation of new transport technologies, unique services, and advanced sustainable energy production and management systems, it gives opportunity to build on the values of a progressive society to offer a innovate, inspiring but foremost sustainable environment.","e-mobility; renewable energy generation & -storage; vehicle to grid; grid to vehicle","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture","Building Technology","","","",""
"uuid:592c25d0-cbbd-4134-ab5a-1f25d4cedc15","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:592c25d0-cbbd-4134-ab5a-1f25d4cedc15","Angular momentum transfer torques in spin valves with perpendicular magnetization","Jia, X.; Li, Y.; Xia, K.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2011","Spin valves incorporating perpendicularly magnetized materials are promising structures for memory elements and high-frequency generators. We report the angular dependence of the spin-transfer torque in spin valves with perpendicular equilibrium magnetization computed by first-principles circuit theory and compare results with experiments by Rippard et al. [Phys. Rev. B 81, 014426 (2010)] on the CoFe|Cu|CoNi system. Furthermore, we predict a nonmonotonous (wavy) spin-transfer torque when the Cu spacer is replaced by a Ru layer.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:e2964da2-a681-43cc-bc83-33d9a196f2d9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e2964da2-a681-43cc-bc83-33d9a196f2d9","Model comparison for angle droplet fragmentation under varying accelerations","Bartz, F.O.; Guildenbecher, D.R.; Schmehl, R.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.J.; Sojka, P.E.","","2011","Different models for single droplet fragmentation have been assessed for different initial accelerations in the bag and sheet-thinning regimes. The predictions have been compared to high-speed-video sequences where a single droplet is injected in a cross-flow of air. It is concluded that the modeling of the temporal evolution of the breakup process is important. This includes modeling of the droplet drag before and after droplet initiation as well as a realistic breakup time. Furthermore, if the breakup criterion is based on a critical deformation instead of a critical Weber number, predictions of trajectories are improved for transient aerodynamic loadings.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Aerospace Engineering","Aerodynamics & Wind Energy","","","",""
"uuid:ed5c8fa4-1c0a-4976-b646-1aaf9a7fa5bf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ed5c8fa4-1c0a-4976-b646-1aaf9a7fa5bf","Crystal fields, disorder, and antiferromagnetic short-range order in Yb0.24Sn0.76Ru","Klimczuk, T.; Wang, C.H.; Lawrence, J.M.; Xu, Q.; Durakiewicz, T.; Ronning, F.; Llobet, A.; Trouw, F.; Kurita, N.; Tokiwa, Y.; Lee, H.; Booth, C.H.; Gardner, J.S.; Bauer, E.D.; Joyce, J.J.; Zandbergen, H.W.; Movshovich, R.; Cava, R.J.; Thompson, J.D.","","2011","We report extensive measurements on a new compound (Yb0.24Sn0.76)Ru that crystallizes in the cubic CsCl structure. Valence-band photoemission (PES) and L3 x-ray absorption show no divalent component in the 4f configuration of Yb. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) indicates that the eight-fold degenerate J-multiplet of Yb3+ is split by the crystalline electric field (CEF) into a ?7-doublet ground state and a ?8 quartet at an excitation energy 20 meV. The magnetic susceptibility can be fit very well by this CEF scheme under the assumption that a ?6-excited state resides at 32 meV; however, the ?8/?6 transition expected at 12 meV was not observed in the INS. The resistivity follows a Bloch-Grüneisen law shunted by a parallel resistor, as is typical of systems subject to phonon scattering with no apparent magnetic scattering. All of these properties can be understood as representing simple local moment behavior of the trivalent Yb ion. At 1 K there is a peak in specific heat that is too broad to represent a magnetic-phase transition, consistent with absence of magnetic reflections in neutron diffraction. On the other hand this peak also is too narrow to represent the Kondo effect in the ?7-doublet ground state. On the basis of the field dependence of the specific heat, we argue that antiferromagnetic (AF) short-range order (SRO) (possibly coexisting with Kondo physics) occurs at low temperatures. The long-range magnetic order is suppressed because the Yb site occupancy is below the percolation threshold for this disordered compound.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:a6b4ab4b-208d-4240-8357-e397e58f3d92","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a6b4ab4b-208d-4240-8357-e397e58f3d92","Magnetization dissipation in ferromagnets from scattering theory","Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2011","The magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets is often formulated in terms of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. The reactive part of this equation describes the response of the magnetization in terms of effective fields, whereas the dissipative part is parametrized by the Gilbert damping tensor. We formulate a scattering theory for the magnetization dynamics and map this description on the linearized LLG equation by attaching electric contacts to the ferromagnet. The reactive part can then be expressed in terms of the static scattering matrix. The dissipative contribution to the low-frequency magnetization dynamics can be described as an adiabatic energy pumping process to the electronic subsystem by the time-dependent magnetization. The Gilbert damping tensor depends on the time derivative of the scattering matrix as a function of the magnetization direction. By the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the fluctuations of the effective fields can also be formulated in terms of the quasistatic scattering matrix. The theory is formulated for general magnetization textures and worked out for monodomain precessions and domain-wall motions. We prove that the Gilbert damping from scattering theory is identical to the result obtained by the Kubo formalism.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:131da22c-f204-4682-a163-f1f0baf18489","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:131da22c-f204-4682-a163-f1f0baf18489","Viewpoint: Spin-magnon transmutation","Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2011","The conversion of magnons into electron spin flips via spin pumping may allow for low-power spin-based data transmission schemes.","spintronics; mesoscopics","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:64972c5f-4d0e-4c34-9e15-0eb1940a57bc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:64972c5f-4d0e-4c34-9e15-0eb1940a57bc","Macrospin Tunneling and Magnetopolaritons with Nanomechanical Interference","Kovalev, A.A.; Hayden, L.X.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2011","We theoretically address the quantum dynamics of a nanomechanical resonator coupled to the macrospin of a magnetic nanoparticle by both instanton and perturbative approaches. We demonstrate suppression of the tunneling between opposite magnetizations and destruction of magnetopolaritons (coherent magnetomechanical oscillations) by nanomechanical interference. The predictions can be verified experimentally by a molecular magnet attached to a nanomechanical bridge.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:18bae434-75f6-4ab7-8e2e-b04735bf0f60","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:18bae434-75f6-4ab7-8e2e-b04735bf0f60","Adaptive control method and adaptive controller for controlling energy supplied to a resonant tank","Van der Pijl, F.F.A.; Ferreira, J.A.; Bauer, P.; Castilla, M.","","2011","The invention relates to an adaptive controlling method for controlling energy- supplied by an electrical source (14) to a resonance tank (Cr, Lr) that is connectable to an electric load (13a, 13b). The method comprises the step of determining an energy amount to be supplied to the tank (Cr, Lr), based on information of energy in the resonance tank (Cr, Lr.).","","en","patent","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:f80e0ea7-d913-4775-97bf-87990820152a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f80e0ea7-d913-4775-97bf-87990820152a","Feedback control of noise in spin valves by the spin-transfer torque","Bandopadyay, S.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2011","The miniaturization of magnetic read heads and random access memory elements makes them vulnerable to thermal fluctuations. We demonstrate how current-induced spin-transfer torques can be used to suppress the effects of thermal fluctuations. This enhances the fidelity of perpendicular magnetic spin valves. The simplest realization is a dc to stabilize the free magnetic layers. The power can be significantly reduced without losing fidelity by simple control schemes, in which the stabilizing current-induced spin-transfer torque is controlled by the instantaneous resistance.","feedback; ferromagnetic resonance; magnetic heads; magnetic noise; magnetisation reversal; random-access storage; spin polarised transport; spin valves; transition metal compounds","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:181148a7-9de7-45ea-9fdc-8aa6284879b6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:181148a7-9de7-45ea-9fdc-8aa6284879b6","Proximity-effect–assisted decay of spin currents in superconductors","Morten, J.P.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Belzig, W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2010","The injection of pure spin current into superconductors by the dynamics of ferromagnetic contact is studied theoretically. Taking into account the suppression of the order parameter at the interfaces (inverse proximity effect) and the energy-dependence of spin-flip scattering, we determine the temperature-dependent ferromagnetic resonance linewidth broadening. Our results compare well with recent experiments in Nb|permalloy bilayers.","Proximity-effectassisted decay of spin currents","en","journal article","EDP sciences","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","kavli institute of nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:710d051c-b98b-474d-bb63-98fdb0260acb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:710d051c-b98b-474d-bb63-98fdb0260acb","Unified First-Principles Study of Gilbert Damping, Spin-Flip Diffusion, and Resistivity in Transition Metal Alloys","Starikov, A.A.; Kelly, P.J.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2010","Using a formulation of first-principles scattering theory that includes disorder and spin-orbit coupling on an equal footing, we calculate the resistivity ?, spin-flip diffusion length lsf, and Gilbert damping parameter ? for Ni1-xFex substitutional alloys as a function of x. For the technologically important Ni80Fe20 alloy, Permalloy, we calculate values of ?=3.5±0.15?????cm, lsf=5.5±0.3??nm, and ?=0.0046±0.0001 compared to experimental low-temperature values in the range 4.2–4.8?????cm for ?, 5.0–6.0 nm for lsf, and 0.004–0.013 for ?, indicating that the theoretical formalism captures the most important contributions to these parameters.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:3326fde3-dcac-4ff3-950b-27c739b55198","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3326fde3-dcac-4ff3-950b-27c739b55198","Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers","Mosendz, O.; Vlaminck, V.; Pearson, J.E.; Fradin, F.Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Bader, S.D.; Hoffmann, A.","","2010","Spin pumping is a mechanism that generates spin currents from ferromagnetic resonance over macroscopic interfacial areas, thereby enabling sensitive detection of the inverse spin Hall effect that transforms spin into charge currents in nonmagnetic conductors. Here we study the spin-pumping-induced voltages due to the inverse spin Hall effect in permalloy/normal metal bilayers integrated into coplanar waveguides for different normal metals and as a function of angle of the applied magnetic field direction, as well as microwave frequency and power. We find good agreement between experimental data and a theoretical model that includes contributions from anisotropic magnetoresistance and inverse spin Hall effect. The analysis provides consistent results over a wide range of experimental conditions as long as the precise magnetization trajectory is taken into account. The spin Hall angles for Pt, Pd, Au, and Mo were determined with high precision to be 0.013±0.002, 0.0064±0.001, 0.0035±0.0003, and ?0.0005±0.0001, respectively.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:b76f9148-136c-47ce-9e91-930a1beda037","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b76f9148-136c-47ce-9e91-930a1beda037","Electric Mobility & the Urban Environment: The Schiphol Case","Silvester, S.; Beella, S.K.