"uuid","repository link","title","author","contributor","publication year","abstract","subject topic","language","publication type","publisher","isbn","issn","patent","patent status","bibliographic note","access restriction","embargo date","faculty","department","research group","programme","project","coordinates"
"uuid:2d2b8171-ddbd-4f22-9f54-a845330b35e6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2d2b8171-ddbd-4f22-9f54-a845330b35e6","Opportunity Charging of Electric Buses Directly from a DC Metro Catenary and Without Storage","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","A typical approach to harvesting the excess braking energy of a railway car has been to use a storage system. However, research momentum has been growing in the direction of integrating smart loads like EV chargers into traction networks, and this can offer a more efficient and economical solution to the harvesting of braking energy. This paper examines the case study of a segment of the Amsterdam metro grid with two 350kW integrated DC opportunity chargers for charging electric buses from the traction grid. Of the charging episodes investigated, none of them broke the minimum line voltage requirements of the grid. They managed to greatly offset any additional line losses that they had caused by a successful recuperation of up to 1212kWh per day, depending on the charging duration. In all four schemes, about 22.8% of the picked-up charging energy of the buses per day came from harvesting otherwise-wasted metro braking energy.","Electric Buses; Opportunity Charging; Smart Grids; Storage; Transport","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-11-11","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:75ccf160-59c0-431d-9b18-1cce8eecac91","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75ccf160-59c0-431d-9b18-1cce8eecac91","Submodeling Method-Based Thermal Investigation of the Battery Energy Storage System Integrated in a 450 kW EV Charger","Guan, H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The electric vehicle (EV) market is expanding rapidly. However, the main barriers to EV adoption are high vehicle costs, range issues, and charging infrastructure. Meanwhile, energy storage systems (ESS) appear as a promising solution to preventing grid overload during charging and reducing infrastructure costs. In this paper, the integration of the battery energy storage system (BESS) in a 450 kW EV charger is designed and investigated via modeling and simulation mainly from the perspective of thermal management. To explore the heat dissipation and the temperature distribution across the pack, the thermal model based on the sub-modeling technique is developed via COMSOL, and a preliminary layout and cooling strategy are determined.","fast charging; battery energy storage system; system integration; thermal management","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3ade322c-d4ae-4873-836b-c53f6713cdcc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3ade322c-d4ae-4873-836b-c53f6713cdcc","Comparison of Military Handbook and the FIDES Methodology for Failure Rate Estimation of Modular Multilevel Converters","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Power electronics converters are crucial for power generation, transmission, and distribution. The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is highly valued for its ability to handle high power levels, versatility in reconfiguration, high efficiency through small-capacity submodules (SMs), and robust control capabilities. A failure of a power electronics converter could result in disruptions in the flow of electrical power, which could have severe consequences for people and equipment relying on it. Thus, the reliability of power electronics converters is critical to maintaining the reliability of the electrical power system. Two well-known methodologies, the military handbook (MIL) and the more recent FIDES, can be used to evaluate the MMC's reliability. Both methods consider various factors to estimate the component's failure rate, resulting in different reliability parameters. In this paper, the reliability of the MMC is estimated using both methods, and the results are compared for standby and active redundancy strategies. Lastly, a generalized cost form that considers operational cost, capital cost, redundancy strategies, reliability methods (MIL and FIDES), and the MMC's annual average loading is presented.","cost; failure rate; FIDES; MIL handbook; MMC; redundancy; reliability","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e4fe1a0e-c5b0-4f77-af0f-4ea349f8e0f2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e4fe1a0e-c5b0-4f77-af0f-4ea349f8e0f2","Resonant Magnetoelastic Coupling between Magnetic Vortex and Lattice Breathing Modes","Bondarenko, A.V. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); Kounalakis, M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule); Kusminskiy, Silvia Viola (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light); Bauer, G.E. (TU Delft QN/Bauer Group; Tohoku University; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Blanter, Y.M. (TU Delft QN/Blanter Group; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)","","2023","Optical photons are ideal carriers for long-distance transmission, while state-of-the-art quantum processors, such as supercon-ducting qubits, operate at microwave frequencies. An important requirement for networked quantum computation is therefore the ability to coherently convert the quantum information from microwave to optical frequencies and vice-versa. We theoretically address a scheme to achieve this via an intermediate conversion to magnons that enhances the weak direct magneto-optical coupling. We wish to demonstrate the feasibility of such a scheme by employing the magnetoelastic coupling between the modes of a magnetic vortex (vortex breathing mode, VBM) and that of the lattice (elastic breathing mode, EBM), which requires no additional external bias field. In our setup all but the opto-mechanical coupling can be made resonant. We propose an alternative Mumax3 simulation post-processing procedure for semi-classical normalization, where we use regression analysis of the the internal energy dependency on excitation amplitude in a limit cycle motion. We provide estimates for direct resonant coupling between the VBM and the EBM.","breathing mode; magnetic vortex; magnetostriction; nanomagnetism","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","QN/Blanter Group","","",""
"uuid:e0f58ac0-f759-4cfe-9ce0-552b010ef3d7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e0f58ac0-f759-4cfe-9ce0-552b010ef3d7","Load Profile Based Reliability Assessment of IGBT Module in Full-bridge DC/DC Converter for Fast Charging of EVs","Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","EV Fast chargers are crucial to alleviate the driving range anxiety for E-mobility applications. A typical converter load profile consists of a short high-current pulse to rapidly refill the EV battery followed by a cooling-off period once the charging is completed. Power electronic components experience thermal cycles as a result, which can hasten the degradation of such components. In this context, the reliability evaluation of the power electronic converters enabling fast EV charging is of importance. This paper presents the reliability assessment of the IGBT module in EV Fast chargers to show how the load profile of the charger impacts the device’s lifetime.","Reliability; Thermal stress; Lifetime; IGBT","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1f630666-135c-4f51-a5e5-ea515e05eb99","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1f630666-135c-4f51-a5e5-ea515e05eb99","Impact of Shared Electric Vehicles Availability to Provide Peak Reduction through Vehicle-to-Grid. A Case Study","Menendez Agudin, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Jaikumar, Kalpesh (Student TU Delft); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Slaifstein, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Pool, Jeroen (HET Cooperatie); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper presents a Mix Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization approach to reduce peak demand and maximize revenue in a grid-connected building with a PV-equipped charging station for Shared EVs. The study investigates the impact of EV availability on the effectiveness of the system by comparing the results for different connection times of a fleet of Shared EVs, a private EV used for commuting, and a stationary battery. Results from the case study conducted in The Netherlands demonstrate that not only the duration but also the timing of EV connection significantly influence system effectiveness, emphasizing the need for accurate availability estimation. The trade-off between peak reduction and Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) reduction is also highlighted, underscoring the importance of considering both factors for optimizing charging station usage. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing energy management, reducing peak loads, and increasing the utilization of renewable energy sources in the context of Shared EVs and V2G technology.","Electric Vehicle; Vehicle to Grid; Peak Reduction","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:99904b2c-d551-4682-ae9a-a1c845c3a196","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:99904b2c-d551-4682-ae9a-a1c845c3a196","Critical Short Circuit Ratio of an EV Charging System","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The critical short circuit ratio (CSCR), as an important metric for grid stability evaluation, is not clearly defined in the literature. Aimed at clarifying the misunderstandings, the paper compares the different CSCR definitions. Moreover, CSCR reduction-oriented design is studied for electric vehicle chargers. Simulations verify the analysis.","EV charging; Stability Analysis; Weak Grids; controller design","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fb291f4d-75a2-4f07-8646-f23242ec1892","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fb291f4d-75a2-4f07-8646-f23242ec1892","An Improved Peak Voltage Calculation Method for Compensation Components in S-S and LCC-S Compensated Wireless Power Transfer Systems","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ye, P. (Student TU Delft); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The pursuit of battery charging technology for electric vehicle (EV) has led to extensive research on the inductive-based wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. In this paper, the compensation component (including coils) stresses will be studied in two commonly adopted compensation topologies, namely S-S and LCC-S compensations. Due to the peak voltage calculation inaccuracy for certain components based on conventional fundamental frequency analysis, an improved peak voltage calculation method is introduced in closed form, which is proved to be more accurate by both simulation and experiments.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5261132e-1fba-423e-9df7-12814c88730a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5261132e-1fba-423e-9df7-12814c88730a","Comparative Analysis of Series Connected MOSFETs with Single Switch for ZVS Turn On Converter Topology","Sinha, P. (Student TU Delft); Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Series-connected MOSFETs with lower voltage ratings can be an alternative for single high-voltage switches. This paper compares two switch configurations for the soft-switched power converter topology targeted for a 1400V DC grid. The first configuration is a single switch rated at 1700V whereas the other is a series connected two MOSFETs rated at 900V. A buck converter with 1400V and 700V as input and output voltages respectively is taken as a case study. Triangular current modulation (TCM) ensures zero voltage switching (ZVS) at turn-on for all the switches. The analysis shows that the series-switch configuration can have much lower overall losses than the single-switch configuration.","","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:807fc6b5-2562-4a92-92f7-ece3887e5bd2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:807fc6b5-2562-4a92-92f7-ece3887e5bd2","Virtual Impedance Control for Load Sharing and Bus Voltage Quality Improvement","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper proposes a virtual impedance reshaping strategy to share active and harmonic power while promoting the PCC voltage quality. Moreover, the suggested method is resilient to cyber-attacks and immune to communication interruption and delay. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the communication burden. Experiments verify the effectiveness.","AC-DC microgrid; Cyber attack; Cyber physical system; Decentralized control structure; Voltage Source Converters (VSCs)","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3b9b1648-3168-48ec-8f69-363c91c08039","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3b9b1648-3168-48ec-8f69-363c91c08039","Aging-Aware Battery Operation for Multicarrier Energy Systems","Slaifstein, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Menendez Agudin, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","In the context of building electrification the operation of distributed energy resources integrating multiple energy carriers poses a significant challenge. Such an operation calls for an energy management system that decides the set-points of the primary control layer in the best way possible. This is done by fulfilling user requirements, minimizing costs, and balancing local generation with energy storage. This last component is what enables building flexibility. This paper presents a novel aging-aware strategy for operating grid-connected buildings that combine multiple energy carriers (heat and electricity), storage devices (electric vehicles, batteries, and thermal storage), and power sources (solar photovoltaics, solar collectors). The novel energy management algorithm presented considers the aging of the batteries to enhance the operational differences between storage technologies, thus making explicit the trade-off between the services provided by the hybrid energy storage system and its degradation. This unlocks grid cost reductions between 20–45 % depending on the season when compared to state-of-the-art solutions.","Energy management systems; Battery degradation; Hybrid energy storage; Multicarrier energy systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ef2222d0-38ac-41f7-9c5e-7063ec65e07b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ef2222d0-38ac-41f7-9c5e-7063ec65e07b","Power and Thermal Cycling Testbed for End of Life Assessment of Semiconductor Devices","Molenaar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The reliability of semiconductor power devices can be studied by performing a thermal and power cycling test. In order to create the desired temperature cycles, there are four free variables to select during the power cycling test, namely the heating current, heating time, cooling time, and heatsink temperature. In this paper, the relation between the selected variables and the minimum and maximum junction temperature is extensively tested for the silicon IGBT with serial number IKP06N60T. Furthermore, the thermal model is discussed and verified and a rough estimate of the electrical resistance, thermal time constant, thermal resistance, and thermal capacitance are calculated.","Power cycling test; Reliability; Thermal model; Silicon IGBT; Silicon-Carbide MOSFET; Thermal device characteristics; Lifetime testbed","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e2cf8937-a16f-465e-8cdf-4387cb2989ad","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e2cf8937-a16f-465e-8cdf-4387cb2989ad","Three-Phase Medium-Voltage Medium-Frequency Transformer for SST in Green Hydrogen Production","Mirzadarani, R. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Li, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft High Voltage Technology Group); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Van Lieshout, Lou (VONK)","","2023","Green hydrogen production uses renewable energies to energise the electrolysers for hydrogen production. The present paper compares possible solutions and configurations of a medium-frequency transformer (MFT) as part of a solid-state transformer (SST) in green hydrogen production applications. The single-phase and three-phase MFTs are compared and it is shown that a Yd three-phase MFT is the optimum choice for applications that require high power delivery and step-down of the voltage. A summary of previous works about MFT is also provided. Three-phase SST based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) is then described and various cases are investigated to obtain the optimum operational frequency. A 25 MVA, 400 Hz, 25.4 kV / 560V oil-immersed MFT design is presented and is shown that the proposed 400 Hz transformer saves 69% of the active parts' weight compared to a conventional line-frequency transformer (LFT).","electrolyzer; solid-state transformer; mediumfrequency transformer","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","High Voltage Technology Group","","",""
"uuid:8f2fe649-1915-4a15-8461-4fd9abc40de2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8f2fe649-1915-4a15-8461-4fd9abc40de2","Implementation of Real-Time Digital Twin of Dual Active Bridge Converter in Electrolyzer Applications","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Lock, Niels (Student TU Delft); Vahedi, H (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Power electronics converters (PEC) play a crucial role in interfacing renewable energy systems and electrolyzers to ensure a high production yield of green hydrogen. The design of such PEC is not straightforward due to the safety hazards of using multiple electrolyzer stacks and converter modules at industrial levels. Therefore, real-time simulations should be conducted to ensure the converter design satisfies all the requirements before deploying it on-site. This paper presents a real-time digital twin (RTDT) of a 10 kW dual-active bridge converter interfaced with an electrolyzer. OPAL-RT simulator (eHS toolbox) is used for RTDT. Finally, the voltage across the series inductance and current flowing through it are presented for the open-loop operation of DAB.","Dual Active Bridge; Electrolyzer; Real-Time Digital Twin","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2a80c5ef-199c-47d4-8b5a-0f6f87aeafe8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2a80c5ef-199c-47d4-8b5a-0f6f87aeafe8","End-of-Life Comparison of Full-Bridge and Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter Switches Used for EV Charging","Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","EV fast chargers are essential in addressing the concern of limited driving range for E-mobility applications. However, the load profile of a converter for fast charging involves a high-current pulse that can last for a few minutes to efficiently replenish the EV battery, which is followed by a cooldown period after the charging process is finished. This results in thermal cycles that can lead to thermo-mechanical fatigue and degradation of power electronic components, thereby impacting device lifetime. This paper presents a comparative study on the reliability of power devices in isolated half-bridge and full-bridge DC-DC converters in EV fast chargers. The study focuses on the differences in thermal stresses that Si switches experience in each converter during charging cycles and how it impacts the end-of-life of each device. This study provides valuable insights for selecting reliable power converters for EV fast charging applications.","EV fast chargers; Thermo-mechanical fatigue; IGBTs’ lifetime","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:409dc633-fc73-4bc4-9535-0e5e8143a2c7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:409dc633-fc73-4bc4-9535-0e5e8143a2c7","A Dynamic Frequency Sweeping Based Parameter Estimation Method for Wireless Power Transfer","Zhu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","It is ideal for the wireless power transfer (WPT) systems to operate at the resonance state for better transmission performance. In practice, however, the parameters of the resonant circuits often deviate because of the capacitance drift and coil misalignment. To this end, this paper proposes a new parameter estimation method for the WPT systems, which is able to facilitate the power flow control and active impedance tuning of the WPT systems under parameter deviations. Distinct from the traditional parameter identification methods, the proposed method is implemented with an short-circuited rectifier, and therefore, the whole estimation process is independent of the load variations. Furthermore, to avoid severe system detuning during the frequency-sweeping process, a dynamic frequency sweeping method is proposed to efficiently and safely extract the data of the primary and secondary coil currents. Based on the extracted data, a mathematical model is established, and the JAYA algorithm is utilized to identify the unknown parameters. Experimental results are presented to verify the estimation accuracy of the proposed method.","wireless power transfer; parameter estimation; the JAYA algorithm","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:af010cb8-9edf-4c7b-a7de-0b4fea7db9e5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:af010cb8-9edf-4c7b-a7de-0b4fea7db9e5","Impact of Electrolyzer on the Operation of a Dual Active Bridge Converter","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vahedi, H (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Electrolysis requires a high DC current at low voltage to produce hydrogen from water. Designing power converters for such a load requirement could be challenging while fulfilling the galvanic isolation needs. Therefore, prior knowledge of the electrolyzer's impact on the converter operation should be needed. In this context, this paper investigates the behavior of the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter when utilized for electrolysis. A MATLAB simulation of DAB with a 10 kW alkaline electrolyzer is developed. Several converter parameters, such as the phase shift angle, series inductance, peak and RMS currents, and voltage gain, are analyzed during electrolysis. Distinct operating behavior is observed from the analysis.","Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter; Electrolyzer; Hydrogen","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-05-16","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c5f30ded-5316-40e7-b754-36b8698c2753","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c5f30ded-5316-40e7-b754-36b8698c2753","DC Link Capacity Enhancement for MMC-based Distribution Link using Dynamic Voltage Operation","van der Sande, Robin (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","When operating a modular multilevel converter (MMC), a margin appears between the arm voltage and sum capacitor voltage corresponding to the power dependent ripple. This margin can be used to enhance the DC link voltage and increase the transfer capacity of an MMC-based distribution link while keeping the submodule (SM) stresses fixed. Consequently, this dynamic enhancement in transfer capacity can be achieved with the same submodule switch and capacitor voltage ratings. Using an arm-level averaged simulation model of a 10MW MMC-based MVDC link, the enhancement concept is verified and shown to be beneficial to a practical link application. Besides, a dependency is discovered between the enhancement limit and the grid-injected reactive power, which defines the basis of the proposed control for dynamic enhanced operation.","Power electronic converter; Distribution link; Modular multilevel converter; Power systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:31475d56-290b-49d3-96d9-cb1d5595dc02","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:31475d56-290b-49d3-96d9-cb1d5595dc02","Quantitative Comparison of the Empirical Lifetime Models for Power Electronic Devices in EV Fast Charging Application","Kardan Halvaei, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The load profile of the power converter in EV Fast charging applications involves a short high-current pulse for rapid charging of the EV battery leading to thermal cycles on the power electronic devices. These thermal cycles can cause thermo-mechanical fatigues, which consume the power devices’ lifetime. Also, different timescales and magnitude of temperature swings lead to various failure modes. This paper compares different empirical lifetime models quantitatively in order to suggest the most appropriate model to predict the end of life of power electronic devices used in EV fast chargers. It is suggested that the selected model takes into account the most relevant failure mechanism based on the different timescales and magnitude of thermal cycles to indicate the lifetime of power electronic device used in a fast charger depending on the number of charging sessions.","EV Fast charging applications; s, thermomechanical fatigues; empirical lifetime model","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5e562776-65df-4284-bdee-818d5e1a881a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5e562776-65df-4284-bdee-818d5e1a881a","Design Guideline for PWM Converter Implementing Periodic VSFPWM: A Comprehensive Analysis on the Harmonics Spectrum","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","With the great emphasis from the international standard-setting community on the so-called supra-harmonics emissions (2-150 kHz), there are increasing research efforts in this noise level identification, measurement, standard setting and mitigation. The periodic variable switching frequency PWM method, which is known as VSFPWM, can reshape the generated output harmonics spectrum of the grid-connected PWM converter, leading to a significantly lower harmonics peaks, thus keeping the harmonics emission strictly below the harmonics emission standards e.g., IEEE519 & IEC-61000 series. This work conducted an insightful analysis on the harmonics spectra generated by the periodic VSFPWM based on newly derived analytical models. Besides, the sinusoidal VSFPWM which is often used in AC/DC PWM converter, is taken as an example of periodic VSFPWM profile to achieve the minimum efforts of AC filtering. Finally, experimental tests are conducted to verify the analysis and the design guideline provided in this paper.","Periodic variable switching frequency PWM; supra-harmonics; AC/DC converter; harmonic spectrum","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9615b9aa-9cf6-4e35-ad42-125756036456","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9615b9aa-9cf6-4e35-ad42-125756036456","Stability Analysis of Triple Active Bridge Converter with Hybrid Loads and Different Control Strategies","Yu, Haoyuan (Aalborg University); Zhang, Hanwen (Aalborg University); Wang, Yanbo (Aalborg University); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Zhe (Aalborg University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This article investigates the stability of triple active bridge (TAB) converter with different types of loads. In this paper, port2 of TAB converter adopts voltage control to supply a constant power load (CPL), and port3 uses voltage control to supply a resistor or uses current control to supply a battery. Then, an extra element theorem-based (EET) modelling method based on the small signal model of the TAB converter is developed to derive the output impedance of different cases. The AC sweeping is implemented to validate the effectiveness of derivation. Furthermore, the impedance-based analysis method is applied to analyze the system stability. The analysis result shows that the instability issue caused by CPL at port2 can be suppressed by reducing the resistance load value at port3 or output current of port3. Simulation and experimental results are given to validate the stability analysis.","triple active bridge converter; extra element theorem; impedance-based analysis method; constant power load","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7ca27a5a-f3fa-4bff-8981-9b2dfb6ce569","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7ca27a5a-f3fa-4bff-8981-9b2dfb6ce569","A Variable-Frequency ZVS Modulation for Four-Switch Buck+Boost Converters with Seamless Step-up/down Mode Transition","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (University of Twente); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","This paper introduces variable-frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) modulation strategy for the four-switch buck+boost converter with one operating pattern for the inductor current, i.e., three-segment inductor current modulation control. The proposed modulation scheme guarantees a smooth transition from step-up to step-down or from step-down to step-up operating modes without abrupt duty cycle or switching frequency change. Triangular current mode (TCM) ZVS control could be derived from this three-segment inductor current modulation strategy. Moreover, the controller design can be simplified compared with other multi-mode control methods. Experimental results were given to validate the modulation control strategy based on a 300−600 V input, 400 V output, 3.3 kW prototype.","zero voltage switching (ZVS); variable frequency; seamless transition; modulation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4d548f5c-f5c8-4d91-a0cf-b37e9d50f290","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d548f5c-f5c8-4d91-a0cf-b37e9d50f290","The Effect of Non-Coordinated Heating Electrification Alternatives on a Low-Voltage Distribution Network with High PV Penetration","Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","The energy transition requires electrical alternatives for domestic heating. Heat pumps are the most common alternatives to gas boilers. However, heat pumps consume a significant amount of electrical power. We simulated an 18-node low voltage network with five buildings with six apartments each to evaluate the effect of deploying heat pumps as part of multi-carrier energy systems at the residential level. We also combined heat pumps with solar collectors and thermal energy storage to quantity whether a more complex system benefits the low-voltage network. Replacing the gas boilers for heat pumps in the majority of the buildings resulted in voltage drops below the limit of the standard EN50160. The voltage drops were significantly improved when we included solar collectors and thermal energy storage in the domestic heating system.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-26","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d75d7963-8265-4b1a-bceb-d28dcb5861d9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d75d7963-8265-4b1a-bceb-d28dcb5861d9","Insight into the Characterization of Sea-Salt Batteries","Kouwerberg, Sang Jae (DCE&S); Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Batteries are one of the main tools to provide the flexibility distribution and transmission systems need due to their increasing dependence on weather conditions. However, environmental and economic factors pose a significant problem. New types of batteries that do not rely on rare earth metals and organic solvents but instead use water and more common ions could be a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to provide energy storage in the future. We studied the performance of sea-salt cells designed as a low-cost, environmentally friendly method to store electricity. We used a constant current charge/discharge test with different currents, from 50 mA to 300 mA, to identify the maximum efficiencies of the cell. Then, we introduced a new strategy to determine the cut-off voltage to discharge the battery, inspired by the maximum power point found in photovoltaics. We used a constant voltage charge to determine the cell’s energy density. However, evidence of side reactions urged us to use constant current charge/discharge tests to identify the battery’s capacity based on the efficiencies drop. Results showed a maximum energy efficiency of 74.6% at 200 mA and a maximum Coulombic efficiency of 88.7% at 300 mA. The cut-off voltage of the cell during discharge should be between 1.4 V and 1.6 V. The energy densities range from 10.1 Wh/kg(6.53 WhL) with an efficiency of 57.5% and 4.18 Wh/kg(2.7 WhL) with an efficiency of 69.8%.","Energy storage; Sea-salt battery; Zn battery","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-26","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:c2e7fd95-6dd7-40b4-bec8-be81da613638","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c2e7fd95-6dd7-40b4-bec8-be81da613638","Development of Reliable Power Electronic Systems using Real Time Digital Twin Based Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Rituraj, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Sande, Robin (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Nougain, V. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids); Lekić, A. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2023","Reliable Power Electronic Systems (PES) are vital for enabling energy transition technologies of the future. Power hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) test bed can be used to validate such systems cost-effectively and time-efficiently. In general, the Real Time Digital Twin (RTDT) is a virtual representation of the PES and its operating environment that mimics its behavior in real-time to provide adequate flexibility to the test bed. The workflow of alternating between the prototype and twin, for instance, overcomes the dilemma of needing 100 % details (due to fast dynamics), but optimization during design choices requires cheap flexibility. In this paper, some use cases in applications of RTDT-based PHIL test bed such as fault tolerant converters, power electronic interface for green technologies, survivable all-electric ships, mission profile-based reliability testing, protection of multi terminal dc systems and reconfigurable hybrid ac-dc links is discussed. Furthermore, the co-simulation potential of real-time platforms is briefly described.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-02-09","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bcccab96-e361-42d0-be63-790d5d02838e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bcccab96-e361-42d0-be63-790d5d02838e","Frequency Regulation Reserves Provision in EV Smart-Charging","Damianakis, Nikolaos (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","Smart-Charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is able to provide frequency regulation capacity services to the System Operator (SO) upon an automation generation control (AGC) signal. While the amount of available regulation capacity is of-fered in the Day-Ahead Market (DAM), there is high uncertainty on the actual amount of reserves that will be called in the Real-Time Market (RTM). This work focuses on aiding EV smart-charging to offer a consistent and reasonable amount of regulation capacity, taking into account the impact of potential future instantaneous called regulation reserves while also maintaining simplicity. The work also analyzes the results of different charger types with different characteristics and shows that they play an important role on the regulation provision. Finally, it has been shown that even though the regulation income is inevitably reduced (up to 66%), the Energy Management System (EMS) can still successfully charge the EV s and simultaneously provide regulation reserves with remuneration.","regulation reserves; smart charging; electric vehicles; rolling horizon; ancillary services","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-25","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:54293ba6-dda8-41e9-ae99-d88910bac2ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54293ba6-dda8-41e9-ae99-d88910bac2ae","Increasing the Braking Energy Recuperation in Electric Transportation Grids Without Storage","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","When the braking energy in electric transportation grids is not met by another vehicle's demand, it is either harvested by storage systems or wasted in braking resistors. This paper looks at three methods for increasing the amount of harvested braking energy without the use of expensive storage systems: decreasing the substation voltage, decreasing the catenary/rail resistance, and adding smart grid loads such as EV chargers. Compared to the baseline scenario of a presented case study, the first method allowed the recuperation of all the braking energy yet increased the line transmission losses. The second method presented a better performance in both types of losses (23 %), while the third method offered a 66 % reduction in losses in addition to offering more utilities from the same infrastructure. The final paper will go into further detail with a full-day simulation.","Metro; Regenerative Braking; Storage; Transportation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-25","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e5431373-7f01-4029-a467-d27e69ace94f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e5431373-7f01-4029-a467-d27e69ace94f","Risk-averse Estimation of Electric Heat Pump Power Consumption","Damianakis, Nikolaos (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2023","An important aspect of the energy transition is the expected grid impact due to the abrupt increase of distributed electric generation and electric load demand. A part of this impact is going to be inflicted by the electrification of heating with heat pumps (HPs). Therefore, it is essential that the future power consumption of electric heating is estimated. This work develops a power estimation model without the use of heating demand data, needing only weather data and building heat pump specifications. Moreover, it is characterized as a risk-averse estimation since it uses no optimal control and utilizes the heat pump output capacity curves giving simultaneous priority to the customers' thermal comfort. Finally, it also estimates the power savings of electric heating due to future buildings' new insulation and energy label norms, revealing their importance.","air-sourced heat pumps; COP; floor-heating; insulation; power consumption","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-03-04","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bc5e7392-f924-4740-aa86-3c10dfd50c7e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bc5e7392-f924-4740-aa86-3c10dfd50c7e","C++ Based Systems Engineering Framework as a Key Approach Towards Efficient, Reliable, and Autonomous Flying Wind Turbine Products","Bauer, Florian (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Drexler, Christoph (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Frirdich, André (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Isensee, Maximilian (KiteKRAFT GmbH); Campagnolo, Filippo (Technical University of Munich); Kennel, Ralph (Technical University of Munich)","","2022","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:7a73ffd9-8010-4445-9559-f7a67b60a2cf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7a73ffd9-8010-4445-9559-f7a67b60a2cf","Kitekraft: Building Flying Wind Turbines","Bauer, Florian (kiteKRAFT GmbH); Isensee, Maximilian (kiteKRAFT GmbH); Frirdich, André (kiteKRAFT GmbH); Drexler, Christoph (kiteKRAFT GmbH)","","2022","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:504d90d4-cc16-40b7-8507-ab8a1b44f3f6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:504d90d4-cc16-40b7-8507-ab8a1b44f3f6","A Multi-Objective Design Approach for PV-Battery Assisted Fast Charging Stations Based on Real Data","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper presents a multi-objective approach to designing an optimal PV-BES assisted EV fast charging station. The trade-offs