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quist, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","The introduction of electric mobility is one of the promising options to create a more sustainable mobility system for the future. Electric vehicles offer the promise of major reductions in local CO2, NOX and particulate emissions. In addition, electric vehicles are silent, easy to service and have high ‘well-to-wheel’ energy efficiency. However, the introduction of electric vehicles into society also poses several important challenges. Current electric vehicle technologies have limitations with respect to ease of use, driving range, and time-to-charge, and are relatively expensive. Moreover, the use of electric vehicles requires an adequate charging and electric grid infrastructure, as well as dedicated solutions for vehicle charging and storage that are optimally integrated into the built environment. In this paper the results are presented of a ‘design inclusive research’ project for the introduction of electric vehicles in the urban environment. Researchers & designers from architecture, industrial design, electrical engineering and technology assessment were involved. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was a taken as a challenging case. The Schiphol Group has the ambition to develop its properties and business park areas in more sustainable a socially responsible way. Electric mobility is therefore one of the options to consider. The results show that it is possible to create a multifunctional, sustainable and comfortable urban area in which the electric mobility is very well integrated. It even can be stated that the sustainable urban development is becoming more feasible by the clever combination of renewableenergy, electricity grid design, inductive Park&Charge and customized electric vehicle services.","electric mobility; urban environment","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:f30889ae-701f-4d63-b08c-b1a8b8673bf5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f30889ae-701f-4d63-b08c-b1a8b8673bf5","Electric mobility & the urban environment; the Schiphol case","Silvester, S.; Beella, S.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quist, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","The introduction of electric mobility is one of the promising options to create a more sustainable mobility system for the future. Electric vehicles offer the promise of major reductions in local CO2, NOX and particulate emissions. In addition, electric vehicles are silent, easy to service and have high well-to-wheel energy efficiency. However, the introduction of electric vehicles into society also poses several important challenges. Current electric vehicle technologies have limitations with respect to ease of use, driving range, and time-to-charge, and are relatively expensive. Moreover, the use of electric vehicles requires an adequate charging and electric grid infrastructure, as well as dedicated solutions for vehicle charging and storage that are optimally integrated into the built environment. In this paper the results are presented of a design inclusive research project for the introduction of electric vehicles in the urban environment. Researchers & designers from architecture, industrial design, electrical engineering and technology assessment were involved. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was a taken as a challenging case. The Schiphol Group has the ambition to develop its properties and business park areas in more sustainable a socially responsible way. Electric mobility is therefore one of the options to consider. The results show that it is possible to create a multifunctional, sustainable and comfortable urban area in which the electric mobility is very well integrated. It even can be stated that the sustainable urban development is becoming more feasible by the clever combination of renewable energy, electricity grid design, inductive Park&Charge and customized electric vehicle services.","electric mobility; urban environment","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:88973e8c-46c9-4980-b688-e305fe1e8c47","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:88973e8c-46c9-4980-b688-e305fe1e8c47","Product service systems and sustainable mobility: An electric vehicle introduction case","Beella, S.K.; Silvester, S.; Brezet, J.C.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quist, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","A product service system (PSS) is a function-oriented business model aimed at providing sustainability of both consumption and production. A PSS is defined as a marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling user needs. In theory PSSs are normally shown realized with smart products. The first PSS were largely motivated by the need of traditional firms to cope with changing market forces and the recognition that services in combination with products could provide higher profits than products alone. Such need is there in the case of the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs). EVs have advantages over present internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in terms of ‘well-to-wheel’ efficiencies, mitigation of local emissions and use of renewable energy sources. But they also have disadvantages in terms of on-board energy carrying capacity and non-existent charging infrastructure. EVs have the potential to be smart products with the help of aspects such as induction charging and vehicle-to-grid function. EVs are introduced at different locations with different business models with less success or less interest from the end user. This article proposes that EVs stand a better chance when marketed for their services and customized to fit user needs than when positioned as a replacement for ICEVs. The research project tries to show that the development of PSSs could be well based on the technology assessment and design-oriented scenarios. A case for developing a methodology for the integration of EVs into the built environment, that of the Schiphol Airport area in the Netherlands, is illustrated in order to explore the possibilities and implications for developing electric vehicle service systems (EVSS).","product service systems; electric vehicle; function-oriented and sustainable mobility","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:f9ec7514-7afc-4e5b-b2b5-29f42de8894e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f9ec7514-7afc-4e5b-b2b5-29f42de8894e","Product service systems and sustainable mobility: An electric vehicle introduction case","Beella, S.; Silvester, S.; Brezet, H.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quis, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","A product service system (PSS) is a function-oriented business model aimed at providing sustainability of both consumption and production. A PSS is defined as a marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling user needs. In theory PSSs are normally shown realized with smart products. The first PSS were largely motivated by the need of traditional firms to cope with changing market forces and the recognition that services in combination with products could provide higher profits than products alone. Such need is there in the case of the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs). EVs have advantages over present internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in terms of well-to-wheel efficiencies, mitigation of local emissions and use of renewable energy sources. But they also have disadvantages in terms of on-board energy carrying capacity and non-existent charging infrastructure. EVs have the potential to be smart products with the help of aspects such as induction charging and vehicle-to-grid function. EVs are introduced at different locations with different business models with less success or less interest from the end user. This article proposes that EVs stand a better chance when marketed for their services and customized to fit user needs than when positioned as a replacement for ICEVs.The research project tries to show that the development of PSSs could be well based on the technology assessment and design-oriented scenarios. A case for developing a methodology for the integration of EVs into the built environment, that of the Schiphol Airport area in the Netherlands, is illustrated in order to explore the possibilities and implications for developing electric vehicle service systems (EVSS).","product service systems; electric vehicle; function-oriented and sustainable mobility.","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:c6fe7964-ce90-48c2-8575-cc6f6e77ec3e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c6fe7964-ce90-48c2-8575-cc6f6e77ec3e","An extension of dynamic droplet deformation models to secondary atomization","Bartz, F.O.; Schmehl, R.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.J.","","2010","A detailed model for secondary atomization of liquid droplets by aerodynamic forces is presented. As an empirical extension of dynamic droplet deformation models, it accounts for temporal variations of the relative velocity between droplet and gas phase during the deformation and breakup process and describes the characteristic features of different breakup mechanisms (deformation kinetics, aerodynamics and product properties). Computed droplet trajectories and Sauter mean diameters have been compared using the proposed deformation-based model and a model using a breakup criterion based on the local instantaneous Weber number. It is concluded, that a deformation-based criterion should be used for droplets exposed to complex aerodynamic loading and that more experimental research is required to identify the accuracy of the presented detailed breakup product model.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Aerospace Engineering","Aerodynamics & Wind Energy","","","",""
"uuid:fa9e7912-2e2e-429c-bf00-8ed7c449fa36","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fa9e7912-2e2e-429c-bf00-8ed7c449fa36","Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect","Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Uchida, K.; Saitoh, E.; Maekawa, S.","","2010","The spin Seebeck effect is a spin-motive force generated by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet that can be detected via normal metal contacts through the inverse spin Hall effect [K. Uchida et al., Nature (London) 455, 778 (2008)]. We explain this effect by spin pumping at the contact that is proportional to the spin-mixing conductance of the interface, the inverse of a temperature-dependent magnetic coherence volume, and the difference between the magnon temperature in the ferromagnet and the electron temperature in the normal metal [D. J. Sanders and D. Walton, Phys. Rev. B 15, 1489 (1977)].","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:ed4c407d-e3a6-46ff-91df-b4adfe9cd20d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ed4c407d-e3a6-46ff-91df-b4adfe9cd20d","A Wind Farm Electrical Systems Evaluation with EeFarm-II","Pierik, J.; Axelsson, U.; Eriksson, E.; Salomonsson, D.; Bauer, P.; Czech, B.","","2010","EeFarm-II is used to evaluate 13 different electrical systems for a 200 MW wind farm with a 100 km connection to shore. The evaluation is based on component manufacturer data of 2009. AC systems are compared to systems with DC connections inside the wind farm and DC connection to shore. Two options have the best performance for this wind farm size and distance: the AC system and the system with a DC connection to shore. EeFarm-II is a user friendly computer program for wind farm electrical and economic evaluation. It has been built as a Simulink Library in the graphical interface of Matlab-Simulink. EeFarm-II contains models of wind turbines, generators, transformers, AC cables, inductors, nodes, splitters, PWM converters, thyristor converters, DC cables, choppers and statcoms.","offshore wind farm electrical systems; offshore wind farm design; offshore wind farm economics","en","journal article","MDPI AG","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:dc3afc73-4c0a-4695-b662-d2cf418b43fd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc3afc73-4c0a-4695-b662-d2cf418b43fd","Spin heat accumulation and its relaxation in spin valves","Heikkilä, T.T.; Hatami, M.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2010","We study the concept of spin heat accumulation in excited spin valves, more precisely the effective electron temperature that may become spin dependent, both in linear response and far from equilibrium. A temperature or voltage gradient create nonequilibrium energy distributions of the two spin ensembles in the normal-metal spacer, which approach Fermi-Dirac functions through energy relaxation mediated by electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling. Both mechanisms also exchange energy between the spin subsystems. This interspin energy exchange may strongly affect thermoelectric properties of spin valves, leading, e.g., to violations of the Wiedemann-Franz law.