between lifetime net present value (NPV), energy independence, and grid power reduction are analyzed using particle swarm optimization and real 50kW fast charging data. Our results show a maximum lifetime profit of close to 4M euro. Furthermore, for only a 8% decrease in profit the we can achieve up to 62% of the maximum energy independence and 46% peak power demand reduction. This show that EV fast charging stations can become more significantly more sustainable and have a less fluctuating demand, for very little reduction in profits.","component; formatting; style; styling; insert","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-01-07","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f6c0a18b-1fd3-4a05-906e-aa68c18a757b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f6c0a18b-1fd3-4a05-906e-aa68c18a757b","Battery Storage Integration in EV Fast Charging Station for Increasing its Revenues and Reducing the Grid Impact","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2022","This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are benchmarked in investment, operating costs, and grid connection requirements. The addition of a battery storage system is also evaluated to reduce the operating cost and, therefore, boost the system’s economic parameters, such as the net present value, and increase the grid independence.The analysis shows that the addition of the battery system can be effective in both performance metrics, the reduction of the grid connection, which can be reduced up to 80% by the addition of a large size battery, and the increase of the net present value, which can be even doubled with respect to the case when the battery storage system is not installed.","Battery energy storage system; electric vehicle station design; multi objective optimization; net present value","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-01-07","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b039f5c8-9397-4357-adcc-1fd2b7862401","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b039f5c8-9397-4357-adcc-1fd2b7862401","Increasing the Integration Potential of EV Chargers in DC Trolleygrids: A Bilateral Substation-Voltage Tuning Approach","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Light rail networks such as trolleybus grids have the potential to become multi-functional smart grids by using the excess capacity of the grid to implement PV systems, EV chargers, and storage. This paper offers a solution to increasing the potential for integration of EV chargers in the trolleygrid, without additional infrastructure costs, by simply tuning the nominal (no-load) voltages of bilaterally connected substations. This method shifts the load share between the two substations, creating more room for the integration of other utilities in a desired zone of the bus route. A mathematical derivation is presented, followed by a verifying case study using detailed and verified bus and trolleygrid simulation models for the city of Arnhem, the Netherlands. It is shown that by setting a substation nominal voltage from +10V compared to its bilateral substation to -10V, the substation can take, on average, as much as 7.5 percentage points less of the load share (from 45.9% to 38.4%) and see as much as 5 percentage points more of complete zero-load time (84.3% to 89.2%).","","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-06","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a5742973-0be3-4aa0-b9b0-29a40a73cca7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5742973-0be3-4aa0-b9b0-29a40a73cca7","Design Trade-Offs Between the Coupled Coils’ Inductance and the Series-Series Compensation Capacitance for EV Wireless Charging Systems","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Nowadays, inductive power transfer (IPT) with magnetic resonance is the most used method for high-power wireless battery charging applications. Once the topology of the compensation network and the operating frequency are selected, there are infinite combinations of the circuit equivalent inductance and compensation capacitance values resonating at that frequency. Choosing an appropriate ratio between these passive devices is essential to meet the target output power while ensuring that the required DC input and output voltages are found within the permitted range limited by the power source and the battery load. This paper proposes design trade-offs for selecting the optimum ratio between the inductance and capacitance in IPT systems with series-series compensation applicable to any power level. First, the target mutual inductance must be computed. Based on that, the coupled coils are designed depending on the physical constraints. An example is provided considering a 3.7 kW wireless charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) where different coils’ combinations are analyzed through the finite element method. The most suitable design is implemented, achieving or the application a relatively high measured peak DC-to-DC efficiency of about 96.24% at 3.28kW while the coils are aligned with 11cm distance. The required power is delivered at different battery voltages and coils’ alignments by regulating the DC input voltage.","Electric vehicles; inductive power transfer; series-series compensation network; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b990d1db-c8ee-45b4-af4c-7ce35cec5978","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b990d1db-c8ee-45b4-af4c-7ce35cec5978","Coils’ Current Distortion Due to Variable Series Compensation Capacitance in EV Wireless Charging for a Constant Optimum Load","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","When considering EV wireless charging that uses inductive power transfer with magnetic resonance, the coils’ current distortion must be minimized to guarantee compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility limits on the radiated magnetic field set by the relevant industrial standards. This paper analyzes the current distortion caused by switch-controlled capacitors (SCCs) used as series compensation to achieve constant optimum load (COL) matching at different coils’ alignments. First, the proposed COL charging method is explained where the SCCs have either the half-wave or the full-wave modulation. Their impact on the measured coils’ current distortion has been analyzed up to 30MHz by computing the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Additionally, the currents’ FFT from the half-wave modulation has been compared to those resulting from the conventional series-series compensation with fixed capacitance. The SCCs using the half-wave modulation result in the highest total-lumped distortion. However, the individual amplitudes corresponding to the critical frequencies of the radiated magnetic field’s limit from SAE J2954 are comparable or lower than those resulting from the other implementations. Finally, the radiated magnetic field resulting from each strategy has been evaluated using the finite element method. All results are well within the SAE J2954 recommended limits at 10 m. Moreover, a minimum distance of 25 cm from the outer sides of the coupled coils ensures a safe exposure to both the general public and implanted medical devices according to the ICNIRP reference levels.","Current distortion; electric vehicles; fast Fourier transform; switch-control capacitance; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-17","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:0fb9de75-2308-4732-b12e-daf816f044ea","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fb9de75-2308-4732-b12e-daf816f044ea","Optimal Sizing of a Community Level Thermal Energy Storage System","Geraedts, M. (Student TU Delft); Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Fifth-generation energy networks are combined networks of heat and electricity, that have the ability to generate, distribute, store and share energy between consumers. Knowledge on the dynamic behaviour of the physical phenomena related to energy generation, distribution and storage provides insight into the performance of the system as a whole. A mixed-integer linear algorithm is proposed, implementing a partitioned clustering program for subsequent classification of typical demand, grouping specific days with similar demand profiles together. From this arrangement, the optimal network configuration can be determined using an objective function, minimizing the economic and environmental impact. To validate the optimization results, a simulation of the network was built, which mimics its physical dynamic behaviour, and through which the distribution and storage capabilities of the network can be assessed. Advanced advice on fifth-generation energy networks is presented that can be applied to early-stage network design, reducing costs and emissions, along with data on the implementation of renewable energy technologies and their performance. Additionally, this research provides the foundation for numerical modelling of such energy networks which contributes to future research.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dc20f897-9a4d-45c2-843e-256ec17849d0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc20f897-9a4d-45c2-843e-256ec17849d0","Design of Multi-Mode Linear Electric Machine for Charging and Propulsion of Vacuum Tube Train","Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Becetti, Belkassem (Philips); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper investigates a high speed vacuum tube train system relying on wheels for suspension and a multi-mode linear electric machine for charging and propulsion: the machine will be configured as a doubly fed induction machine for charging at stationary, and as a permanent magnet synchronous machine for acceleration and deceleration. The system configuration is first presented, then a linear doubly fed induction machine which can be used for charging at stations is designed and optimized based on genetic algorithm. The design is also validated by finite element modelling. Afterwards, a 1275 km long journey between Damman and Jeddah through Riyadh in Saudi Arabia is selected to demonstrate the application of the presented system.","Linear doubly fed induction machine; high speed railway system; vacuum tube train","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-13","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8e8af21f-6ea9-40a4-b621-ca1a71f82a8f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8e8af21f-6ea9-40a4-b621-ca1a71f82a8f","Comparison of Pulse Current Capability of Different Switches for Modular Multilevel Converter-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator used for Dielectric Testing of High Voltage Grid Assets","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soundararajan, Ajeeth Phrassanna (Student TU Delft); Soeiro, Thiago B. (European Space Agency (ESA)); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; KEMA Laboratories); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This article compares the pulse current capability of various Semiconductor (SM) device technologies for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based High Voltage (HV) Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) for dielectric testing of grid assets to find the most suitable SM device technology which can perform well in generating lightning impulse that demands a high peak current for a relatively short time. For the typical HV loads of the AWG, Lightning Impulse (LI) test may require a pulse current to rise to 1.7 kA in 0.2 µs. It is essential to highlight that most other dielectric tests performed with an HV AWG demand a relatively low current such as less than 10 A. Therefore, TO-packaged semiconductors would be well-suited for a large number of tests other than short impulses. To optimize the size and cost of the HV AWG, this paper evaluates the pulse current capabilities of TO-packaged semiconductors for the above-mentioned current requirement to generate LI waveform. The first comparison is made among Non-Punch Through (NPT) Si IGBT, Field Stop (FS) Si IGBT, Si MOSFET, and SiC MOSFETs with roughly the same current rating of 40 A. It is found that the Si MOSFET gives the fastest rise time of 0.42 µs and the NPT IGBT gives the highest current amplification factor of almost 12 times greater than its own rated current. However, 3rd Generation SiC MOSFET combines Si MOSFET and NPT IGBT capabilities to generate a fast rise time and high peak pulse current. Additionally, the FS IGBT is compared with the SiC MOSFET. The SiC MOSFET performs better in peak current capability and the obtained rise time. All in all, the research results and the stringent HV AWG requirements for LI show that the application requires a relatively complex switch implementation with far superior current capability than in normal operation. Therefore, a parallel connection of several TO-packaged devices is necessary to generate LI from MMC-based HV AWG.","Pulse Current Capability; Si and SiC Device Technologies; Modular Multilevel Converter; Dielectric Testing of Grid Assets","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2bd55523-2133-475c-9304-56ccabcace4d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2bd55523-2133-475c-9304-56ccabcace4d","Comparison of Two and Three-Level AC-DC Rectifier Semiconductor Losses with SiC MOSFETs Considering Reverse Conduction","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper presents the semiconductor losses analytical equations in closed form for two-level voltage source converter, three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) and three-level T-Type PFC topologies in high power applications. The reverse parallel current conduction between the SiC MOSFETs channel and body diode is considered. A circuit simulation model is built in PLECS to estimate the semiconductor losses and to verify the accuracy of the developed analytical model. A calculation example of the semiconductor losses of a 200 kW three-phase rectifier is shown.","Silicon carbide; Computational modeling; «AC-DC converter»; «Analytical losses computation»; «Conduction losses»; «Silicon Carbide (SiC)>>; «Shunt current»","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-17","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:70ba17dd-4780-432c-88a6-83cc1077c793","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:70ba17dd-4780-432c-88a6-83cc1077c793","A Series Resonant Balancing Converter for Bipolar DC Grids on Ships","Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Balancing converters are an integral part of a bipolar dc grid. In this paper, we propose a balancing converter based on a series resonant converter topology. The converter operates in the capacitive region with phase shift between the upper and lower H-bridges. The converter operation is analyzed and verified with LTSpice simulation. A prototype is developed to verify the operation.","Resonant converter; DC-DC; Bi-directional converters; Bipolar DC","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:ca8ae92d-9d12-4355-bbd6-8046da928ee0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ca8ae92d-9d12-4355-bbd6-8046da928ee0","12-pulse Rectifier with DC-Side Buck Converter for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging","Lan, Dun (Student TU Delft); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago Batista (European Space Agency (ESA)); Granello, P. (Sapienza University of Rome); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper presents the study of a 100kW electric vehicle (EV) fast charger based on a 12-pulse rectifier cascaded with two buck-type DC-DC converters. The proposed circuit operates with a triangular current shaping method which considerably improves the current harmonics performance of the system. The studied circuit is particularly suited for high power battery charging, being relatively simple to operate, requiring a low active semiconductor count (only two active switches), and because it employs circuit technologies well-established in the high power market. Above all, this EV fast charger meets the requirements of isolation, high efficiency, high output voltage and good power quality (low THD and unity power factor). This paper describes in detail the analytical modeling of the studied circuit, including the current harmonic input filter design which meets the grid standard requirement, and the loss modeling of the semiconductors and passive elements. The modeling and simulation results of the proposed 100 kW system are presented and analyzed.","12-pulse converter; EV fast charging; Harmonic reduction; Triangular current shaping","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:586b417c-112a-4176-b36e-1bbe5b4da23d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:586b417c-112a-4176-b36e-1bbe5b4da23d","Harmonic Emission Modelling of Electric Vehicle Chargers","Liang, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In emerging fast-charging stations, DC fast chargers (DCFCs) are employed which rely on power electronics and control to achieve the required performance. Harmonic emission induced by the complex system behavior is of great concern in the DCFC system. This paper proposes a harmonic emission model for the typical electric vehicle charger design, i.e., two-level active front end. The technique is based on the Fourier series method and the impedance model which is able to reveal the harmonic current emission of DCFCs under different grid conditions. Time-domain simulations are presented subsequently to validate the proposed model.","DC fast charger; Fourier series; harmonics; impedance model","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:50fd2dd4-8d76-4793-b7be-0c546b7aaa70","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:50fd2dd4-8d76-4793-b7be-0c546b7aaa70","Cases of Soft Switching in a Series Resonant Balancing Converter for Bipolar DC Grids","Yadav, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Balancing converters are an integral part of a bipolar dc grid. Resonant converter topologies are interesting for power electronics engineers due to their soft switching capabilities. A series resonant converter topology is promising as a balancing converter in a bipolar dc grid. The series resonant converter is usually a non-inverting topology. However, in the balancing converter application, the converter is used as an inverting type, like a buck-boost converter topology. In this paper, the soft switching capabilities of this converter are shown and analyzed for four distinct converter modulation schemes.","balancing converter; bipolar dc; power electronics","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cc57336e-c994-49a9-a570-f8ed87b37592","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cc57336e-c994-49a9-a570-f8ed87b37592","A New Input-Parallel-Output-Series Three-Phase Hybrid Rectifier for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Chargers","Qiang, Rui (Student TU Delft); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago Batista (European Space Agency (ESA)); Granello, P. (Sapienza University of Rome); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper proposes a solution to the circuit topology of heavy-duty electric vehicle (HDEV) chargers. In light of the original hybrid rectifier, a new unidirectional Input-Parallel-Output-Series (IPOS) three-phase hybrid rectifier is proposed and analyzed. The IPOS topology is advantageous at ultra-high power rating to interface the next-generation HDEV batteries which require a high and wide output voltage range of 800~1500 V with available 600/1200V commercial semiconductors. Moreover, the proposed topology is efficient, cost-effective, and scalable with the grid input current harmonic components in compliance with the IEEE-519 standard. The benefits of the IPOS topology are supported by circuit derivation, control strategy, analytical modelling, simulation, and experimental verification.","AC-DC converter; fast charging; hybrid rectifier; partial power processing; power factor correction","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8b0924d8-fcad-48c5-b578-b1c47fa11bf9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b0924d8-fcad-48c5-b578-b1c47fa11bf9","A Review of the Key Technical and Non-Technical Challenges for Sustainable Transportation Electrification: A Case for Urban Catenary Buses","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","The transport sector has been increasing rather than decreasing its CO2 emissions, and its sustainable electrification faces a number of technical and non-technical challenges. This paper investigates these challenges, namely those of the grid load demand modelling, renewables integration, the present infrastructure limitations, and the policy/non-technical challenges. In synthesis, the suggested vision for the future sustainable urban bus network is presented as a catenary grid running In-Motion-Charging trolleybuses, with integrated PV, EV chargers, and stationary storage systems. The future grid must involve external players such as the DSO/TSO and research/academic institutions, with a dedicated coordination body, from pre-tendering all the way to daily operations.","Electric Mobility; Renewable Energy; Storage; Sustainable; Transportation","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bd84cc7a-b0bc-4590-8d50-3639db49f263","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bd84cc7a-b0bc-4590-8d50-3639db49f263","An Adaptive Cyber Security Scheme for AC Microgrids","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Distributed secondary control is deemed necessary to restore the state of AC micro-grids to set points. However, for its limited global information, the power electronic system is vulnerable to cyber-attacks that aim to desynchronize converters or even cause a shutdown of micro-grids by unnecessarily triggering the protection schemes. To this end, an adaptive communication weight update for the secondary control layer is proposed. It guarantees frequency synchronization and active power sharing despite the presence of these attacks. Moreover, it automatically dispatches optimal communication lines when all its neighboring data are corrupted to different levels. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed resilient control method is demonstrated using simulations.","AC micro-grid; adaptive control; cyber-attack; distributed control","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e72df6c0-b61a-460b-af77-86822adaa574","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e72df6c0-b61a-460b-af77-86822adaa574","Detection of cyber attack in smart grid: A Comparative Study","Xiao, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Smart grid steady control relies heavily on the communication infrastructure among sensors, actuators, and control systems, which makes it vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Accurate acquisition of dynamic state information is deemed vital for efficient detection of these cyber-attacks on a smart grid. However, several popular state estimation methods at the present stage are restricted in practical use and require some assumptions. In this paper, we investigate the security of smart grid systems. We (1) identify and define the security problem in the smart grid, (2) compare the performance of several state estimate methods including Least Square, Kalman filter, Extend Kalman filter, in identifying smart grid dynamic information using measurements, and (3) investigate the Chi-square detector, Euclidean Distance, and Cosine similarity matching approaches for attack detection.","Cyber attack detection; Kalman filter; smart grid; State estimate","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4e64e552-8af5-415a-b990-129d823c9e53","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4e64e552-8af5-415a-b990-129d823c9e53","Review on Power Quality Issues in EV Charging","Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing a crucial role in achieving the carbon neutral goal. To make the charging experience comparable with the refueling of the gasoline cars, more and more chargers are installed and connected to the grid. Meanwhile, the charging power is going up. As a result, more and more power quality issues associated with EV charging events have already been reported. In this paper, the power quality issues that are relevant to EV charging, including flicker, harmonics, and supraharmonics, are summarized. Their generation mechanisms, harm to the grid, and the promising mitigation measures are discussed. Case studies are also done to mimic the power quality issues in EV charging, and verify the analysis.","Power Quality; EV Cahrging; Harmonics; voltage fluctuations; Power electronic converter","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-05","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8c778d76-deab-41e2-b0da-806fcb692083","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8c778d76-deab-41e2-b0da-806fcb692083","ZVS Turn-on integrated Triangular Current Mode Three-phase PFC for EV On-board Chargers","Sun, Jian (Student TU Delft); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (European Space Agency (ESA)); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","An efficient, compact and lightweight three-phase AC-DC power factor correction (PFC) converter becomes a necessity for electric vehicles (EVs) On-board chargers (OBCs) in conventional grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging methods. The commercially available OBCs have very limited power density despite the moderate efficiency under specific power levels. In this paper, the integrated triangular current mode (iTCM) control is implemented to improve the power density (kW/L) and specific power (kW/kg) of the three-phase PFC converter stage while maintaining high efficiency. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on is realized in the iTCM control with a higher switching frequency to reduce the LCL filter size without sacrificing efficiency. By adding an LC branch between the bridge leg and mid-point of the DC link, the high-frequency and low-frequency currents are split to minimize the inductor loss and to derive a better inductor design. Analytical modeling and simulation in PLECS are conducted to verify the idea of iTCM. The capacitor-current feedback active damping method is implemented to prevent instability from the LC and LCL filters. The design of an 11kW three-phase AC-DC PFC converter, including the input LCL filter, achieves an efficiency of 98.81%, a power density of 12.46 kW/L and a specific power per weight of 1.87 kW/kg. The proposed three-phase iTCM control is benchmarked in a 3 kW SiC MOSFET-based AC-DC converter.","On-board chargers; power factor correction; integrated triangular current mode; zero voltage switching","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3c5d4ac6-66b1-4a7b-8aab-5a782da5e209","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3c5d4ac6-66b1-4a7b-8aab-5a782da5e209","Assessing the Demand Response Potential of Heat Pumps in All-Electric Buildings Equipped with PV, EV (V2G) and BES to Minimize Energy Costs","Gaona, David (Student TU Delft); Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","An integrated energy system consisted of PV panels, EV (electric vehicle), BES (battery energy storage), and a HP (heat pump) coupled with thermal storage tanks (TES) has been studied. The research aimed to minimize the total energy costs by scheduling the optimal power consumption of each device as response to two external signals as part of a demand response program. One of the signals corresponded to a selling electricity price tariff or feed-in tariff (FIT) to account for the ability of the system to sell energy towards the grid. On the other hand, the second signal corresponded to the buying electricity price tariff to account for the system's energy consumption from the grid. This control scheme allowed to determine the optimal energy consumption of the HP and its flexibility potential to shift its load towards times of low electricity prices. It was concluded that the proposed integrated system will produce a 50 % total energy cost reduction while the operation of the HP for one week in winter will reduce the gas consumption in 53 m3 in a traditional Dutch house.","Demand response program; heat pump (HP); thermal energy storage (TES); energy systems optimization; integrated energy systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9060e406-494b-4db6-b589-d82e2fcca689","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9060e406-494b-4db6-b589-d82e2fcca689","Adaptive Modularity for Power Electronics Based Electrolysis Systems for Green Hydrogen","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Electrolysis holds tremendous potential in reducing the carbon footprint and providing energy dense fuels such as methane. Such systems can be integrated with renewable energy systems with the aid of power electronics interfaces. However, this integration is not straight-forward and imposes various converter design challenges. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art electrolyzer systems, and a simple model of an alkaline regenerative stack with four degrees of freedom. To gain insights with regards to limitations/trade-offs, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on this model. Based on these insights, the challenges associated with power electronics converter design for this application have been discussed along with the trade-offs associated with the electrolyser system. Furthermore, the concept of adaptive modularity for efficiency and reliability improvement has been discussed.","Power electronics; electrolysis; modelling; sensitivity analysis; modularity and reconfigurability in power electronic systems; isolated converter topologies; green hydrogen","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fe88eac0-df11-462e-819c-66f8740b694d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fe88eac0-df11-462e-819c-66f8740b694d","Interoperability of the Voltage/Current Doubler Converter Employing Bipolar Pads with the SAE J2954 VA WPT2/Z2 for EV Wireless Charging","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","This paper investigates the interoperability of the proposed voltage/current doubler (V/I-D) converter used for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs), which achieves high efficiency when charging both 400V and 800V batteries at the same power. Nominally, the V/I-D converter employs bipolar pads (BPP) at both the primary and the secondary circuits. In this study, the functionality of the converter is assessed when the primary BPP is coupled with a standard secondary coil, here being the VA test station WPT2/Z2 from SAE J2954. First, the intended operation of the V/I- D converter is explained. After that, the equivalent circuit of the BPP primary coupled with the standardized secondary coil is modeled analytically. The operation based on the misalignment is discussed. Then, the interoperability is verified through experimental results for the entire constant current charging mode for a rated output power of 7.2kW. Even though the functionality of the V/I-D converter is not optimal during the interoperability, the measured DC-to-DC power transfer efficiency in the considered operating range reaches the maximum at 95.22%, while the minimum is 92.86%.","Battery voltage; bipolar pads; compensation networks; cross-coupling; electric vehicles; inductive power transfer; interoperability; rectangular coils; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b147fb17-fa37-41a5-937d-ad75da95fa65","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b147fb17-fa37-41a5-937d-ad75da95fa65","Reconfigurability, Modularity and Redundancy Trade-offs for Grid Connected Power Electronic Systems","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Power electronic converters (PECs) are workhorses of emerging distribution networks. PEC interfaced grids can function as flexible power corridors facilitating compact and efficient energy exchange between distribution generation, load and storage elements. Introducing adequate Reconfigurability, Modularity, and Redundancy (RMR) in such PEC-driven hybrid ac-dc distribution networks can enhance power delivery, thus enabling infrastructure savings. In this paper, an approach for implementing adequate RMR is introduced that can be applied at both converter- and system-level; therefore, the system's reliability can be improved. Furthermore, in this discussion, the impact of integrating renewable energy sources, charging stations and storage systems with the grids is considered with regard to the methodologies of applying RMR to improve the reliability. Potential applications include various power electronics converters, parallel ac-dc links, embedded PEC energy routers, dc hubs, and multi-parallel converter systems capable of regulating power flows between different nodes in the grid with fault-tolerant topologies.","Reliability; Redundancy; Modularity; Reconfigurablity; Failure rate","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3a5912c4-e980-442f-b8c0-4b1387dccca1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3a5912c4-e980-442f-b8c0-4b1387dccca1","Impact of the Various Components Consideration on Choosing Optimal Redundancy Strategy in MMC","Ahmadi, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Power electronics converters will play a crucial role in power grid expansion. Superior advantages offered by MMC make it the most popular candidate amongst various converter topologies. However, due to a large number of components installed within MMC, reliability analysis is an unavoidable task that needs to be carried out to maximize the MMC's availability and positively affect the overall performance of the power system. To this end, applying redundancy at the converter level is one of the solutions to increase the reliability of the MMC. In this paper, the reliability of the MMC is evaluated during its useful lifetime according to various applied redundancy strategies. At the same time, it is proposed that optimal-decision making in redundancy strategy depends on the failure rate of which components are considered. It will be presented that the superiority of the applied redundancy can vary.","MMC; Reliability; Redundancy; Failure rate","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:22706412-9966-4295-a445-09a5396ed558","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:22706412-9966-4295-a445-09a5396ed558","Toward a Better Estimation of the Charging Corridor Length of In-Motion-Charging Trolleybuses","Diab, I. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","In-Motion-Charging (IMC) buses are destined to become a key player in sustainable urban transport as they combine the advantages of both trolleybuses (overhead supply mode) and e-buses (on-board battery mode). Defining the route ratio of these two modes of operation is a critical task in order to ensure that the IMC battery can complete a full trip once it is out of the charging corridor zone (i.e., out of the trolleybus operation zone). This paper offers a more correct approach to sizing the charging corridor than what is commonly found in literature, by including the effects of both the stopping and moving times of a typical IMC bus and by studying two charging schemes for the IMC bus battery charging. Errors as high as 16.4% and 17.6% were reported for the two charging schemes, respectively, when using the conventional methods found in literature for a case study using measurements of the trolleygrid city of Arnhem, the Netherlands.","Adaptive Charging; Electric vehicles; IMC; transport; trolleybus","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-01-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5344f9ed-8666-4b9d-b934-1f0e1ab0bb7e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5344f9ed-8666-4b9d-b934-1f0e1ab0bb7e","Topological Protection in Radiative Photonic Crystal Cavities","Barczyk, R.T. (AMOLF); Parappurath, N. (AMOLF); Arora, S. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Bauer, T.A. (TU Delft QN/Kuipers Lab; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Kuipers, L. (TU Delft QN/Quantum Nanoscience; Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft); Verhagen, E. (AMOLF)","","2022","We study the signatures of topological light confinement in the leakage radiation of two-dimensional topological photonic crystal cavities that feature the quantum spin Hall effect at telecom wavelengths. The mode profiles in real and momentum space are retrieved using far field imaging and Fourier spectropolarimetry. We examine the scaling behavior of mode spectra, observe band-inversion-induced confinement, and demonstrate hallmarks of topological protection in the loss rates, which are largely unaffected by cavity shape and size.","","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","QN/Quantum Nanoscience","QN/Kuipers Lab","","",""
"uuid:c22ae697-556e-4b7a-9fa3-d58daf877fee","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c22ae697-556e-4b7a-9fa3-d58daf877fee","Highly Compact Partial Power Converter for a Highly Efficient PV-BESS Stacked Generation System","Granello, P. (Sapienza University of Rome); Schirone, Luigi (Sapienza University of Rome); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Miceli, Rosario (Università degli Studi di Palermo); Pellitteri, Filippo (Università degli Studi di Palermo)","","2022","The inherently intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) energy has brought increasing interest towards the integration between PV sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). In this paper, a Series Partial Power Processing (PPP) converter based on Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) is proposed to integrate PV and BESS in a grid-connected inverter system. The proposed converter has been simulated according to a PV string capable to provide 1430 W under full irradiance conditions, a BESS nominal voltage equal to 215 V and a solar inverter assumed to operate with a minimum voltage of 150 V and a maximum current of 10 A. Simulation tests carried out at different conditions of solar radiation and required load power aim at demonstrating the correct operation of the proposed system.","DC/DC Power Conversion; Partial Power Processing; Switched Capacitor; Capacitive Power Transfer; Battery Energy Storge Systems; Photovoltaic","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d7309ad3-220e-4a78-8aab-1ba0d065c61b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d7309ad3-220e-4a78-8aab-1ba0d065c61b","Gate Driver Design for 1.2 kV SiC Module with PCB Integrated Rogowski Coil Protection Circuit","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Tiftikidis, Panagiotis (Student TU Delft); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Wide band-gap materials, e.g., Silicon Carbide (SiC), allow the realization of power semiconductor with superior performance with respect to the traditional Si-based counterparts. On the other hand they require more stringent short-circuit or over-current clearing time to safeguard the device lifetime. This paper focuses on the analysis, design guidelines and practical implementation of a gate drive circuit incorporating fast short-circuit/over-current protection $(\lt 1 \mu \mathrm{s})$ based on the device di/dt measurement through PCB-based auxiliary Rogowski coils. The target power module is a industry standard 62mm packaged 1.2kV SiC MOSFET half-bridge. The gate driver protection features are experimentally tested and the target time for the short circuit clearing was satisfied, with the gate driver effectively turning off the switches within 400 ns during a short-circuit test.