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:5e00ae4e-bc95-4ad8-931d-21a018950065","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5e00ae4e-bc95-4ad8-931d-21a018950065","Spin-transfer dynamics in spin valves with out-of-plane magnetized CoNi free layers","Rippard, W.H.; Deac, A.M.; Pufall, M.R.; Shaw, J.M.; Keller, M.W.; Russek, S.E.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Serpico, C.","","2010","We have measured spin-transfer-induced dynamics in magnetic nanocontact devices having a perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni free layer and an in-plane magnetized CoFe fixed layer. The frequencies and powers of the excitations agree well with the predictions of the single-domain model and indicate that the excited dynamics correspond to precessional orbits with angles ranging from zero to 90° as the applied current is increased at a fixed field. From measurements of the onset current as a function of applied field strength we estimate the magnitude of the spin torque asymmetry parameter ??1.5. By combining these with spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements, we also estimate the spin-wave radiation loss in these devices.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:51b0424e-7841-4064-af4d-05c99e67b277","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:51b0424e-7841-4064-af4d-05c99e67b277","Nanoscale magnetic heat pumps and engines","Bauer, G.E.W.; Bretzel, S.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2010","We present the linear-response matrix for a sliding domain wall in a rotatable magnetic nanowire, which is driven out of equilibrium by temperature and voltage bias, mechanical torque, and magnetic field. An expression for heat-current-induced domain-wall motion is derived. Application of Onsager’s reciprocity relation leads to a unified description of the Barnett and Einstein-de Haas effects as well as spin-dependent thermoelectric properties. We envisage various heat pumps and engines, such as coolers driven by magnetic fields or mechanical rotation as well as nanoscale motors that convert temperature gradients into useful work. All parameters (with the exception of mechanical friction) can be computed microscopically by the scattering theory of transport.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:73ec6ed9-ee8f-4837-ab11-75686a8da058","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:73ec6ed9-ee8f-4837-ab11-75686a8da058","Quantifying Spin Hall Angles from Spin Pumping: Experiments and Theory","Mosendz, O.; Pearson, J.E.; Fradin, F.Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Bader, S.D.; Hoffmann, A.","","2010","Spin Hall effects intermix spin and charge currents even in nonmagnetic materials and, therefore, ultimately may allow the use of spin transport without the need for ferromagnets. We show how spin Hall effects can be quantified by integrating Ni80Fe20|normal metal (N) bilayers into a coplanar waveguide. A dc spin current in N can be generated by spin pumping in a controllable way by ferromagnetic resonance. The transverse dc voltage detected along the Ni80Fe20|N has contributions from both the anisotropic magnetoresistance and the spin Hall effect, which can be distinguished by their symmetries. We developed a theory that accounts for both. In this way, we determine the spin Hall angle quantitatively for Pt, Au, and Mo. This approach can readily be adapted to any conducting material with even very small spin Hall angles.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:9937778b-0a25-412c-90dd-dc677852612d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9937778b-0a25-412c-90dd-dc677852612d","Barnett effect in thin magnetic films and nanostructures","Bretzel, S.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Brataas, A.","","2009","The Barnett effect refers to the magnetization induced by rotation of a demagnetized ferromagnet. We describe the location and stability of stationary states in rotating nanostructures using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. The conditions for an experimental observation of the Barnett effect in different materials and sample geometries are discussed.","demagnetisation; ferromagnetic materials; gyromagnetic effect; magnetic thin films; nanostructured materials","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:f48d9208-2452-48f5-8b67-e1b0e3acb95a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f48d9208-2452-48f5-8b67-e1b0e3acb95a","Noise and dissipation in magnetoelectronic nanostructures","Foros, J.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2009","The interplay between current and magnetization fluctuations and dissipation in layered-ferromagnetic-normal-metal nanostructures is investigated. We use scattering theory and magnetoelectronic circuit theory to calculate charge and spin-current fluctuations. Via the spin-transfer torque, spin-current noise causes a significant enhancement of magnetization fluctuations. A special focus is on spin valves in which one of the ferromagnets is pinned. We find that the magnetization noise and damping are tensors that depend on the magnetic configuration. For symmetric spin valves in which both layers fluctuate, dynamic cross-talk between the layers becomes important, causing a possibly large difference in noise level between the parallel and antiparallel magnetic configurations. Due to giant magnetoresistance (GMR), the magnetization fluctuations in spin valves induce resistance noise, which is identified as a prominent source of electric noise at relatively high current densities. The resistance noise is shown to vary considerably with the magnetic configuration, partly due to the dependence of the angular GMR. The contribution from spin-current fluctuations to the resistance noise is shown to be significant. Resistance noise is an experimentally accessible quantity that can be measured to verify our results.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:f0ad8e8e-efb0-4b0e-a994-97a0b1ff8288","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f0ad8e8e-efb0-4b0e-a994-97a0b1ff8288","Thermoelectric effects in magnetic nanostructures","Hatami, M.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Zhang, Q.; Kelly, P.J.","","2009","We model and evaluate the Peltier and Seebeck effects in magnetic multilayer nanostructures by a finite-element theory of thermoelectric properties. We present analytical expressions for the thermopower and the current-induced temperature changes due to Peltier cooling/heating. The thermopower of a magnetic element is in general spin polarized, leading to spin-heat coupling effects. Thermoelectric effects in spin valves depend on the relative alignment of the magnetization directions and are sensitive to spin-flip scattering as well as inelastic collisions in the normal-metal spacer.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:a888bf1d-989a-4c4d-a2aa-45e652bf2d13","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a888bf1d-989a-4c4d-a2aa-45e652bf2d13","Charge pumping and the colored thermal voltage noise in spin valves","Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Maekawa, S.; Brataas, A.","","2009","Spin pumping by a moving magnetization gives rise to an electric voltage over a spin valve. Thermal fluctuations of the magnetization manifest themselves as increased thermal voltage noise with absorption lines at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and/or zero frequency. The effect depends on the magnetization configuration and can be of the same order of magnitude as the Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise. Measuring colored voltage noise is an alternative to ferromagnetic resonance experiments for nanoscale ferromagnetic circuits.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:77ba4a76-6336-4651-93cd-4deba068c9be","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:77ba4a76-6336-4651-93cd-4deba068c9be","Energy Storage and Power Management for Typical 4Q-Load","Baalbergen, F.; Bauer, P.; Ferreira, J.A.","","2009","Diesel generators in small electricity grids are mostly not used in a very efficient way. The reason for this is twofold. First of all, the efficiency of a diesel generator is dependent on the ratio determined by the average power divided by the peak power of the generator. The smaller this ratio is, the lower the efficiency. Furthermore, some loads can regenerate energy. In small grids, this energy is mostly not needed elsewhere and should be dissipated. A solution solving both problems previously mentioned is using an energy storage device in the system. This storage can be used for peak shaving and storing regenerated energy. This paper focuses on a generator-set with energy storage. Six different power management strategies are discussed. Calculation of the costs shows that adding an energy storage device lowers the cost for all methods. Verification with simulation and experiments has been carried out.","costs; diesel-driven generators; energy conservation; energy storage; lithium-ion battery; power electronics; supercapacitor","en","journal article","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:89a023ae-52eb-4136-8a34-8745ecc28364","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89a023ae-52eb-4136-8a34-8745ecc28364","X-ray investigation of buried SiGe islands for devices with strain-enhanced mobility","Hrauda, N.; Zhang, J.J.; Stangl, J.; Rehman-Khan, A.; Bauer, G.; Stoffel, M.; Schmidt, O.G.; Jovanovich, V.; Nanver, L.K.","","2009","In this work self-organized SiGe islands are used as stressors for Si capping layers, which later act as carrier channels in field effect transistors. To be able to address individual islands and to obtain a sufficiently narrow distribution of their properties, the SiGe islands are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on prepatterned Si substrates, with a regular two-dimensional array of pits. This combination of lithographic patterning and self-assembled island growth combines the advantages of both approaches and leads to very homogeneous island shape, size, and chemical composition. For processing, 4?in. wafers are used, and fields with pit periods between 600 and 1000?nm are defined by optical lithography. After growth of a Si buffer layer several monolayers of Ge are deposited, leading to island formation (dome or barn shaped) in the pits. Subsequent Si capping is performed at a low substrate temperature of 300?°C to avoid intermixing and shape changes of the buried islands. The Ge distribution in the buried islands and the strain distribution in the islands and the surrounding Si matrix are assessed by x-ray diffraction experiments, combined with three-dimensional model simulations using finite elements. Tensile strain values in the Si cap up to 8×10?3 can be achieved using this approach, which is difficult to achieve using other methods without introduction of dislocations.","buffer layers; carrier mobility; chemical analysis; field effect transistors; finite element analysis; Ge-Si alloys; island structure; molecular beam epitaxial growth; monolayers; photolithography; self-assembly; semiconductor epitaxial layers; semiconductor growth; semiconductor materials; tensile strength; X-ray diffraction","en","journal article","American Vacuum Society","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Microelectronics","","","",""
"uuid:93b9eb7e-6a7f-46a6-880c-822a4dbb0528","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:93b9eb7e-6a7f-46a6-880c-822a4dbb0528","Spin Accumulation with Spin-Orbit Interaction","Saarikoski, H.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2009","Spin accumulation is a crucial but imprecise concept in spintronics. In metal-based spintronics it is characterized in terms of semiclassical distribution functions. In semiconductors with a strong spin-orbit coupling the spin accumulation is interpreted as a superposition of coherent eigenstates. Both views can be reconciled by taking into account the electron-electron interaction: a sufficiently strong self-consistent exchange field reduces a spin accumulation to a chemical potential difference between the two spin bands even in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. We demonstrate the idea on a clean two-dimensional electron gas by showing how the exchange field protects a spin accumulation from dephasing and introduces an easy-plane anisotropy.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:edfaf4ed-63ce-442e-b2ff-5b738a13fa1b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:edfaf4ed-63ce-442e-b2ff-5b738a13fa1b","Operation of grid-connected DFIG under unbalanced grid voltage condition","Zhou, Y.; Bauer, P.; Ferreira, J.A.; Pierik, J.","","2009","Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) still shares a large part in today's wind power market. It provides the benefits of variable speed operation cost-effectively, and can control its active and reactive power independently. Crowbar protection is often adopted to protect the rotor-side voltage source converter (VSC) from transient overcurrent during grid voltage dip. But under unbalanced grid voltage condition, the severe problems are not the transient overcurrent, but the electric torque pulsation and dc voltage ripple in the back-to-back VSCs. This paper develops dynamic models in MATLAB/Simulink, validates it through experiments, investigates the behavior of DFIG during unbalanced grid voltage condition, and proposes new controllers in separated positive and negative sequence. Methods to separate positive and negative sequence components in real time are also developed, and their responses to unsymmetrical voltage dip are compared. Simulation results prove that the separated positive and negative sequence controllers limit the torque pulsation and dc voltage ripple effectively.","control; doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); operation; unbalanced","en","journal article","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:3edf7f0a-06bb-4f5e-8ff0-777f29efcfcf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3edf7f0a-06bb-4f5e-8ff0-777f29efcfcf","X-ray diffraction study of the composition and strain fields in buried SiGe islands","Hrauda, N.; Zhang, J.J.; Stoffel, M.; Stangl, J.; Bauer, G.; Rehman-Khan, A.; Holy, V.; Schmidt, O.G.; Jovanovic, V.; Nanver, L.K.","","2009","We report on studies of strain and composition of two-dimensionally ordered SiGe islands grown by molecular beam epitaxy using high resolution x-ray diffraction. To ensure a small size distribution of the islands, pit-patterned 4 (001) Si wafers were used as substrates. The Si wafers were patterned by optical lithography and reactive ion etching. The pits for island growth are ordered in regular 2D arrays with periods ranging from 500 to 1000nm along two orthogonal 110 directions. After the growth of a Si buffer layer, 5 to 9 monolayers of Ge are deposited, leading to the formation of islands with either dome- or barn shape, depending on the number of monolayers deposited. The Si capping of the islands is performed at low temperatures (300 C) to avoid intermixing and thus strain relaxation. Information on the surface morphology obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to set up models for three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of the islands including the patterned Si substrate. In the model, special attention was given to the non uniform distribution of the Ge content within the islands. The FEM results served as an input for calculating the diffracted x-ray intensities using kinematical scattering theory. Reciprocal space maps around the vicinity of symmetric (004) and asymmetric (113) and (224) Bragg peaks were recorded in coplanar geometry. Simulating different germanium gradients leads to altered scattered intensity distribution and consequently information on this quantity is obtained for both dome- and barn-shaped islands as well as on the strain fields.","","en","journal article","EDP sciences","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Micro Electronics","","","",""
"uuid:98b18423-8ca4-4afe-8f01-1a15fa2de407","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:98b18423-8ca4-4afe-8f01-1a15fa2de407","Toward the Next Level of PCB Usage in Power Electronic Converters","De Jong, E.C.W.; Ferreira, B.J.A.; Bauer, P.","","2008","A means for power electronics to exploit the level of 3-D packaging already being implemented in compact consumer products, such as digital cameras, is investigated in order to increase its power density. The increase in functionality and usage of printed circuit board (PCB) in power electronic converters is highlighted and improvements proposed to boost PCB usage to the next level. The material and manufacturing cost of an embedded planar transformer in a PCB-assembled power converter has been substantially reduced by introducing flexible-foil PCB to create the many windings without increasing the remaining number of (expensive) rigid PCB layers. Aspects such as the required folding pattern and its PCB material usage receive qualitative and quantitative attention. Furthermore, increasing of PCB functionality as regards integration of passives, geometrical packaging, and 3-D thermal management enhancement has been addressed. Not only is it shown that the integration of passives into a single, multifunctional PCB transformer structure is feasible but also that the same integral PCB can be used to geometrically package the remaining bulky, low-frequency, discrete components to create a power-dense converter and enhance the 3-D thermal magement. A power density improvement of 66% (from 150 to 250 W/L) is achieved by the technology demonstrator.","design methodology; geometrical packaging; optimization methods; packaging; power conversion; power density; power supplies; printed circuits; printed circuit layout","en","journal article","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:acbbb76e-c65a-4f89-ac4e-4961b1b195f7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:acbbb76e-c65a-4f89-ac4e-4961b1b195f7","Current-induced noise and damping in nonuniform ferromagnets","Foros, J.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2008","In the presence of spatial variation in the magnetization direction, electric current noise causes a fluctuating spin-transfer torque that increases the fluctuations of the ferromagnetic order parameter. By the fluctuationdissipation theorem, the fluctuations at thermal equilibrium are related to the viscous magnetization damping, which in nonuniform ferromagnets acquires a nonlocal tensor structure. At the hand of spin spirals, we demonstrate that the current-induced noise and damping increase with the gradient of the magnetization texture and becomes significant for narrow domain walls.","current fluctuations; ferromagnetism; magnetic domain walls; magnetisation,; noise; spin polarised transport; texture","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:e8de3a0b-c4c9-4e48-adaf-2017ea925ad2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8de3a0b-c4c9-4e48-adaf-2017ea925ad2","Improved Analytical Model of a Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor","Kumar, P.; Bauer, P.","","2008","In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model of a permanent-magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor. An analytical model for determining instantaneous air-gap field density is developed. This instantaneous field distribution can be further used to determine the cogging torque, induced back electromotive force, and iron losses in the motor. The advantage of analytical models is that they can be readily used for optimization of BLDC motor because they are fast.","air-gap field; BLDC motor; magnetization; permanent magnets","en","journal article","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:8df50036-b0ab-42a2-ae0a-32dede396f76","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8df50036-b0ab-42a2-ae0a-32dede396f76","Progressive design methodology for complex engineering systems based on multiobjective genetic algorithms and linguistic decision making","Kumar, P.; Bauer, P.","","2008","This work focuses on a design methodology that aids in design and development of complex engineering systems. This design methodology consists of simulation, optimization and decision making. Within this work a framework is presented in which modelling, multi-objective optimization and multi criteria decision making techniques are used to design an engineering system. Due to the complexity of the designed system a three-step design process is suggested. In the first step multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm is used. In the second step a multi attribute decision making process based on linguistic variables is suggested in order to facilitate the designer to express the preferences. In the last step the fine tuning of selected few variants are performed. This methodology is named as progressive design methodology. The method is applied as a case study to design a permanent magnet brushless DC motor drive and the results are compared with experimental values.","BLDC motors; PDM; Voltage source inverter; Genetic algorithms; Linguistic variables; Multi attribute decision making; Multi-objective optimization (MOOP)","en","journal article","Springer","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Sustainable Energy","","","",""
"uuid:f8671aaa-f4e4-477c-9302-185afcdf120c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f8671aaa-f4e4-477c-9302-185afcdf120c","Scattering Theory of Gilbert Damping","Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2008","The magnetization dynamics of a single domain ferromagnet in contact with a thermal bath is studied by scattering theory.We recover the Landau-Liftshitz-Gilbert equation and express the effective fields and Gilbert damping tensor in terms of the scattering matrix. Dissipation of magnetic energy equals energy current pumped out of the system by the time-dependent magnetization, with separable spin-relaxation induced bulk and spin-pumping generated interface contributions. In linear response, our scattering theory for the Gilbert damping tensor is equivalent with the Kubo formalism.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:32d72ed4-7f78-416e-aadb-de29291b3b5e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:32d72ed4-7f78-416e-aadb-de29291b3b5e","Piezospin Polarization of Currents in Nanostructures","Kovalev, A.A.; Zârbo, L.P.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Sinova, J.","","2008","Torsional oscillations of a freestanding semiconductor beam are shown to cause spin-dependent oscillating potentials that spin polarize an applied charge current in the presence of intentional or disorder scattering potentials. We propose several realizations of mechanical spin generators and manipulators based on this piezospintronic effect.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:3da5158a-0280-4362-8a32-bac9362be5b4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3da5158a-0280-4362-8a32-bac9362be5b4","Spin-transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions: Scattering theory","Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2008","We study the bias-dependent spin-transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions in the Stoner model by scattering theory. We show that the in-plane (Slonczewski type) torque vanishes and subsequently reverses its direction when the bias voltage becomes larger or the barrier wider than material and device-dependent critical values. We are able to reproduce the magnitude and the bias dependence of measured in-plane and out-of-plane torques using realistic parameters. The condition for the vanishing torque is summarized by a phase diagram depending on the applied bias and barrier width, which is explained in terms of an interface spin polarization and the electron focusing by the barrier. Quantum size effects in the spin-transfer torque are predicted as a function of the thickness of a normal-metal layer inserted between the ferromagnet and tunnel barrier.","ferromagnetism; interface magnetism; magnetic transitions; magnetic tunnelling; size effect; spin polarised transport","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:4ade5f53-4d89-4f55-84f3-a8de7d38d4b7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4ade5f53-4d89-4f55-84f3-a8de7d38d4b7","Charge pumping in magnetic tunnel junctions: Scattering theory","Xiao, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2008","We study theoretically the charge transport pumped by magnetization dynamics through epitaxial FIF and FNIF magnetic tunnel junctions (F, ferromagnet; I, insulator; N, normal metal). We predict a small but measurable dc pumping voltage under ferromagnetic resonance conditions for collinear magnetization configurations, which may change sign as a function of barrier parameters. A much larger ac pumping voltage is expected when the magnetizations are at right angles. Quantum size effects are predicted for an FNIF structure as a function of the normal layer thickness.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:b11de280-feff-458b-96e5-bc06c9893215","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b11de280-feff-458b-96e5-bc06c9893215","Distance and virtual laboratories","Bauer, P.; Fedak, V.; Hajek, V.","","2007","The paper deals with basic philosophy and structure of a remote controlled laboratory for experimentation in Electrical Engineering. The laboratory collects experiments from fields of Power Electronics, Electrical Machines, Electro-Mechanical and Motion Control Systems. The workbenches in the real laboratory are used over internet. Real experiments of the laboratory are distributed at various universities across Europe. A special care is devoted to preparation of learners to experimentation, including examining their knowledge before joining to the experiment. To have a feeling of participation in the experiment, except of the measurement data, also the signal from web camera is transferred to a distance operator.","","en","conference paper","s.n.","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Electrical Power Processing","","","",""