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:efcf4727-5f29-450d-9971-32d4cd9ba16c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:efcf4727-5f29-450d-9971-32d4cd9ba16c","Multi-timescale Modeling of Fast Charging Stations for Power Quality Analysis","Wang, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","To accurately simulate the harmonic emission of EV DC fast chargers (DCFCs) and the harmonic voltage of the power grid to which the chargers are connected, a small time-step, i.e., typically smaller than 10μs, is required. However, for harmonic assessment, a long timescale, typically a day, is required. A conflict between accuracy and time efficiency exists. To address this issue, a multitimescale modeling framework of fast charging stations (FCSs) is proposed in this paper. In the presented framework, the DCFCs’ input impedance and harmonic current emission in the ideal grid condition, i.e., the grid impedance is zero and there are no background harmonic voltages, is obtained firstly through a converter switch model with a small timescale. Since the DCFC’s input impedance and harmonic current source change in the charging course, the input impedance and harmonic emission at different input power should be obtained. Then, the DCFCs’ input impedance and harmonic emission will be used in the fast-charging station modeling, where the DCFCs are simplified as their Norton equivalent circuits. In the station level modeling, a bigger time step, i.e., 1 minute, is used, since the DCFCs’ operating power can be assumed as a constant in one minute. With this framework, the FCSs’ long-term power quality performance can be assessed efficiently without neglecting the DCFCs’ small timescale dynamics.","Charging Infrastructure for EV's; Power quality; Modeling; Harmonics","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9bf23d98-4699-4e53-911f-0c6445e6d2d3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9bf23d98-4699-4e53-911f-0c6445e6d2d3","An Adaptive Control Strategy for Dynamic Response of an Autonomous DC system","Norouzi, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Hoppe, T. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The dynamic behaviour - steady-state and transient - of the DC Microgrids during power disturbance can affect the system’s general performance. A hybrid combination of energy storage devices with slow frequency response, like a Fuel Cell, and with a fast dynamic response, like a Super-Capacitor, provides an improved dynamic response to stabilise DC bus voltage. However, control parameters should be designed based on the preferences of the system. This paper proposes a fuzzy-based controller to determine the Virtual Capacitor Droop controller to achieve the desired transient response. The proposed dynamic control method is validated through MATLAB/Simulink.","DC Microgrids; Dynamic behaviour; Energy Storage; Fuzzy-based controller","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:079385f5-e19a-4832-a755-679213f7705f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:079385f5-e19a-4832-a755-679213f7705f","Virtual Resistor Active Damping with Selective Harmonics Control of LCL-Filtered VSCs","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Xu, J. (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","LCL filter is widely adopted for strict standard compliance of grid-tied voltage source converters (VSCs). The third order low-pass filtering provides great attenuation for the high frequency harmonics generated by the power electronics guaranteeing low output currents noise injection into the grid. A major concern of the implementation of the LCL-filter is to safeguard the system stability by providing effective damping of the filter resonances. Active damping methods are preferred because it does not result in substantial power losses as it would result by the utilization of passive damping circuits. Capacitor-current active damping (CCAD) technique can be effective while realizing only a proportional feedback. However, the suitable feedback gain for maintaining stability remains to be identified. Another control issue related to the grid-tied VSC is the harmonics compensation of the currents due to the grid voltage distortion. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved resonator with phase compensation to suppress the harmonics distortion while maintaining stability with properly design capacitor current feedback. The capacitor feedback gain for stability is analytically derived in this paper. The proposed control scheme is verified by both simulation and experimental results.","Capacitor-current feedback Active damping (CCAD); Harmonics resonator; LCL filter; VSC","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f2e37854-78e5-4390-958e-83b9f400dcb4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f2e37854-78e5-4390-958e-83b9f400dcb4","A Transformer Isolated Driving Method for SiC MOSFETs with a Constant Negative Off Voltage","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","SiC MOSFETs have become more and more popular in recent years. Apart from its superior performance, attentions should be paid to its driving method. In this paper, an improved transformer driving circuit is proposed which can provide an almost constant negative turn-off voltage within a wide dutycycle range. Both simulation and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of this method.","Driving Transformer; MOSFETs in Series; Negative Off Voltage; SiC MOSFETs","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a0031244-faff-4a18-946b-dba6f3eadacb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a0031244-faff-4a18-946b-dba6f3eadacb","Modular Multilevel Converter-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator used for High Voltage Testing","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; DNVGL - KEMA Laboratories); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper analyses different design trade-offs for a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator (AWG) used for High Voltage (HV) testing and certification of grid assets such as transformers, switchgear, and cables. Modulation techniques, number of submodules, output voltage levels, arm inductance, and series damping resistance play an essential role in obtaining different waveforms with good quality. Phase-Shift Carrier (PSC) modulation technique proves to be a superior modulation technique for different periodic waveforms over Nearest Level Control (NLC), even when a large number of submodules is considered. With the traditional second-order filter design strategy, proper values of the arm inductance and series resistance can be selected, guaranteeing a good quality of the generated voltage waveforms to verify different dielectric properties of grid-assets. The design of such an AWG is demonstrated with the simulations in MATLAB-Simulink.","AWG; HV testing; MMC; NLC modulation technique; PSC modulation technique; number of output voltage levels","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7e50f8ee-e8e0-4540-af23-6cb4132dd1f0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7e50f8ee-e8e0-4540-af23-6cb4132dd1f0","A Critical Review on The Effects of Pulse Charging of Li-ion Batteries","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","In this paper a review on the effects of pulse charging of lithium based battery technology is done. Results published in existing literature are not in complete agreement regarding the effects of pulse charging. Several studies claim to have beneficial effects on charging efficiency, charging time, and capacity fade. While others have found disadvantageous effects on the same parameters. The goal of this paper is to summarize and review these results, based on fundamental theory. Additionally, it will be shown that the electrical equivalent circuit analysis of batteries, often used to explain the beneficial results of pulse charging is an incomplete analogy to fully explain the results of pulse charging.","Lithium ion; Battery Charging; Pulse charging; Sinusoidal Ripple Charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:14161bba-2048-4fa1-a1e9-610af2fc626c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:14161bba-2048-4fa1-a1e9-610af2fc626c","Electric Vehicle Charging with Multi-Port Converter based Integration in DC Trolley-Bus Network","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","DC traction networks that supply power to trolley-buses, tramcars and trains can be simultaneously used to integrate fast-charging stations for Electric Vehicles (EVs). This strategy improves the traction grid utilization of urban transportation systems. In addition, it offers a potential solution to the increasing requirement of charging infrastructure due to proliferation of plug-in EVs and the associated impact on the existing distribution network. This paper suggests that the use of multi-port converter based integration of EV chargers with dc trolley-bus network can be a preferred solution in terms of defined efficiency boundary. A sensitivity analysis to charging power, substation distance and section length of overhead contact system is performed in comparison to the conventional two-port dc/dc converter based EV integration.","bilateral connection; dc fast charging; electric vehicles; subway; traction systems; tramway network; transportation electrification; triple-active bridge; wayside storage","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f134d92c-5648-4d67-a403-94af4fd7e5a8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f134d92c-5648-4d67-a403-94af4fd7e5a8","Performance Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle Traction Drive using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches","Tan, Changyu (Student TU Delft); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The parallel connection of a Silicon (Si)-based IGBT and a Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based MOSFET forming a so called hybrid switch (HyS) can be used to exploit the advantageous features of both semiconductor and materials technologies. In this paper, a HyS-based inverter designed for the application of Electric Vehicle (EV) traction is compared to the conventional inverter assembled with Si-based IGBTs and SiC-based MOS-FETs. According to different standardized driving cycles, EVs operate in low partial load for a considerable amount of the time. Therefore, in this application, semiconductor conduction losses can be considerably reduced when unipolar switches such as MOSFETs are used. All in all, this work shows that the HyS configuration constitutes a good compromise between efficiency and cost when compared to the solution implementing only Si-based IGBT or solely SiC-based MOSFETs.","Electric vehicles; Silicon Carbide (SiC); driving cycles; hybrid switch; motor drive","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4e816f5f-4272-429e-91e2-d4e3ba6a265e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4e816f5f-4272-429e-91e2-d4e3ba6a265e","Study on Soft Start-Up and Shut-Down Methods for Wireless Power Transfer Systems for the Charging of Electric Vehicles","Riekerk, C. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The increase in popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and the pursuit of user convenience makes wireless power transfer (WPT) an attractive technology for the charging of batteries. The usage of WPT in e-transportation is not straightforward because the current standardization limits the allowed operating frequency range and magnitude of the irradiated magnetic field. Although, to safeguard the zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the intrinsic inverter switches, their operating frequency needs to be slightly adapted at all time such that the circuit functions in the equivalent inductive region of the passive network. Besides the semiconductors’ soft switching, another control objective is limiting the inverter current to restrain the irradiated magnetic field. The start-up of the WPT system can be particularly challenging because uncertainties on the loading condition and coils’ misalignment can complicate these control objectives. This paper benchmarks three start-up modulation strategies for the H-bridge inverter which aim to reduce the amplitude of the transient currents and to ensure ZVS operation for the S-S compensation and double-sided LCC compensation. In addition two soft shut-down strategies are compared for the S-S compensation. The results show that the symmetrical phase-shift (SPS) control with self-oscillating feedback control, also known as Dual Control gives the best performance for S-S compensation at start-up and shut-down. The combination of frequency and SPS control starting below resonance gives the best results for the soft start-up of the double-sided LCC compensation.","Electric vehicle (EV); inductive power transfer (IPT; start-up transient; wireless power transfer (WPT); inductive power transfer (IPT)","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-29","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:8cb5cc40-ef03-450c-9eb6-539959263f13","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cb5cc40-ef03-450c-9eb6-539959263f13","Common Mode Currents in DC Power Routers","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The grid reinforcement and energy redirection needs have led to the emergence of Back-To-Back Voltage Source Converter (BTB-VSC) based dc power routers. This paper investigates the low frequency Common Mode Currents (CMCs) that arise in the system if the employed BTB-VSCs have an un-isolated ac path connected in parallel to their output ports. Simulation results are presented to show a sensitivity analysis of lower order harmonics in CMC with respect to the operating active and reactive power of the dc router, dc link voltage, link resistance, modulation method and pole capacitance. Experimental results are shared to show existance of lower order CMC in 3-wire ac link operating in parallel with the dc power router and these are mitigated using zero sequence controller.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9eb78bea-685a-432a-bdd7-90620432eb7d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9eb78bea-685a-432a-bdd7-90620432eb7d","Analysis of Dynamic Charging Performances of Optimized Inductive Power Transfer Couplers","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper aims to investigate the dynamic charging performance of an 11 kW dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) system. First, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) method is proposed to find the Pareto front of the DD charging pad. Then, the optimal design with a 96.82% efficiency is selected as the target design for the DIPT system. Based on the coupler mutual inductance at different misalignment, the orientation of the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) pads and the distance between Tx pads are studied and optimized. To obtain the dynamic characteristics of the DIPT system, the impact of mutual inductance variation is investigated, and a dynamic model using Laplace phasor transformation is built to solve the waveform amplitude of electrical variables. Finally, a time-variant circuit model is built. Based on the simulations, the dynamic model is proved to be accurate, and the proposed DIPT system displays a good dynamic charging performance.","dynamic characteristics; dynamic inductive power transfer; dynamic modelling method; multi-objective optimization","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-11-21","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6fb4d810-af22-453a-b502-6130437968e2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6fb4d810-af22-453a-b502-6130437968e2","Study of Back-end DC/DC Converter for 3.7 kW Wireless Charging System according to SAE J2954","Yu, G. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","In a wireless charging system, a back-end DC/DC converter can be used after the coil rectification stage to match the battery charging requirements and to optimize the resonant converter operation. In this paper, a synchronous boost converter is selected according to suggested coil parameters from SAE J2954 standards on a WPT1 3.7 kW power class. This converter is analysed while cascaded to a resonant converter with series-series (S-S) compensation. The semiconductor and inductor losses under hard-switched continuous conduction mode (CCM) and triangular current mode (TCM) are calculated and compared. A benchmark study shows that both the TCM and CCM operations have similar performance of efficiency in constant current (CC) charging profile while TCM has a higher efficiency in the constant voltage (CV) charging profile of a Nissan Leaf EV battery.","S-S; CCM; TCM; Boost Converter; Inductor; Battery","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7bc1a02e-7b73-42b5-82bd-a64a627f3dfe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7bc1a02e-7b73-42b5-82bd-a64a627f3dfe","Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Demonstrator for Electric Vehicle Charging in Distribution Grids","De Herdt, Lode (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","A simple and low-cost Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) demonstrator is developed for the purpose of studying the impact of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging on low voltage distribution grids. An energy saving power circulating method with potential bi-directional function is proposed in this study as well. The distribution grid under test runs on a Digital Real Time Simulator (DRTS), and a controlled 3-phase voltage at one of the nodes is formed using a power amplifier. The practical setup consists of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and a system which emulates the charging behaviour of an EV, referred to as an EV emulator. These are integrated using a 15 kW back to back ac-dc converter based power router. Structure, performance and limitations of the test-bed components, communication protocols and signal processing are discussed.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3208b293-3390-4f35-a666-8450e26c8127","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3208b293-3390-4f35-a666-8450e26c8127","Aggregated Impact of EV Charger Type and EV Penetration level in Improving PV Integration in Distribution Grids","Wagh, Saumitra (Student TU Delft); Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","Mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can improve the loading characteristics of low voltage distribution grids with high Photovoltaic (PV) penetration. This impact is investigated in the paper from two point of views, namely, the EV charger type and the EV penetration level. Based on the measured usage data for home, public and semi-public EV chargers, it is highlighted that the ratio of the number of these charger types can influence the grid level impact of PV penetration. Using Monte-Carlo method with aggregated power balance model, it is suggested that the increase in percentage of public and semi-public chargers relative to home chargers can improve self-consumption of PV energy in the grid, thereby reducing the power mismatch due to excess local generation. A PowerFactory based simulation with real measurement based data on real German distribution grids reveals that the grids have no risk of congestion at all with 80% EV penetration, allowing for a possibility even higher EV penetration in the future. Furthermore, with the considered uncontrolled EV charging, it is observed that the grids experience reverse power flows due to excess PV generation. This excess PV energy reduces by about 5% with high EV penetration, indicating a future potential for targeted smart charging application for improving these benchmarked results.