"uuid:a84c564c-772e-4e89-9c88-cd63ebfd11d9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a84c564c-772e-4e89-9c88-cd63ebfd11d9","SiGe growth on patterned Si(001) substrates: Surface evolution and evidence of modified island coarsening","Zhang, J.J.; Stoffel, M.; Rastelli, A.; Schmidt, O.G.; Jovanovi?, V.; Nanver, L.K.; Bauer, G.","","2007","The morphological evolution of both pits and SiGe islands on patterned Si(001) substrates is investigated. With increasing Si buffer layer thickness the patterned holes transform into multifaceted pits before evolving into inverted truncated pyramids. SiGe island formation and evolution are studied by systematically varying the Ge coverage and pit spacing and quantitative data on the influence of the pattern periodicity on the SiGe island volume are presented. The presence of pits allows the fabrication of uniform island arrays with any of their equilibrium shapes.","Ge-Si alloys; island structure; semiconductor growth; semiconductor materials; semiconductor quantum dots; surface morphology","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Microelectronics & Computer Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:236ba4c2-61a6-4837-b3a7-ed472494f501","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:236ba4c2-61a6-4837-b3a7-ed472494f501","Quantum control for an experimental contactless energy transfer system for multiple users","Van der Pijl, F.F.A.; Bauer, P.; Ferreira, J.A.; Polinder, H.","","2007","","energy transfer; inductive coupling; multiple output; power transfer; control; sliding-mode","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:e6c86c85-aba4-4f6e-b07b-5aa40028f876","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e6c86c85-aba4-4f6e-b07b-5aa40028f876","System variation of electrical GEN-SET with energy buffer","Leuchter, J.; Bauer, P.; Steklý, V.","","2007","","mobile electrical power sources; electrical GEN-SET; superca; VSCF","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:d51b4cf8-9012-4de2-9c09-a79340929dd2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d51b4cf8-9012-4de2-9c09-a79340929dd2","Magnetization damping in a local-density approximation","Skadsem, H.J.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Arne Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2007","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:90ed9231-23b0-468f-a474-36707d0c150e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:90ed9231-23b0-468f-a474-36707d0c150e","Control of DFIG under unsymmetrical voltage dip","Zhou, Y.; Bauer, P.; Ferreira, J.A., Pierik, J.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:1e0e8b0a-06b4-439d-ae28-a658fc933246","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1e0e8b0a-06b4-439d-ae28-a658fc933246","DC/DC converter with active filter supplied from trolley net","Sitar, J.; Racek, V.; Bauer, P.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:baa6855f-49cf-4c20-a862-066c173eb484","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:baa6855f-49cf-4c20-a862-066c173eb484","Rapid simulation of permanent magnet drives","Kumar, P.; van Duijsen, P.; Bauer, P.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","Mesago PCIM GmbH","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:7bcc7fa9-52b4-4ad6-9f13-ab399d10e62d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7bcc7fa9-52b4-4ad6-9f13-ab399d10e62d","Remote controlled practical education for power electronics and electrical drives","Bauer, P.; Fedák, V.; Hájek, V.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","University of Miskolc","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:8d5febf2-4280-42ec-86ea-8fad0df89291","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d5febf2-4280-42ec-86ea-8fad0df89291","PEMCWebLab - Distance practical education for power electronics and electrical drives","Bauer, P.; Maga, D.; Sitar, J.; Dudak, J.; Hartansky, R.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","IEEE/PESC","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:ba289492-8bc2-4a96-86c3-38416df9c21f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ba289492-8bc2-4a96-86c3-38416df9c21f","Efficient integrated control for chattering phenomena of a motion control system in sliding mode","Korondi, P.; Bauer, P.; van Duijsen, P.J.","","2007","","","en","journal article","Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l.","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:d80110bf-daa7-4cf4-be0a-273b8c67cf8e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d80110bf-daa7-4cf4-be0a-273b8c67cf8e","Efficient gradient coil driver for MRI","Bauer, P.; Spanjaard, S.; Ferreira, J.A.; Hollander, M.","","2007","","","en","journal article","Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l.","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:16b45814-d0f6-4e85-a494-7417a50dfd02","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:16b45814-d0f6-4e85-a494-7417a50dfd02","Current-driven ferromagnetic resonance, mechanical torques, and rotary motion in magnetic nanostructures","Kovalev, A.A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2007","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:89d4c45e-4d67-440a-9415-2410cf75b67f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89d4c45e-4d67-440a-9415-2410cf75b67f","Resistance noise in spin valves","Foros, J.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2007","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:46d752b1-a5c2-4a72-ae6b-2b8a1257cad5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:46d752b1-a5c2-4a72-ae6b-2b8a1257cad5","Thermal Spin-Transfer Torque in Magnetoelectronic Devices","Hatami, M.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Zhang, Q.; Kelly, P.J.","","2007","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:54899aba-6841-4d80-bde5-fedd41fb159f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54899aba-6841-4d80-bde5-fedd41fb159f","Distance practical education for power electronics","Bauer, P.; Dudak, J.; Maga, D.; Hajek, V.","","2007","","distance education; power electronics","en","journal article","Tempus Publications","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:2366db41-b045-4e4a-b61c-d2bf2e583096","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2366db41-b045-4e4a-b61c-d2bf2e583096","Improved genetic algorithm inspired by biological evolution","Kumar, P.; Gospodaric, D.; Bauer, P.","","2007","","Genetic algorithms; Multi-objective optimization; Mutations","en","journal article","Springer","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:ac790b9c-5ec6-49e9-81aa-58d505b5a06c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac790b9c-5ec6-49e9-81aa-58d505b5a06c","Technology of distance measurement and monitoring for power conversion and intelligent motion","Bauer, P.; Dudak, J.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","Mesago PCIM GmbH","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:ab5558ce-9efd-4ed0-8391-f0507de904fc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ab5558ce-9efd-4ed0-8391-f0507de904fc","Implementation of e-learning platform for distance practical education in electrical engineering","Bauer, P.; Fedák, V.","","2007","","distance education; education; E-learning; virtual laboratory","en","conference paper","Elfa","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:fcd0173a-a188-45f2-aa9d-22839b11470a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fcd0173a-a188-45f2-aa9d-22839b11470a","Bi-directional DC-DC converters for supercapacitor based energy buffer for electrical gen-sets","Leuchter, J.; Bauer, P.; Bojda, P.; Rerucha, V.","","2007","","","nl","conference paper","IEEE/EPE Association","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:9a5b8bc2-a2b4-478c-87d7-b97905c67daf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9a5b8bc2-a2b4-478c-87d7-b97905c67daf","Distance laboratories in electrical engineering","Bauer, P.; Fedák, V.","","2007","","e-learning; remote controlled experiments; engineering education","en","conference paper","Tulip","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:a09e4c35-57c8-4f47-834e-60365354ff72","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a09e4c35-57c8-4f47-834e-60365354ff72","Grid-connected and islanded operation of a hybrid power system","Zhou, Y.; Ferreira, J.A.; Bauer, P.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:90a3e7be-8f62-48dd-80d6-6003bdd6ccd6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:90a3e7be-8f62-48dd-80d6-6003bdd6ccd6","Analysis of electromechanical actuator based on FEM-circuit simulator coupling","Bauer, P.; Sitár, J.","","2007","","","en","journal article","Vydavatelstvo Zilinskej Univerzity Edis","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:703cd3c2-8cf4-48f7-babc-8b33cdd38949","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:703cd3c2-8cf4-48f7-babc-8b33cdd38949","Optimization technique for ED&PE","Kumar, P.; Bauer, P.","","2007","","optimization; BLDC drive","en","conference paper","Tulip","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:30bd73a3-5f4b-449f-b8eb-bf97cec00242","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:30bd73a3-5f4b-449f-b8eb-bf97cec00242","Remote controlled practical education for power electronics","Bauer, P.; Staudt, V.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","IEEE/EPE Association","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:4299af34-fe86-4565-a338-07d5e3996673","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4299af34-fe86-4565-a338-07d5e3996673","Multi-objective optimization of a BLDC drive","Kumar, P.; Bauer, P.","","2007","","","en","conference paper","AD University of Trencín","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:4f253ccf-8aa2-4095-b3b8-d66dc3471ed1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4f253ccf-8aa2-4095-b3b8-d66dc3471ed1","Charge and spin transport in spin valves with anisotropic spin relaxation","Saarikoski, H.; Wetzels, W.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2007","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:c5a727f4-55ce-49d2-a54a-1e69e78d9068","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c5a727f4-55ce-49d2-a54a-1e69e78d9068","Detection of Current-Induced Spins by Ferromagnetic Contacts","Adagideli, I.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Halperin, B.I.","","2006","Detection of current-induced spin accumulation via ferromagnetic contacts is discussed. Onsager’s relations forbid that in a two-probe configuration, spins excited by currents in time-reversal symmetric systems can be detected by switching the magnetization of a ferromangetic detector contact. Nevertheless, current-induced spins can be transferred as a torque to a contact magnetization and can affect the charge currents in many-terminal configurations. We demonstrate the general concepts by solving the microscopic transport equations for the diffuse Rashba system with magnetic contacts.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:40bf0fd2-33ac-4820-8121-d9fc1ecb998d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:40bf0fd2-33ac-4820-8121-d9fc1ecb998d","Exchange effects on electron transport through single-electron spin-valve transistors","Wetzels, W.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Grifoni, M.","","2006","We study electron transport through single-electron spin-valve transistors in the presence of nonlocal exchange between the ferromagnetic leads and the central normal-metal island. The Coulomb interaction is described with the “orthodox model” for Coulomb blockade and we allow for noncollinear lead magnetization directions. Two distinct exchange mechanisms that have been discussed in the literature are shown to be of comparable strength and are taken into account on equal footing. We present results for the linear conductance as a function of gate voltage and magnetic configuration, and discuss the response of the system to applied magnetic fields.