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d578cca9-e540-4671-b11a-dbb61c4d61ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d578cca9-e540-4671-b11a-dbb61c4d61ae","Efficiency Map based Modelling of Electric Drive for Heavy Duty Electric Vehicles and Sensitivity Analysis","Abhay, Nived (Student TU Delft); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Nouws, Simon (DAF Trucks N.V.)","","2021","This paper presents a method to model losses of the electric drive for electric vehicles from the limited information provided in the efficiency map. A Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm and simple loss model based method is used to extract the loss coefficients from the motor drive efficiency map. The copper loss, hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and windage loss of the motor and switching and conduction losses of the inverter are considered. The method is used to analyze how to increase the range of heavy duty electric trucks. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters contributing to the range. Influence of different powertrain architectures on the range are studied. The proposed method proves to be effective. Comapred to directly applying the efficiency map, the proposed method provides more insigts into the loss distribution in the inverters and motors, reveals the key factors influencing the powertrain loss and can be used to guide the optimisation of the powertrain architecture and motors for future designs.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:23a41174-d3d3-4765-9817-a75491b138dc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:23a41174-d3d3-4765-9817-a75491b138dc","Optimal Battery Energy Storage System Sizing for Demand Charge Management in EV Fast Charging Stations","Koolman, George (Student TU Delft); Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","The high pulsating demand of fast charging stations (FCS) may cause monthly demand charges to account for a significant fraction of a station's electric bill. To reduce these costs, demand charge management can be applied to suppress peak power demands at FCSs, also using battery energy storage systems (BESS). This paper proposes a multi-objective approach for the optimal BESS and grid-tie sizing in FCS designs using genetic algorithms. With demand data from a FCS in the Netherlands, numerical studies are conducted in the Mosaik and Pymoo environments to assess the effectiveness of the proposed formulation.","Battery energy storage systems; Demand charge management; Electrical vehicles; Fast charging stations; Genetic algorithms; Multi-objective optimizations; NSGA-II","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:387e5d23-250f-4d31-9e33-33b5471a30de","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:387e5d23-250f-4d31-9e33-33b5471a30de","Analysis of Partial Discharge Behaviour under Staircase-based Sinusoidal Voltage Waveforms","Ganeshpure, D.A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Castro Heredia, L.C. (TU Delft ESP LAB); Ghaffarian Niasar, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Vaessen, P.T.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; DNVGL - KEMA Laboratories); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2021","This paper presents a comparison in Partial Discharge (PD) behaviour when an air corona setup is subjected to different waveforms, namely an idealized 50 Hz sinusoidal and staircase-based sinusoidal waveforms near inception voltage and at a higher voltage. In this study, it has been observed that the PD repetition rate and the Phase-Resolved PD (PRPD) pattern with the staircase waveform better resemble that of a pure sinusoidal waveform if the number of voltage levels of the staircase waveform is sufficiently increased. When observed more closely at the PRPD pattern near inception voltage, PDs tend to occur near the slope of the staircase waveform, even when the step voltage is small.","Air corona; MMC-based HV test source; Partial Discharges; Staircase waveforms","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:54398231-8938-4574-bec5-bd8c8a1bce08","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54398231-8938-4574-bec5-bd8c8a1bce08","Impact of WTG converter impedance model on harmonic amplification factor of the Dutch 110kV transmission network using a 383MW wind farm case study","Vree, D. (Energy Solutions); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ummels, B.C. (TU Delft Offshore Engineering; Windpark Fryslan)","","2020","In this decade, a significant amount of additional wind and solar power will be integrated in the Dutch high voltage grid. The 383 MW nearshore Wind Park Fryslân is foressen to be connected to the Dutch 110kV grid in 2020 through two 55km cable circuits. To quantify the risks of exceeding emission levels for both the TSO and the wind farm developer, harmonic voltage distortion studies must already be performed at an early phase of the project. Relevant data of wind farm components may not yet be available then and must therefore be estimated including data of the wind turbine generator (WTG). The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of a WTG converter impedance model on the harmonic impedance of the windfarm and subsequent harmonic voltage amplification. For this purpose, an analytical converter harmonic model with tunable parameters has been developed. A sensitivity study was performed in a case study of Wind Park Fryslân to analyse the impact of these parameters on the harmonic amplification at the Point of Connection with the 110 kV grid. The length and amount of array cables were also included in the study. The paper follows a step-wise approach where subsequently wind farm impedance, grid impedance and amplification factor have been calculated. It has been found that the WTG converter impedance model has a significant impact on the harmonic amplification of low harmonic orders (h=2 to h=10). Notably, not taking the converter impedance into account (infinite impedance) will result in both over- as well as underestimation of the harmonic amplification over the mentioned frequency range. It is shown that, when no WTG manufacturer has been selected yet, the analytical converter model provides a valid alternative for performing early-stage harmonic studies.","Harmonic impedance; Harmonic amplification; wind turbine generator; converter model","en","conference paper","Cigré","","","","","This was the CIGRE Session 48 to be held in Paris but was held online due to COVID-19","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7fb46b96-e813-46c2-bc6d-80593e2e5a0f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7fb46b96-e813-46c2-bc6d-80593e2e5a0f","Electromechanical dynamics analysis of pole-piece rotors in pseudo direct-drive wind turbine generators","Desmedt, Michiel (Student TU Delft; Greenfish NL); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wani, F.M. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Polinder, H. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics)","","2020","This paper analyses the electromechanical dynamics of the pole-piece rotors in a pseudo direct-drive wind turbine generator. The investigated generator has a rated power of 10 MW and was designed in the INNWIND.EU project. One way coupled finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate the rotor dynamic defections caused by electromagnetic forces in the air gap. Results show that the deflection exceeds the air gap length which is not mechanically feasible. To solve the problem, three structural modifications are proposed and tested in FEA to reduce the pole piece deflection significantly. The results of the three solutions are compared to idenfity the most promising one. It shows that a ribbed rotor piece topology is the most suitable option because it achieves a reasonable tradeoff between the torque generation and mechanical deflection.","Permanent magnet generators; Pseudo direct-drive; Structural dynamics; Wind turbine generator","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-06-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b051525b-fdee-4bc9-88a9-38b100d6e8cf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b051525b-fdee-4bc9-88a9-38b100d6e8cf","Online Laboratory Sessions for the Education of Electrical Machines and Drives","Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Koeners, G.J.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper presents a method to implement online laboratory sessions for education in Electrical Engineering on subjects related to electrical machines and drives. The assignments for the laboratory sessions consist of: the preparation homework, where students have to study relevant theories; the development of circuit simulations; and the participation on a practical session online. For the latter, the students have to implement remotely various models in a physical setup based on the results of their homework tasks. After taking the assignments, the students should be able to: set up circuit simulations of electrical machines and drives; to implement relevant control of motor drives in a physical setup; and finally, to interpret the differences between the simulation and experiment results. Detailed design of the physical setup, the assignments, the relevant Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities are presented and discussed in this paper. An example and the feedback of applying it in a master level course is presented. The experience gained so far shows that the proposed online laboratory sessions can be used as supplementary educational resource to existing online education platforms.","electrical drives; electrical machines; laboratory setup; massive open online courses; online education","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-01-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1f4373e7-fad7-4570-b872-32a36c3fc980","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1f4373e7-fad7-4570-b872-32a36c3fc980","Comparison of Two and Three-Level DC-AC Converters for a 100 kW Battery Energy Storage System","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2020","This paper discusses a qualitative comparison between Two and Three-Level Voltage Source Converter (VSC) topologies for battery energy storage applications. Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and T-Type circuit topologies are benchmarked versus the state-of-art Two-Level VSC in terms of efficiency and power density considering a 100 kW system. Analytical equations for determining the power losses in the semiconductor modules are given, and the procedure for designing the output LCL filter and the DC-link capacitors is described. The analysis, based on off-the-shelf circuit components, shows that the Three-Level topologies perform better than the Two-Level one in both considered metrics, mainly due to their lower switching losses that allow operating at higher switching frequency without significantly degrading the system efficiency, and, at the same time, increasing the system power density. Additionally, it is found that the T-Type topology shows better performances than the NPC topology at full and high partial loads, being then more suitable for applications that require most of the operation at maximum power.","Battery energy storage systems; Neutral Point Clamped; T-Type; Voltage Source Converter","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:980ff641-afc1-48ea-9fa1-c1393b48efd1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:980ff641-afc1-48ea-9fa1-c1393b48efd1","Auto-resonant Control of the H-Bridge Resonant Converter for Inductive Power Transfer Applications","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Roodenburg, B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In inductive power transfer applications that use resonant compensation networks, the commonly employed H-bridge inverter should be kept operating in soft-switching to ensure high power efficiency and low irradiated electromagnetic noise. To achieve so, the zero-crossing detection circuit for the resonant current or voltage must be fast and accurate in any operating condition. This paper researches the concept of an auto-resonant control for the typical H-bridge resonant converter used in wireless charging systems. In the method proposed here, the reference levels for the zero-crossing detection of the inverter's current are automatically adapted depending on the slope of the current itself at the zero-crossing. In this way, it is possible to compensate for the circuit delay even in the presence of parameters' variation and to ensure that the soft-switching is always maintained. The functionality of this control method is proven first mathematically, and then with circuit simulations. The core steps for the implementation are described with the support of functional blocks. Finally, the system start-up strategy is explained, which uses an auxiliary timed oscillator to modulate the inverter with a fixed 50% duty cycle at a higher frequency than the nominal. This guarantees that the start-up is in the inductive region and, thus, the zero-voltage switching turn-on. Once the detection circuits sense the current flow, the oscillator is automatically disabled, and the nominal power transfer starts.","Control; inductive power transfer; inverter; soft-switching; wireless charging; zero voltage switching","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:fccf50da-0979-428d-a9fc-26001a3652c2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fccf50da-0979-428d-a9fc-26001a3652c2","Compensation Network for a 7.7 kW Wireless Charging System that Uses Standardized Coils","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Industrial wireless charging systems use standardized coils to guarantee interoperability between different manufacturers. In combination with these coils, the compensation network can still be designed and optimized. This paper explains the step-by-step design of the compensation network for a 7.7 kW wireless charging system (power class WPT2), which is composed of standardized coils. The compensation network must satisfy the output power and voltage requirements, the soft-switching of the inverter, and the limit of voltage and current stress on the components. The S-S compensation network is found to be unfeasible for those coils, and an optimized double-sided LCC compensation network is designed. The 3-phase grid connection is selected despite the 1-phase one because it gives the lowest total conduction losses. Finally, two parallel SiC MOSFETs C3M0075120K are chosen as inverter's switch because of their low conduction losses. This solution can achieve a payback time within a year with respect to the cheapest one.","Compensation networks; electric vehicles (EVs); inductive power transfer; standardized coils; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-03-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3066a9c8-3bc8-42ba-82c9-f34756f23877","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3066a9c8-3bc8-42ba-82c9-f34756f23877","LCL Filter Design for Three Phase AC-DC Converters Considering Semiconductor Modules and Magnetics Components Performance","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2020","LCL filters are commonly adopted to attenuate the current harmonics produced by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Voltage Source Converters (VSC). Due to the nature of LCL filters, several combinations of L and C can deliver the attenuation required by the standards. The optimal configuration is generally evaluated, considering power density, costs, and filter efficiency. This paper shows that semiconductor efficiency should also be considered as an important design variable. It is shown that the AC ripple across the converter side inductor can reduce, to a certain extent, the overall semiconductor losses, when commercial IGBTs and the respective anti-parallel diodes are used. Reduced losses have benefits in terms of semiconductor module lifetime, chip area and cost reduction, and simplification of cooling requirements. Higher AC ripple, however, negatively affect the filter losses. Nonetheless, inductive components are typically much less critical in terms of losses dissipation and lifetime than semiconductors.","Voltage Source Converter (VSC); Passive filter","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","""Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.""","","2021-12-22","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7fad4fc2-4dcc-490e-957f-90289b8e3310","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7fad4fc2-4dcc-490e-957f-90289b8e3310","Carrier-Based Modulated Model Predictive Control for Vienna Rectifiers","Xu, Junzhong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Linglin (Huawei Technologies Company Ltd.); Tarisciotti, Luca (Andrés Bello University); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","The implementation of traditional finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) with variable switching frequency in voltage source rectifiers (VSRs) can make the system suffer from poor current harmonics performance. In fact, the resulting wide-spread voltage harmonic generated at the AC terminals makes the design of the typical multi-order AC filtering bulky and prone to control instabilities. This paper proposed a fixed frequency carrier-based modulated model predictive control (CB-MMPC) which is able to overcome these issues. This control strategy aims to improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the AC current waveform without introducing any additional weight factor in the cost function of the optimization routine, while maintaining the typical performance of fast current dynamic response of the FCS-MPC. Herein, the detailed implementation of the proposed CB-MMPC is given, while considering its application to the current feedback control loop of a three-phase three-level Vienna rectifier. Finally, PLECS based simulation results are used to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and to benchmark its performance to the classical FCS-MPC strategy and the conventional application of a current closed loop implementing a proportional-integral(PI)-controller.","MPC (Model-based Predictive Control; Modulation strategy; Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); Voltage Source Converter (VSC); MPC (Model-based Predictive Control)","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5f88e8da-f03a-4df9-9ffe-3e8e207f3760","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5f88e8da-f03a-4df9-9ffe-3e8e207f3760","Model Predictive Control for the Reduction of DC-link Current Ripple in Two-level Three-phase Voltage Source Inverters","Xu, Junzhong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Gao, Fei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chen, Linglin (Huawei Technologies Company Ltd.); Tarisciotti, Luca (Andrés Bello University); Tang, Houjun (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In the applications of three-phase two-level voltage source inverters (VSIs) relatively large energy storage capacitors are used to absorb the high DC-link current ripples mainly caused by the circulating reactive power, the switched AC phase current flowing to the DC-link, and other dynamic and/or asymmetric operating conditions. Especially for electrolytic capacitor technology the typically high current stress and consequent losses is known to limit the power electronics lifetime, thus the design and selection of this component is critical for the whole system. To alleviate this problem, a new model predictive control (MPC) cost function which enables DC-link capacitor current ripple reduction is proposed in this paper. Based on the DC-link current mathematical model and the available VSI switching states, the future DC current ripple can be predicted, and then the optimized space vectors that best tracks the sinusoidal output current and minimizes the DC-link current ripple are chosen. Compared with conventional DC-link capacitor current reduction methods, the proposed approach has the advantage to incorporate an outstanding fast current control dynamics as well as being of relatively simple implementation because there is no need to adjust the switching signals or space vectors in the modulation as function of operational conditions of the system. Simulation and experimental results are presented verifying the effectiveness of the proposed MPC method.","MPC (Model-based Predictive Control); Modulation strategy; Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); Voltage Source Converter (VSC)","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cb3c2603-a69b-46cd-b634-fa2e998afd70","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb3c2603-a69b-46cd-b634-fa2e998afd70","Impact of Uncontrolled Charging with Mass Deployment of Electric Vehicles on Low Voltage Distribution Networks","Yu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Refa, Nazir (ElaadNL); Bernards, Raoul (Enexis Netbeheer B.V.)","","2020","This study aims to quantity the impact of uncontrolled charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the low voltage distribution networks with increasing EV penetration levels. For this objective, key indicators are developed to show the magnitude, scale and duration of the impact on the distribution network. The disseminated results are based on the case study with actual data from the existing distribution networks. The findings of this paper can serve as a benchmark for determining the potential of smart EV charging algorithms and/or the extent of necessary infrastructural reinforcement that the grid operators must incorporate.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-02-07","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7f96f241-8057-49fa-b2c5-85c8ccd305a9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7f96f241-8057-49fa-b2c5-85c8ccd305a9","Analysis of Magnetic Field Emissions in Inductive Power Transfer EV Chargers Following Reference Designs in SAE J2954/2019","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper aims to investigate the radiated magnetic field by 11 kW inductive power transfer (IPT) systems used for the charging of electric vehicles. Two reference designs suggested by SAE J2954 are studied. Both designs are analysed to obtain the coils winding currents, and 3D FEM models are built in COMSOL without considering the car chassis, which constitutes a conservative approach. The magnetic field intensity at specific distances from the IPT coupler are calculated. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the respective magnetic field limits defined in the international standards SAE J2954, IEC 61980-1 and ICNIRP. The results show that the magnetic field radiations at 10 meters points are significantly lower than the limits established in the SAE J2954, while the emissions at 0.9 meters points are only slightly below the limits defined by ICNIRP.","inductive power transfer; magnetic field radiation; reference designs; SAE J2954; ICNIRP; IPT standards","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-03-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:58eae467-9c59-46dc-88fa-ab4a134fd31d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:58eae467-9c59-46dc-88fa-ab4a134fd31d","Acoustic Noise Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Electric Vehicle Application","Son, Changbum (Student TU Delft); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper analyses the electromagnetic resulted acoustic noise of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). The influences of electromagnetic nonlinearity, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) and motor frame on the acoustic noise are considered. A finite element model is used to extract the look up tables (LUTs) of flux linkage and air gap electromagnetic force distributions as functions of rotor positions and excitation currents. Based on the generated LUTs, an electrical dynamic model is used to simulate stator current and air gap electromagnetic force waveforms considering PWM. Simulated forces are fed to a lumped parameter mechanical model to predict the acoustic noise of the IPMSM in a wide operation range. In the end, a structural method and a PWM based method are proposed to reduce the noise level of the IPMSM. Simulation results show changing the frame thickness and adopting a different PWM method can effectively mitigate the noisy operating points.","acoustic noise; interior permanent magnet ma-chine; pulse width modulation; vibration","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-02-28","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:140bb213-4295-417d-a07b-fa0c606ca85b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:140bb213-4295-417d-a07b-fa0c606ca85b","Design of Misalignment Tolerant Control for an Inductive Charger with V2G Possibilities","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Since the power transfer efficiency in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems is directly related to the coupling of the transformer, coil misalignment can drastically decrease the efficiency. In this paper a misalignment tolerant control scheme is proposed which tracks the maximum power transfer efficiency point under misalignment. It does this by matching the impedance of the load with respect to the transformer based on an online coupling factor estimation, as well as tracking the resonance of the system. The control scheme is implemented on a series-series compensated system and designed such that it can be operated bidirectionally in the future, however this is not in the scope of this paper. The proposed control results in an overall efficiency improvement of 5% and 23% under 0 and 8 cm misalignment, respectively, compared to a constant rectifier output voltage of 48V.","V2G; bidirectional; inductive power transfer; misalignment; tolerant","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6bd0fae4-ebc1-4459-89dd-f89f84d9592d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6bd0fae4-ebc1-4459-89dd-f89f84d9592d","Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Inductive Power Transfer Employing Variable Compensation Capacitance for Optimum Load Matching","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In inductive power transfer applications, it is possible to ensure high efficiency of the main coils by operating at the optimum load. Since the optimum load depends on the coupling between the main coils, the operation needs to be adapted to match this case at different alignment conditions. This paper proposes a method to keep the optimum load constant by varying the natural resonant frequency of both the primary and secondary circuits of a S-S compensation network. This is possible by changing the value of the compensation capacitors at different alignments. This strategy differs from the ones found in the literature, where the input and the output voltage are changed to always match the optimum load. The proposed concept is proven through circuit simulations of an 11 kW EV battery charging system, and several strategies for the implementation of the variable capacitance are discussed.","Electric vehicles; inductive power transfer; optimum load matching; variable capacitance; wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-05-18","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:3e6e0381-cff3-4b37-b5d3-65a491b162b7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3e6e0381-cff3-4b37-b5d3-65a491b162b7","Energy Storage Sizing and Location in Distribution Networks Considering Overall Grid Performance","Stecca, M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) are promising solutions for mitigating the technical problems created by high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution grids. This paper presents a methodology for the ESS sizing and placement within the distribution networks. Those are found through an optimization routine that considers the impact of the use of storage on voltage regulation and system losses. Several scenarios, varying the load and PV panels power, are investigated. In addition, the impact on the energy storage requirements of a basic residential self-consumption scheme is evaluated. The proposed method has demonstrated to be effective in determining the ESS size in the studied scenarios. Furthermore, the results show that the location that requires the lowest ESS rating does not necessarily offer satisfactory performances in terms of losses reduction and voltage control. Also, the paper shows that by encouraging residential users to self-consume the energy produced by the PV panels installed in their house, the grids ESS requirements can be significantly reduced.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:66eb6cd3-3b08-460b-80d2-9649ccd27cd1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:66eb6cd3-3b08-460b-80d2-9649ccd27cd1","Power Flow Decoupling Controller for Triple Active Bridge Based on Fourier Decomposition of Transformer Currents","Purgat, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper proposes a power flows decoupling controller for the triple active bridge converter. The controller is based on a full-order continuous-time model of the TAB converter derived using the generalized average modelling (GAM) technique. GAM uses the Fourier series expansion to decompose the state-space variables into two components, which represent the active power and the reactive power. The controller uses the active power components of the transformer currents to decouple the active power flows between converter ports. Additionally, the implementation of the decoupling controller in the digital domain is detailed in the paper. The decoupling performance of the proposed controller is validated in a hardware experiment.","control; dc microgrid; decoupling; Fourier series; power flow control","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b7f6f930-1d71-4b3d-a109-30add01d1f76","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b7f6f930-1d71-4b3d-a109-30add01d1f76","Quality factor based design guideline for optimized inductive power transfer","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","In high-power wireless battery charging that uses inductive power transfer, a considerable amount of power losses are located in the transmitter and receiver coils because they carry high resonant currents and typically have a loose coupling between them which increases eddy current losses. Therefore, the nominal operation needs to be chosen such that the coils' losses are minimized. Additionally, the inverter's semiconductors soft-switching improves both the power conversion efficiency and the electromagnetic compatibility of the system, thus it needs to be safeguarded for a wide operating range. However, depending on the chosen quality factor of the coils, it might happen that the minimum coils' losses and soft-switching are not satisfied at the same time. This paper defines a guideline on the parametric selection of the coils' quality factor such that the optimum operation of both the coils and the resonant converter can be achieved simultaneously. This parametric guideline is proposed for resonant converters implementing the four basic compensation networks: series-series, series-parallel, parallel-series, and parallel-parallel. Finally, circuit examples are provided for an 11 kW wireless battery charging system.","Compensation networks; EV battery charging; Inductive power transfer; Quality factor; Wireless charging","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1516060c-47f8-4a08-87cb-e656f1e80a34","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1516060c-47f8-4a08-87cb-e656f1e80a34","Detection of Metallic Foreign Objects and Electric Vehicles Using Auxiliary Coil Sets for Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Systems","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","This paper proposes a new method of electric vehicles detection (EVD) and foreign objects detection (FOD) for dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems. The proposed detection method applies both passive coil sets (PCSs) and active coil sets (ACSs) to achieve both EVD and FOD with a high detection sensitivity. The operation mechanisms and design of the detection coil sets topology and resonant circuits are elaborated. Finally, both circuit and magnetic field simulation are carried out. The results verify the feasibility and sensitivity of the proposed detection method.","dynamic inductive power transfer; electric vehicles detection; foreign objects detection; resonant circuits","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-01-30","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:080940eb-4bf6-4dbc-92ab-76cc787c87b2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:080940eb-4bf6-4dbc-92ab-76cc787c87b2","On the Importance of Tracking the Negative-Sequence Phase-Angle in Three-Phase Inverters with Double Synchronous Reference Frame Current Control","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2020","A voltage imbalance at the AC terminals of a three-phase inverter creates a ripple in the power signal on the DC side. In order to minimize this ripple, several techniques can be applied, in which a double Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) current control structure is very typical. In this approach, both the positive and negative sequence currents are controlled. This technique has been shown to have an adequate response against imbalances; however, this paper shows that in the typical implementation of the double SRF control, the output AC pq instantaneous powers will have a constant error due to the phase-angle misalignment of the negative sequence with the positive sequence. Based on mathematical formulations and simulation results, this paper shows that this AC-power error exists, and that it is due to the above reason. In order to overcome this, this paper proposes to have a phase-tracking system that specifically follows the negative sequence phase-angle. The results show that this implementation is able to properly control the output AC power.","Converter; double Synchronous Reference Frame; Dual current control; Negative sequence; Phase-Locked Loop","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Virtual/online event due to COVID-19","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:a5df816b-6086-43d8-b22d-3e62c8b9b441","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5df816b-6086-43d8-b22d-3e62c8b9b441","Power Electronic Topologies of Drag Power Kites","Bauer, Florian (Technical University of Munich); Börngen, Hannes (Technical University of Munich); Kennel, Ralph M. (Technical University of Munich)","","2019","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:222bb71a-1f9a-4f42-9048-eff06b6fa561","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:222bb71a-1f9a-4f42-9048-eff06b6fa561","Online parameter estimation of PMSM in EV powertrain Including thermal measurements","Zwartbol, Arnout (Student TU Delft); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Polinder, H. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics)","","2019","This paper proposes an online motor-parameter-estimator for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain. The proposed method uses a recursive least squares filter approach in combination with the discrete time dynamic voltage equations. Stator resistance estimation is decoupled from the estimator using thermal measurements. Compared to conventional approach, the proposed method is more reliable and less noisy since it does not rely on the low contribution of stator resistance in the voltage equation. Both simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the proposed method. A sensitivity analysis shows the approach is robust against rotor position error.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:dc1ecc13-eb2d-4b5e-9000-005c6e171f5f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc1ecc13-eb2d-4b5e-9000-005c6e171f5f","Metrology for Inductive Charging of Electric Vehicles (MICEV)","Zucca, Mauro (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica); Bottauscio, Oriano (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica); Harmon, Stuart (National Physical Laboratory); Guilizzoni, Roberta (National Physical Laboratory); Schilling, Florian (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt); Schmidt, Matthias (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt); Ankarson, Peter (Research Institutes of Sweden RISE); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","The European Union funded project MICEV aims at improving the traceability of electrical and magnetic measurement at charging stations and to better assess the safety of this technology with respect to human exposure. The paper describes some limits of the instrumentation used for electrical measurements in the charging stations, and briefly presents two new calibration facilities for magnetic field meters and electric power meters. Modeling approaches for the efficiency and human exposure assessment are proposed. In the latter case, electromagnetic computational codes have been combined with dosimetric computational codes making use of highly detailed human anatomical phantoms in order to establish human exposure modeling real charging stations. Detailed results are presented for light vehicles where, according to our calculations, the concern towards human exposure is limited. Currently, the project has reached half way point (about 18 months) and will end in August 2020.","Dosimetry; Energy efficiency; Inductive charging; Magnetic fields; Metrology; Safety","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-19","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:cdaa5062-9a7b-4580-959f-10539560efcf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdaa5062-9a7b-4580-959f-10539560efcf","Number of Levels, Arm Inductance and Modulation Trade-offs for High Power Medium Voltage Grid-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","There is an increasing focus on integrating flexible dc links for bulk power routing in medium voltage distribution grids. In such applications, the ac-dc Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) devised for medium voltage and high-power ratings can be an interesting choice. This paper highlights some less explored design trade-offs arising due to the limitation on N in relation to modulation frequency and arm inductance. Specifically, the study intends to describe the interdependent influence of each degree of freedom on several aspects such as capacitor voltage balancing, circulating currents and harmonic performance. Finally, the importance of considering interhar-monies in the performance assessment of the MMC instead of the conventional interpretation of distortion calculation is highlighted.","Capacitor voltage balancing; Circulating current; Design steps; Grid-connected; Harmonic performance; Optimal submodules","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:0fecad0d-54e6-4f73-afdc-776e61f26c9b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fecad0d-54e6-4f73-afdc-776e61f26c9b","Zero Sequence Currents Externally Circulating between the Back to Back Modular Multilevel Converters in Parallel AC-DC Distribution Links","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","During the operation of a three line ac link in parallel with a ac-dc-ac link system that employs Back-to-Back (B2B)Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), a path for the low frequency zero sequence currents is shown to exist. Apart from causing additional losses, these currents can result in limitations on power capacity. A detailed analysis on the influence of cell capacitance, arm inductance and link conductor length on the circulating zero sequence currents and the means to mitigate them through a simulated control strategy is investigated. The simulations show that the dc link employing B2B-MMC can successfully operate in parallel with ac link without transformer isolation by controlling the zero sequence currents.","AC/DC converter; Circulating current control; Common dc and ac buses; Common mode current; Parallel connected; Zero-sequence circulating current","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:1307aef3-331a-4814-8126-09ee0eae1359","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1307aef3-331a-4814-8126-09ee0eae1359","Chamulteon: Coordinated Auto-Scaling of Micro-Services","Bauer, André (University of Würzburg); Lesch, Veronika (University of Würzburg); Versluis, L.F.D. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Ilyushkin, A.S. (TU Delft Dataintensive Systems); Herbst, Nikolas (University of Würzburg); Kounev, Samuel (University of Würzburg)","Guerrero, J.E. (editor)","2019","Nowadays, in order to keep track of the fast-changing requirements of Internet applications, auto-scaling is used as an essential mechanism for adapting the number of provisioned resources to the resource demand. The straightforward approach is to deploy a set of common and opensource single-service auto-scalers for each service independently. However, this deployment leads to problems such as bottleneckshifting and increased oscillations. Existing auto-scalers that scale applications consisting of multiple services are kept closed-source. To face these challenges, we first survey existing auto-scalers and highlight current challenges. Then, we introduce Chamulteon, a redesign of our previously introduced mechanism, which can scale applications consisting of multiple services in a coordinated manner. We evaluate Chamulteon against four different wellcited auto-scalers in four sets of measurement-based experiments where we use diverse environments (VM vs. Docker), real-world traces, and vary the scale of the demanded resources. Overall, Chamulteon achieves the best auto-scaling performance based on established user-oriented and endorsed elasticity metrics.","Auto-Scaling; Benchmarking; Cloud Computing; Container; Elasticity; Metrics; Service Demand Estimation; Workload Forecasting","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","Dataintensive Systems","","",""