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:b6fe31bf-395a-4164-b01a-6bd5d07bda85","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b6fe31bf-395a-4164-b01a-6bd5d07bda85","Voltage Generation by Ferromagnetic Resonance at a Nonmagnet to Ferromagnet Contact","Wang, X.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Van Wees, B.J.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.","","2006","A ferromagnet can resonantly absorb rf radiation to sustain a steady precession of the magnetization around an internal or applied magnetic field. We show that, under these ferromagnetic resonance conditions, a dc voltage is generated at a normal-metal electric contact to a ferromagnet with spin-flip scattering. The spin dynamics in the nonmagnetic region is accounted for by a frequency-dependent renormalization of the interface conductances. This mechanism allows sensing of time-dependent magnetizations by established dc electronic techniques.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:4977db79-e2e7-47e4-babe-d8e51ccf8c15","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4977db79-e2e7-47e4-babe-d8e51ccf8c15","Current-induced magnetization dynamics in disordered itinerant ferromagnets","Tserkovnyak, Y.; Skadsem, H.J.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2006","Current-driven magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic metals is studied in a self-consistent adiabatic local-density approximation in the presence of spin-conserving and spin-dephasing impurity scattering. Based on a quantum kinetic equation, we derive Gilbert damping and spin-transfer torques entering the Landau-Lifshitz equation to linear order in frequency and wave vector. Gilbert damping and a current-driven dissipative torque scale identically and compete, with the result that a steady current-driven domain-wall motion is insensitive to spin dephasing in the limit of weak ferromagnetism. A uniform magnetization is found to be much more stable against spin torques in the itinerant than in the s-d model for ferromagnetism. A dynamic spin-transfer torque reminiscent of the spin pumping in multilayers is identified and shown to govern the current-induced domain-wall distortion.","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:2423fe69-d3d3-4619-ad12-39b200781984","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2423fe69-d3d3-4619-ad12-39b200781984","Implementation of ILDMs based on a Representation in Generalized Coordinates","Bauer, J.; Bykov, V.; Maas, U.","","2006","The usage of detailed chemical kinetics for the mathematical modeling of combustion processes is desirable, but leads to a high computational effort. In the present work one of the methods of simplification of chemical kinetics - Intrinsic low-dimensional manifolds (ILDMs) is considered. Whereas in most CFD applications ILDMs are calculated in terms of a fixed parameterization given by, e.g., concentrations of major species, a locally adapted parameterization procedure is introduced in terms of so-called generalized coordinates. The problem of non-existence of ILDMs in parts of the domain of interest of the state space is overcome by an extention procedure based on simplified stationary solutions. These modifications improve numerical stability, performance and guarantee uniqueness of tabulated manifolds. Sample calculations of laminar flames verify the approach.","combustion; reduction; ILDM; invariant manifolds","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:1016b682-7cec-4e69-a709-79f14771399b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1016b682-7cec-4e69-a709-79f14771399b","Simulation of flicker mitigation with the Smarttrafo","Abdulrahman, H.; Bauer, P.; van Duijsen, P.J.","","2006","","","en","conference paper","Taiwan Power Electronic Association/IEEE Taipei","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:ea8eeff7-5779-4e8d-b098-49a3d050d510","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ea8eeff7-5779-4e8d-b098-49a3d050d510","Diffusion of monochromatic classical waves","Gerritsen, S.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:c40c51d3-b534-4b46-baee-1c19b012246c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c40c51d3-b534-4b46-baee-1c19b012246c","Current-induced macrospin versus spin-wave excitations in spin valves","Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:a374c1b6-4ef3-4e4f-aa3e-03d72336b5b1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a374c1b6-4ef3-4e4f-aa3e-03d72336b5b1","Perpendicular spin valves with ultrathin ferromagnetic layers: Magnetoelectronic circuit investigation of finite-size effects","Kovalev, A.A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:7fc39e59-0de2-475a-8433-0d9e736231d8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7fc39e59-0de2-475a-8433-0d9e736231d8","Dynamics of thin-film spin-flip transistors with perpendicular source-drain magnetizations","Wang, X.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Hoffman, A.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:4c217d1d-aec5-45e6-ba99-975e43f21dc5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4c217d1d-aec5-45e6-ba99-975e43f21dc5","Vertex corrections to the anomalous hall effect in spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gases with a Rasha spin-orbit interaction","Inoue, J.I.; Kato, T.; Ishikawa, Y; Itoh, H.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Molenkamp, L.W.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:fe6d7e75-111f-4e02-9cb7-c52f2c28cfe9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fe6d7e75-111f-4e02-9cb7-c52f2c28cfe9","Design techniques for thermal management in switch mode converters","De Jong, E.C.W.; Ferreira, J.A.; Bauer, P.","","2006","","AC-DC power conversion; design methodology; finite-difference methods (FDMs); optimization methods; printedcircuit board (PCB); assembled power supplies; thermal management; thermal variables control","en","journal article","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:b32b82e9-cb84-4543-a86f-1f44d13bc817","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b32b82e9-cb84-4543-a86f-1f44d13bc817","Modeling and simulation for wind energy","van Duijsen, P.; Bauer, P.; Chen, F.","","2006","","","en","conference paper","Taiwan Power Electronic Association/IEEE Taipei","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:74577e2e-c770-401a-a84f-2362c25ab23c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:74577e2e-c770-401a-a84f-2362c25ab23c","Design of an Inductive Contactless Power System for Multiple Users","van der Pijl, F.F.A.; Ferreira, J.A.; Bauer, P.; Polinder, H.","","2006","","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering for the Built Environment","","","","",""
"uuid:aea9f6b6-8c58-40a0-8767-902e287c75a6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aea9f6b6-8c58-40a0-8767-902e287c75a6","Efficient magnetization reversal with noisy currents","Wetzels, W.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Jouravlev, O.N.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft","","","",""
"uuid:f7d48dc7-2277-488f-bd2c-8bbf746640f6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f7d48dc7-2277-488f-bd2c-8bbf746640f6","First-principles scattering matrices for spin transport","Xia, K.; Zwierzycki, M.; Talanana, M.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2006","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:ab53f461-d039-46c5-85ca-330762ef2cb0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ab53f461-d039-46c5-85ca-330762ef2cb0","Thermal design based on surface temperature mapping","de Jong, E.C.W.; Ferreira, J.A.; Bauer, P.","","2005","","","en","journal article","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:6b41c7b7-f95b-453c-9d1d-e516cf953b77","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6b41c7b7-f95b-453c-9d1d-e516cf953b77","Nonlocal magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures","Tserkovnyak, Y.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Halperin, B.I.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:012d5c16-bb77-4eb9-aa58-0095ed085bce","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:012d5c16-bb77-4eb9-aa58-0095ed085bce","Spin accumulation and decay in magnetic Schottky barriers","Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Brataas, A.; Ren, J.; Xia, K.; Zwierzycki, M.; Kelly, P.J.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:65f5b3de-2fa7-42cd-be9a-c957009a0e13","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:65f5b3de-2fa7-42cd-be9a-c957009a0e13","Intrinsic spin hall edges","Adagideli, I.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:803b30de-1f67-43c9-b972-723f77f5b062","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:803b30de-1f67-43c9-b972-723f77f5b062","Magnetization noise in magnetoelectronic nanostructures","Foros, J.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:f363dffe-ca76-4d76-84fd-27f2ef1d9006","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f363dffe-ca76-4d76-84fd-27f2ef1d9006","Noncollinear single-electron spin-valve transistors","Wetzels, W.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Grifoni, M.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:1104ad5c-8f0d-465d-a815-b62667d1b8b8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1104ad5c-8f0d-465d-a815-b62667d1b8b8","First-principles study of magnetization relaxation enhancement and spin transfer in thin magnetic films","Zwierzycki, M.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Kelly, P.J.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:e90c246e-50f2-4690-8917-1e92332c433e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e90c246e-50f2-4690-8917-1e92332c433e","Nanomechanical magnetization reversal","Kovalev, A.A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2005","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:07fa206e-7fb5-4cc2-80bf-c95d35f301ff","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:07fa206e-7fb5-4cc2-80bf-c95d35f301ff","Reducing the critical switching current in nanoscale spin valves","Manschot, J.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2004","The current induced magnetization reversal in nanoscale spin valves is a potential alternative to magnetic field switching in magnetic memories. We show that the critical switching current can be decreased by an order of magnitude by strategically distributing the resistances in the magnetically active region of the spin valve. In addition, we simulate full switching curves and predict a new precessional state.","ferromagnetic materials; magnetic multilayers; spin valves; magnetisation reversal; magnetic switching; critical currents; magnetic storage","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:115394f0-32b4-4c84-b145-0df1a0b17b44","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:115394f0-32b4-4c84-b145-0df1a0b17b44","Cluster optical coding – from biochips to counterfeit security","Haglmüller, J.; Alguel, Y.; Mayer, Ch.; Matyusshin, V.; Bauer, G.; Pittner, F.; Leitner, A.; Aussenegg, F.; Schalkhammer, T.","","2004","Spatially tuned resonant nano-clusters allow high local field enhancement when excited by electromagnetic radiation. A number of phenomena has been described and subsequently applied for the construction of novel nano- and bionano-devices. Easy to manufacture, cost efficient and high throughput transducers using metal cluster resonance technology are based on surface-enhancement of metal cluster light absorption (SEA). The optical phenomenon driving SEA in metal cluster films is the so-called anomalous absorption. At a well defined nanometric distance of a cluster to a mirror the reflected electromagnetic field has the same phase at the position of the absorbing cluster as the incident fields. This feedback mechanism strongly enhances the effective cluster absorption coefficient. Such a system is characterized by a narrow reflection minimum. Based on this SEA-phenomenon (licensed to and further developed by november AG) a number of commercial products has been constructed. BrandsealingR uses the patented SEA cluster technology to produce optical codings. Cluster SEA thin film systems show a characteristic color-flip effect and are extremely robust. Both properties are vital for application as a unique security feature. The specific narrow band multi-resonance of the cluster layers allow easy authentication of the optical code. This can be achieved with a hand-held reader being developed by november AG and Siemens AG. SEA features are machine-readable which makes them superior to comparable technologies. Cluster labels are available in two formats: as a label for tamper-proof product packaging, and as a direct label, where label and logo are permanently applied directly and unremovable to the product surface. Together with Infineon Technologies and HUECK FOLIEN, the SEA technology is currently developed as a direct label for e.g. SmartCards.","counterfeit; surface enhanced absorption; nano-cluster; optical sensor; biochip","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Institute of Analytical Biotechnology","","","",""
"uuid:5d7f5f7b-9e2c-4b1a-a918-d59028049895","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5d7f5f7b-9e2c-4b1a-a918-d59028049895","Suppression of the persistent spin Hall current by defect scattering","Inoue, J.I.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Molenkamp, L.W.","","2004","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:450df218-ea8c-4cac-8d3f-6ee46529dea4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:450df218-ea8c-4cac-8d3f-6ee46529dea4","Dynamic Ferromagnetic Proximity Effect in Photoexcited Semiconductors","Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Halperin, B.I.; Zwierzycki, M.; Kelly, J.P.","","2004","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:14d28021-97f9-4751-a7ef-b68ea62fa336","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14d28021-97f9-4751-a7ef-b68ea62fa336","Magnetovibrational coupling in small cantilevers","Kovalev, A.A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.","","2003","A nanomagnetomechanical system consisting of a cantilever and a thin magnetic film is predicted to display magnetovibrational modes, which should enable applications for sensors and actuators. The “polaritonic” modes can be detected by line splittings in ferromagnetic resonance spectra.","micromechanical devices; magnetomechanical effects; nanotechnology; magnetic thin films; microsensors; magnetic thin film devices; microactuators; ferromagnetic resonance","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:d333fccb-cc29-412f-9049-43db6a0f25e6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d333fccb-cc29-412f-9049-43db6a0f25e6","Spin-torque transistor","Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Van Wees, B.J.","","2003","A magnetoelectronic thin-film transistor is proposed that can display negative differential resistance and gain. The working principle is the modulation of the soure–drain current in a spin valve by the magnetization of a third electrode, which is rotated by the spin-torque created by a control spin valve. The device can operate at room temperature, but in order to be useful, ferromagnetic materials with polarizations close to unity are required.","spin valves; magnetoelectronics; thin film transistors; magnetic thin film devices","en","journal article","American Institute of Physics","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","Kavli Institute of Nanoscience","","","",""
"uuid:d14bfc26-eabd-4e34-b046-c1a364b0f0cb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d14bfc26-eabd-4e34-b046-c1a364b0f0cb","Dynamic Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Bilayers","Heinrich, B.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Woltersdorf, G.; Brataas, A.; Urban, R.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2003","","","en","journal article","American Physcial Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:ab65c227-6bd8-44a1-bda5-759b58ae1c38","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ab65c227-6bd8-44a1-bda5-759b58ae1c38","Diffuse transport and spin accumulation in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas","Inoue, J.I.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Molenkamp, L.W.","","2003","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:afe033f8-8697-4286-8c75-a5bce4f122ff","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:afe033f8-8697-4286-8c75-a5bce4f122ff","Universal angular magnetoresistance and spin torque in ferromagnetic/normal metal hybrids","Bauer, G.E.W.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Huertas-Hernando, D.; Brataas, A.","","2003","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:2e26d098-616e-42d4-9180-9b7427765ded","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2e26d098-616e-42d4-9180-9b7427765ded","Spin injection through an Fe/InAs interface","Zwierzycki, M.; Xia, K.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Turek, I.","","2003","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:07f79894-f047-496a-9592-00f87c5b616c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:07f79894-f047-496a-9592-00f87c5b616c","Magnetoelectronic Spin Echo","Brataas, A.; Zaránd, G.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2003","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:14b5db11-3748-4a3f-8113-4d4a2c56c03e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14b5db11-3748-4a3f-8113-4d4a2c56c03e","Dynamic stiffness of spin valves","Tserkovnyak, Y.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2003","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:342f3991-9794-4c9a-bff7-c0ab5b83100f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:342f3991-9794-4c9a-bff7-c0ab5b83100f","Spin battery operated by ferromagnetic resonance","Brataas, A.; Tserkovnyak, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Halperin, B.I.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:870e4fd1-205c-42eb-abcd-7cb61a0ee758","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:870e4fd1-205c-42eb-abcd-7cb61a0ee758","Spin torques in ferromagnetic/normal-metal structures","Xia, K.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Brataas, A.; Turek, I.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:d85c0619-a649-4612-be25-98ff480832f2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d85c0619-a649-4612-be25-98ff480832f2","Enhanced gilbert damping in thin ferromagnetic films","Tsernovnyak, Y.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:d801375f-845c-42cd-bc36-1c0b952997d9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d801375f-845c-42cd-bc36-1c0b952997d9","Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in metallic multilayers","Tserkovnyak, Y.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:b79c752a-7dd3-47c1-85ac-d31ed6587d92","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b79c752a-7dd3-47c1-85ac-d31ed6587d92","Spin transfer in diffusive ferromagnet¿normal metal systems with spin-flip scattering","Kovalev, A.A.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:c6dec08c-3de7-4235-8537-f4e2547a5913","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c6dec08c-3de7-4235-8537-f4e2547a5913","Spin-dependent transparency of ferromagnet/superconductor interfaces","Xia, X.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Turek, I.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:2300baa5-fb12-4185-bc40-1d72ff92c781","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2300baa5-fb12-4185-bc40-1d72ff92c781","Amplitude coda of classical waves in disordered media","Ferreira, M.S.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2002","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:886cdaf7-73ee-4c23-820a-0a7005433583","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:886cdaf7-73ee-4c23-820a-0a7005433583","Taxonomic studies on the genus Cystofilobasidium: Description of Cystofilobasidium ferigula sp. nov. and clarification of the status of Cystofilobasidium lari-marini","Sampaio, J.P.; Gadanho, M.; Bauer, R.","","2001","","","en","journal article","Society for General Microbiology","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:81188ea4-9904-4760-8771-ab83a58f3650","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:81188ea4-9904-4760-8771-ab83a58f3650","Dynamics of classical wave scattering by small obstacles","Bauer, G.E.W.; Ferreira, M.S.; Wapenaar, C.P.A.","","2001","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:46e1ae4e-c656-4d76-bc34-c7ce631efe50","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:46e1ae4e-c656-4d76-bc34-c7ce631efe50","Rashba Hamiltonian and electron transport","Molenkamp, L.W.; Schmidt, G.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2001","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:b9be12d7-a5df-465a-a59d-2970cdc36ad7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b9be12d7-a5df-465a-a59d-2970cdc36ad7","Interface resistance of disordered magnetic multilayers","Xia, K.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Turek, I.; Kudrnovský, J.; Drchal, V.","","2001","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:5d538e78-6594-444a-a9dd-d8df1796cfe3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5d538e78-6594-444a-a9dd-d8df1796cfe3","Spin-accumulation and Andreev-reflection in a mesoscopic ferromagnetic wire","Belzig, W.; Nazarov, Y.V.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2000","The electron transport though ferromagnetic metal-superconducting hybrid devices is considered in the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism in the quasiclassical approximation. Attention if focused on the limit in which the exchange splitting in the ferromagnet is much larger than the superconducting energy gap. Transport properties are then governed by an interplay between spin-accumulation close to the interface and Andreev reflection at the interface. We find that the resistance can either be enhanced or lowered in comparison to the normal case and can have a non-monotonic temperature and voltage dependence. In the non-linear voltage regime electron heating effects may govern the transport properties, leading to qualitative different behaviour than in the absence of heating effects. Recent experimental results on the effect of the superconductor on the conductance of the ferromagnet can be understood by our results for the energy-dependent interface resistance together with effects of spin- accumulation without invoking long range pairing correlations in the ferromagnet","Superconductivity","en","journal article","IOP Publishing","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:a4550219-d38a-473a-8e30-4bd0c8c3b339","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a4550219-d38a-473a-8e30-4bd0c8c3b339","Strong effects of weak localization in charge-density-wave/normal-metal hybrids","Visscher, M.I.; Rejaei, B.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2000","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:1433a72a-63a2-4f02-9d43-8ee85e6e044a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1433a72a-63a2-4f02-9d43-8ee85e6e044a","Finite-element theory of transport in ferromagnet-normal metal systems","Brataas, A.; Nazarov, Yu.V.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2000","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:17d1b9cb-c892-4723-8528-4e639711db37","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:17d1b9cb-c892-4723-8528-4e639711db37","Localization of Rayleigh waves","Garber, B.; Cahay, M.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2000","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:82f5364d-c2ae-4079-a82a-01d2fbd1f654","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:82f5364d-c2ae-4079-a82a-01d2fbd1f654","Spin accumulation and Andreev reflection in a mesoscopic ferromagnetic wire","Belzig, W.; Brataas, A.; Nazarov, Yu.V.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2000","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:3aa2cc8e-f643-4a73-a881-5dc030935bec","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3aa2cc8e-f643-4a73-a881-5dc030935bec","Conductance modulation by spin precession in noncollinear ferromagnet normal-metal ferromagnet systems","Huertas Hernando, D.; Nazarov, Yu.V.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","2000","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:37a2e072-6784-4b22-aeb0-0b87bce63284","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:37a2e072-6784-4b22-aeb0-0b87bce63284","Negative domain wall resistance in ferromagnets","Van Gorkom, R.P.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1999","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:0c86c463-bbb1-4600-a9e8-abd8bbbab746","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0c86c463-bbb1-4600-a9e8-abd8bbbab746","Ballistic and diffuse transport through a ferromagnetic domain wall","Brataas, A.; Tatara, G.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1999","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:de8325e0-659a-490c-99d3-7bc58de1943d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:de8325e0-659a-490c-99d3-7bc58de1943d","Spin accumulation in small ferromagnetic double-barrier junctions","Brataas, A.; Nazarov, Yu.V.; Inoue, J.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1999","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:b50169f5-f1b8-4ff4-8a35-bbce23e6e2c0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b50169f5-f1b8-4ff4-8a35-bbce23e6e2c0","Ballistic electron transport through magnetic domain walls","Van Hoof, J.B.A.N.; Schep, K.M.; Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Kelly, P.J.","","1999","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:77143d50-de35-4a0d-9d92-2421cf799455","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:77143d50-de35-4a0d-9d92-2421cf799455","Ballistic transport and electronic structure","Schep, K.M.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1998","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:0008ae55-6024-4eff-a673-2a1b83701078","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0008ae55-6024-4eff-a673-2a1b83701078","Interface resistances of magnetic multilayers","Schep, K.M.; van Hoof, J.B.A.N.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Inglesfield, J.E.","","1997","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:47a56e8e-8882-4233-8c9b-2d2060cd76b9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:47a56e8e-8882-4233-8c9b-2d2060cd76b9","Universality of transport through dirty interfaces","Schep, K.M.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1997","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:d4899f1e-3b96-4695-9d2e-a71f722f7f2b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d4899f1e-3b96-4695-9d2e-a71f722f7f2b","Transport through dirty interfaces","Schep, K.M.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1997","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:940d3abd-0bb7-439e-83c1-6442ec75709d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:940d3abd-0bb7-439e-83c1-6442ec75709d","Conductance fluctuations near the ballistic-transport regime","Asano, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1996","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:67a7fac5-47c0-42e5-a262-a43a8f950132","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:67a7fac5-47c0-42e5-a262-a43a8f950132","Terahertz dynamics of excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells","Cerne, J.; Kono, J.; Sherwin, M.S.; Sundaram, M.; Gossard, A.C.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1996","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:54913bba-a70d-4dbf-9e9f-406b12f9f3b5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54913bba-a70d-4dbf-9e9f-406b12f9f3b5","Mesoscopic charge-density-wave junctions","Visscher, M.I.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1996","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:c11143e4-b314-4e02-ae53-6fe509c41cd3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c11143e4-b314-4e02-ae53-6fe509c41cd3","Superconducting properties of La3Ni2B2N3-delta","Michor, H.; Krendelsberger, R.; Hilscher, G.; Bauer, E.; Dusek, C.; Hauser, R.; Naber, L.; Werner, D.; Rogl, P.; Zandbergen, H.W.","","1996","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:185a29b4-3e32-47ab-b231-79e65ee03fd0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:185a29b4-3e32-47ab-b231-79e65ee03fd0","Collective transport through charge-density-wave heterostructures","Rejaei, B.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1996","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:1be14531-f984-406b-ab1d-1ab902257a51","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1be14531-f984-406b-ab1d-1ab902257a51","Dynamic analysis of three-phase AC converters: A method for the dynamical analysis and synthesis of pulse modulated three-phase AC converters.","Bauer, P.","Deleroi, W. (promotor)","1995","","dynamic analysis; switching space phasor; power electronics; resonant link convertors","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:29776275-e019-4b6c-a70d-eeb3514c49c7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:29776275-e019-4b6c-a70d-eeb3514c49c7","Low-temperature transport of excitons in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells","Dzyubenko, A.B.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:009ee4cb-e083-4057-b1db-cff6d8167e4c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:009ee4cb-e083-4057-b1db-cff6d8167e4c","Geometrical effect of composite fermions","Khaetskii, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:1e30f0f4-07c9-4c79-a86f-678ee583f860","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1e30f0f4-07c9-4c79-a86f-678ee583f860","Density-functional theory of quantum wires and dots in a strong magnetic field","Stoof, T.H.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:1748819a-5dbc-4931-96d2-5fee838e5f08","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1748819a-5dbc-4931-96d2-5fee838e5f08","Giant magnetoresistance without defect scattering","Schep, K.M.; Kelly, P.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:8b2c686d-c91f-4e70-9092-9f2dddece101","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b2c686d-c91f-4e70-9092-9f2dddece101","Exciton states in two-dimensional systems of GaAs/AlAs multi-quantum-well structures under high magnetic fields","Yasui, T.; Segawa, Y.; Aoyagi, Y.; Iimura, Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Mogi, I.; Kido, G.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:2d957921-2e8e-40b6-8d0e-4ada9c39c08a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2d957921-2e8e-40b6-8d0e-4ada9c39c08a","Ballistic conductance of composite fermions","Khaetskii, A.; Nazarov, Yu.V.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:c7c2d1c6-65bd-49cc-80fa-88b59f85c897","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c7c2d1c6-65bd-49cc-80fa-88b59f85c897","Impurity necklaces in the two-dimensional electron gas","Bauer, G.E.W.","","1995","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:f1a22296-c1de-47c3-85f4-73dd4f63b541","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f1a22296-c1de-47c3-85f4-73dd4f63b541","Electrostatics of inter-Landau-level diodes","Khaetskii, A.V.; Fal¿ko, V.I.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1994","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:79b44825-4611-4109-9cb9-f25ddb22f0ed","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:79b44825-4611-4109-9cb9-f25ddb22f0ed","Hysteresis and defects of spin-polarized edge states in the integer quantum Hall regime","Rijkels, L.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1994","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:dc81391e-3a68-4adc-94f8-feca61a51487","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc81391e-3a68-4adc-94f8-feca61a51487","Magnetoexcitons in quantum wires with an anisotropic parabolic potential","Tanaka, T.; Arakawa, Y.; Bauer, G.W.E.","","1994","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:824245af-1902-4d69-bc3a-0affd9c692cd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:824245af-1902-4d69-bc3a-0affd9c692cd","Semiclassical theory of perpendicular transport and giant magnetoresistance in disordered metallic multilayers","Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.E.W.","","1994","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:840e532d-c0c5-4d82-b082-c3cb63388ed4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:840e532d-c0c5-4d82-b082-c3cb63388ed4","Dielectric theory of the electronic stopping power of fast ions in crystals","Tielens, T.M.H.E.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Stoof, T.H.","","1994","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:2774182a-450c-4b16-b003-77b4eab4b6e3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2774182a-450c-4b16-b003-77b4eab4b6e3","Toegepaste theoretische natuurkunde?","Bauer, G.E.W.","","1993","","Intreerede","nl","public lecture","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:9dfac568-90bd-4e74-b90c-2bf90c878cac","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9dfac568-90bd-4e74-b90c-2bf90c878cac","Thermodynamic Calculations on the Chemical Vapor-Deposition of Silicon-Nitride and Silicon from Silane and Chlorinated Silanes","Kruis, F.E.; Scarlett, B.; Bauer, R.A.; Schoonman, J.","","1992","","si-h-cl dissociation-energy heats sicl4 thermochemistry systems equilibria si3n4","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:509194c5-983e-4aa7-9741-ec510d015ec5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:509194c5-983e-4aa7-9741-ec510d015ec5","Perpendicular transport through magnetic multilayers","Bauer, G.E.W.","","1992","","","en","journal article","American Physical Society","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:7791bed0-5eb0-4705-8a7a-1cb5ead4b047","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7791bed0-5eb0-4705-8a7a-1cb5ead4b047","Laser chemical vapor precipitation of ceramic powders","Bauer, R.A.","Schoonman, J. (promotor); Scarlett, B. (promotor)","1991","","","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Applied Sciences","","","","",""
"uuid:564dfecd-11d3-4b0b-992c-e8770a8277e8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:564dfecd-11d3-4b0b-992c-e8770a8277e8","Laser Synthesis of Low-Agglomerated Submicrometer Silicon-Nitride Powders from Chlorinated Silanes","Bauer, R.A.; Becht, J.G.M.; Kruis, F.E.; Scarlett, B.; Schoonman, J.","","1991","","sinterable ceramic powders driven reactions coagulation particles","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:085a8362-8eab-4f3d-918b-14269d7b5a2d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:085a8362-8eab-4f3d-918b-14269d7b5a2d","Determination of particle aggregation in ultrafine silicon nitride powders","Van der Put, P.J.; Bauer, R.A.; Van den Assem, A.; Kruis, F.E.; Scarlett, B.; Schoonman, J.","","1990","","silicon nitride laser chem vapor pptn field flow fractionation silicon nitride quasielastic light scattering silicon nitride cluster silicon nitride fractal dimension aggregation ultrafine silicon nitride powder","en","book chapter","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:a2b5595e-46e9-4bbe-9930-2d215bbe20a4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a2b5595e-46e9-4bbe-9930-2d215bbe20a4","Microstructure of laser-deposited silicon nitride powders","Bauer, R.A.; Van den Assem, A.; Van der Put, P.J.; Scarlett, B.; Schoonman, J.","","1990","","Ceramic materials SILICON NITRIDE Microstructure CERAMIC MATERIALS Laser Applications SILICON NITRIDE Vapor Deposition POWDERS Laser deposited silicon nitride powders chemical vapour deposition sedimentation field flow fractionation quasi elastic light sc","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:de450c65-7332-45b4-8118-aaeef84c3c5c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:de450c65-7332-45b4-8118-aaeef84c3c5c","Chemical vapor precipitation of silicon nitride powders with a tunable carbon dioxide laser","Bauer, R.A.; Van Weeren, R.; Van der Put, P.J.; Kruis, F.E.; Scarlett, B.; Schoonman, J.","","1990","","silicon nitride chem vapor deposition laser excitation dichlorosilane ammonia reaction","en","book chapter","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:411d06ba-c125-472d-abb9-ca26efb281e5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:411d06ba-c125-472d-abb9-ca26efb281e5","Laser Chemical Vapor Precipitation of Submicrometer Silicon and Silicon-Nitride Powders from Chlorinated Silanes","Bauer, R.A.; Smulders, R.; Becht, J.G.M.; Van der Put, P.J.; Schoonman, J.","","1989","","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:7267d048-adac-49c8-910d-0b8580fc2b77","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7267d048-adac-49c8-910d-0b8580fc2b77","Laser Cvp of Ultrafine Ceramic Powders of Si and Si3n4 - a Study of the Flow Pattern of the Laser Flame","Bauer, R.A.; Kruis, F.E.; Becht, J.G.M.; Scarlett, B.; Schoonman, J.","","1989","","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:e7aef844-eb87-408b-b372-efa169ebd01b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e7aef844-eb87-408b-b372-efa169ebd01b","Laser excited synthesis of sub-micron powders","Becht, J.G.M.; Bauer, B.A.; Van der Put, P.J.; Schoonman, J.; Scarlett, B.","","1989","","silicon nitride laser synthesis fine powder","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:2576c267-5265-4765-8194-d7d59ac399be","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2576c267-5265-4765-8194-d7d59ac399be","Laser vapor-phase synthesis of submicron silicon and silicon nitride powders from chlorinated silanes","Bauer, R.A.; Van der Put, P.J.; Becht, J.G.M.; Schoonman, J.","","1988","","silicon nitride laser vapor synthesis silane reaction ammonia","nl","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:6ff61b6f-22ee-4f92-96d9-7bc71502de1c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6ff61b6f-22ee-4f92-96d9-7bc71502de1c","Laser vapor phase synthesis of submicron silicon and silicon nitride powders from halogenated silanes","Bauer, R.A.; Smulders, R.; Geus, E.R.; Van der Put, P.J.; Becht, J.G.M.; Schoonman, J.","","1988","","laser synthesis silicon nitride powder chlorosilane reaction ammonia ceramic powder","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""