"uuid:ba9ff312-9c9c-41cf-b9cf-fc74a64c337d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ba9ff312-9c9c-41cf-b9cf-fc74a64c337d","Survey on Standards and Regulations for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In the next decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) for private use is predicted to increase considerably. Charging the EVs through wireless power transfer (WPT), i.e. wireless charging, has the potential to shorten charging duration of EVs batteries through dynamic charging and it would also improve the safety of static charging in case of wet weather conditions. From 2015, standards and regulations have been released such that common constraints can be defined. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of these regulations before designing an EV wireless charging system, such that it can become an actual application. This paper focuses on the available regulations and standards on EVs charging through WPT. These regulations are explained individually and then, they are compared and discussed mainly in terms of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and exposure of humans to the radiated magnetic field limits. To gain a better understanding, a quantitative and qualitative interpretation of these limits is also given.","Electric Vehicles; Electromagnetic compatibility; Electromagnetic field human exposure; Regulations; Standards; Wireless Power Transfer","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-02-19","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e547d269-d901-426c-a879-6dd1a5c9011a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e547d269-d901-426c-a879-6dd1a5c9011a","Comparison of Optimized Chargepads for Wireless EV Charging Application","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Inductive power transfer (IPT) is becoming increasingly popular in stationary electric vehicle charging systems. In this paper, the influence of the different IPT coupler geometries on the performance factors efficiency, power density, misalignment tolerance, and stray field is studied. Five different cou-pler topologies namely the circular, rectangular, double-D (DD-DD) and the double-D transmitter with double-D-Quadrature receiver (DD-DDQ) are considered in this study. The electromagnetic behavior of the couplers is modeled using three-dimensional finite element analysis. To ensure a fair quantitative comparison, a multi-objective optimization framework is developed to analyze the Pareto trade-offs between conflicting performance metrics like power densities, efficiencies, and misalignment tolerance for all the considered coupler topologies.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:224439cd-0a0c-4a9d-ba5f-fcdc8f30def4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:224439cd-0a0c-4a9d-ba5f-fcdc8f30def4","Output Impedance Modelling and Sensitivity Study of Grid-Feeding Inverters with Dual Current Control","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In this paper, the output impedance of a three-phase inverter based on a dual current control (also called double synchronous reference frame current control) is modelled, which includes: the current loop gain, the control delay, and the Phase-
Locked Loop (PLL). The impact of these parameters on the impedance is then analysed by a sensitivity study. The model is derived using transfer matrices and complex transfer functions, and it results in a compact impedance formulation that can be used in harmonic small-signal stability studies and system-wide steady-state harmonic calculations.","Double synchronous reference frame; Dual current control; Impedance; Inverter; Small-signal model","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:62b1ac94-b8b2-4179-89d5-b78143f9de60","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:62b1ac94-b8b2-4179-89d5-b78143f9de60","Design, modelling and evaluation of a GaN based motor drive for a solar car","Wang, Lu (Student TU Delft); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In recent years, electrical vehicle (EV) starts showing its unique advantages that the conventional combustion vehicles do not have. Together with the increasing interests on EV, the motor drive with higher efficiency and lighter weight also becomes more attractive. A promising solution is to apply the wide band gap (WBG) components including gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) in the motor drive. Thus, the performance of the GaN, SiC and Si based motor drive in this application are compared. Besides, as the current maximum current rating of the GaN and SiC MOSFET is limited and insufficient to satisfy the large phase current in the acceleration and braking process, the inverter topology that adds the parallel MOSFETs in one position is considered. To reduce the time and cost for the development, this paper proposes the modelling of the motor drive, with which the voltage and current stress, power loss, thermal and electromagnetic performance can all be evaluated. The modelling to be introduced consists of the 1-D power loss, simplified thermal modelling of the motor drive and the 3-D modelling of the electromagnetic performance, detailed thermal performance of the motor drive. In the 3-D modelling, to make the heat transfer simulation closer to the realistic, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is used to evaluated the heat transfer coefficient on the surface with forced air-cooling.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:bdde9a37-f249-4ec6-8d61-b7f17f41b3cc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bdde9a37-f249-4ec6-8d61-b7f17f41b3cc","Comparative Study of Foreign Object and Misalignment in Inductive Power Transfer Systems","Shi, W. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","This paper aims to identify the difference between foreign object (FO) and misalignment in terms of their influence on inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. This is performed through magnetic and equivalent circuit analysis of the mutual inductance, primary input impedance, charging pad terminal impedance and current harmonics. Experiment measurements on an IPT prototype are carried out to verify the analysis. It is found that: the charging pad terminal impedance under FO condition has a more pronounced decrement than that of misalignment; the mutual inductance under FO condition shows negative correlation with frequency, while positive for misalignment; the absolute value of the input impedance is decreased by FO and increased by misalignment; the influence of FO and misalignment on the THD of the input current is minimal. Finally, it is possible to detect FO and distinguish it from misalignment, through the variation of the primary pad terminal inductance, as well as the frequency dependence of the primary input impedance and the mutual inductance.","current harmonics; foreign objects; inductive power transfer; misalignment; wireless power transfer","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:364e68f9-3e6e-4b70-a48d-ca6606f14543","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:364e68f9-3e6e-4b70-a48d-ca6606f14543","Sliding mode control with neural network for active magnetic bearing system","Cao, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; Southeast University); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Wani, F.M. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Polinder, H. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Peng, Fei (Southeast University); Huang, Yunkai (Southeast University)","","2019","A novel controller design procedure is proposed for a 5-degree-of-freedom (DOF) active magnetic bearing (AMB) system, based on sliding mode control (SMC) and neural network (NN). The SMC is used to achieve high robustness and fast response while the NN can compensate unmodeled uncertainty and external disturbance by on-line tuning algorithm. The proposed controller is compared with the well-tuned PID controller by simulations. The simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed controller.","magnetic bearing; neural network; sliding mode control","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-06-09","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b57e196a-9434-4f3e-b4da-29062b49ea06","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b57e196a-9434-4f3e-b4da-29062b49ea06","Voltage Source Converter Control under Distorted Grid Voltage for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Links","Wu, Y. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","Back-To-Back (B2B) Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with AC-side LCL filters can be adopted for parallel AC-DC distribution links. In this paper, Grid-side Current Control (GCC) for the inner/fast control loops of the front- and backend power electronics are implemented in order to enhance the system performance against grid disturbances. Herein, a notch filter-based GCC scheme with a harmonic rejection control is proposed which is able to deliver attenuation to the LCL filter resonances while suppressing the harmonics in the grid-side currents originated when the AC voltages are distorted. The results obtained in MATLAB/SIMULINK and an experimental prototype show that the studied GCC method can successfully mitigate the influence of grid voltage harmonics, while providing a stable power control for the hybrid AC-DC distribution links.","electric current control; invertors; notch filters; power control; power convertors; power electronics; power filters; power grids; power harmonic filters; voltage control; voltage source converter control; distorted grid voltage; hybrid AC-DC distribution links; AC-side LCL filters; parallel AC-DC distribution links; grid-side current control; front- backend power electronics; grid disturbances; notch filter-based GCC scheme; harmonic rejection control; LCL filter resonances; grid-side currents; AC voltages; grid voltage harmonics; Voltage control; Harmonic analysis; Damping; Frequency control; Current control; Resonant frequency; Pulse width modulation; Grid-side current control; notch filter; harmonic rejection","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:95ebeae6-a4a2-4c58-96b2-037dd27dd6f7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:95ebeae6-a4a2-4c58-96b2-037dd27dd6f7","Advantages and Tuning of Zero Voltage Switching in a Wireless Power Transfer System","Grazian, F. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","In charging applications, wireless power transfer (WPT) is mostly used in the form of inductive power transfer with magnetic resonant coupling. Therefore, both the transmitter and the receiver coils are combined with capacitors, such that only active power is transferred. To evaluate the operation of the WPT charging system, its equivalent circuit can be analyzed in the frequency domain. However, this is limiting since the H-bridge inverter operation is not intrinsically considered. As an example, the operating points of both zero current switching (ZCS) and zero voltage switching (ZVS) operations might be still analyzed, but it is not possible to assess their performance in terms of efficiency. In this paper, the advantage of ZVS over the ZCS is evaluated in terms of the efficiency and the delivered output power. To enable the full potential of ZVS, this is tuned considering the switch capacitance and the dead time.","Efficiency; Inverter control; wireless power transfer (WPT); zero current switching (ZCS); zero voltage switching (ZVS)","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:b17f8b3f-9c44-48be-90e3-ab494e596c54","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b17f8b3f-9c44-48be-90e3-ab494e596c54","Solar Powered E-Bike Charging Station with AC, DC and Contactless Charging","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van Duijsen, P.J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Velzeboer, Tim (Student TU Delft); Ganesan Nair, Gireesh (Student TU Delft); Zhao, Yunpeng (Student TU Delft); Isabella, O. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Jamodkar, A.; Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2018","Charging electric vehicles from solar energy provides a sustainable means of transportation. This paper shows the design of solar powered e-bike charging station that provides AC, DC and contactless charging of e-bikes. The DC charger allows direct DC charging of the e-bike from the DC power of the photovoltaic panels (PV) without the need for an external AC charger adapter. In case of the contactless charger, the bike can be charged without the use of any cables providing maximum convenience to the user. Finally, the charging station has an integrated battery that allows for both grid-connected and off-grid operation","","en","conference paper","EPE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-01","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:25e2fc31-5258-4a19-8d6b-c35490b55c92","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:25e2fc31-5258-4a19-8d6b-c35490b55c92","Thermal Modelling and Experimental Validation for Research on Medium Voltage DC Cables","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Feng, X. (The University of Texas at Austin); Hebner, R. (The University of Texas at Austin); Gattozzi, A. (The University of Texas at Austin); Strank, S. (The University of Texas at Austin); Mor, A. R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage; The University of Texas at Austin)","","2018","The thermal behavior of medium voltage dc cables can find useful applications for efficient and capacity enhanced operation in cities as well as compact power transmission on all electric ships. Concepts such as dynamic current and voltage rating, difference in thermal proximity in ac and dc operation, pulsed load application and thermal degradation with enhanced dc voltage; all are interlaced with the crucial temperature profile of insulated conductors. This paper develops a theoretical thermal model to highlight the possibility of dynamic current rating with pulsed loads. Further, a novel idea of imposing a thermal profile on cables for dc partial discharge testing is discussed. For this purpose a heat transfer model for a segmented cable is developed and experimentally validated.","Power cables; Conductors; Cable shielding; Thermal conductivity; Power cable insulation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:defff1b3-c211-4899-9eea-dea8974c8d28","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:defff1b3-c211-4899-9eea-dea8974c8d28","AC Distribution Grid Reconfiguration using Flexible DC Link Architecture for Increasing Power Delivery Capacity during (n-1) Contingency","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Kontos, E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","A practical issue faced by today's ac grid is the rapidly growing power demand on its aging infrastructure. One possibility to maximize the capacity of the existing infrastructure is to refurbish the ac links to operate under dc conditions using modular multilevel converters. In this paper, the idea is applied to restructure an actual medium voltage distribution system. Further, a systematic reconfiguration strategy is proposed to maintain high power delivery capacity even during (n-1) contingency. Contingency analysis is carried out for faults in different system components of the distribution grid. Towards this goal, novel concepts such as reconfigurable switch, dc link converter bypass and flexible dc to ac operational transition are proposed.","breakers; capacity enhancement; contingencies; dc links; distribution; flexible; medium voltage; reconfiguration; switch minimization; system faults","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:5fa3148d-d2ff-4182-8ce7-7fbc676a716b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5fa3148d-d2ff-4182-8ce7-7fbc676a716b","Optimal System Design for a Solar Powered EV Charging Station","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Charging electric vehicles (EV) from photovoltaic (PV) panels provides a sustainable mode of transportation. In order to reduce the net costs of charging EV from PV and the grid, the PV generation and/or the EV charging can be controlled based on the energy prices in the grid. The traditional approach to designing the solar system for EV charging is to maximize the energy yield. In this paper, an alternate approach to PV system design is proposed by which the PV panels are orientated so as to maximize the PV revenue. This technique is compared with that of reducing the net costs by smart charging of the EV based on energy prices. Two case studies for Netherlands and Texas are done to compare the PV energy generated and the net cost of EV charging from PV based on the two techniques.","Electric vehicle charging; Azimuth; Sun; Employment; Photovoltaic systems","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2019-03-02","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6c3a7738-36b8-4ff0-a074-43821f6087d6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6c3a7738-36b8-4ff0-a074-43821f6087d6","Reliability, Efficiency and Cost Trade-offs for Medium Voltage Distribution Network Expansion using Refurbished AC-DC Reconfigurable Links","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","Binder, A. (editor); Del Pizzo, A. (editor); Miki, I. (editor)","2018","The role of MVDC links for distribution network expansion is important. The distribution network operators (DNOs) can maximize the power transfer capacity of existing grid infrastructure during (n-1] contingencies using reconfigurable parallel ac-dc architecture. In addition this concept involves a range of efficiency, reliability and economic trade-offs. The object of this paper is to present a discussion on the emerging choices involved in adopting a parallel ac-dc reconfigurable link architecture in designing future and flexible power grids.","Dc links; Distribution networks; Flexible; Grid expansion; Medium voltage; MVDC; Parallel ac-dc; Power router; Reconfigurable; Reconfiguration; Refurbishing","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:27b0fee9-1e2a-4273-99ae-11c5397e3e38","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:27b0fee9-1e2a-4273-99ae-11c5397e3e38","Determining Relation between Size of Polarized Inductive Couplers and Nominal Airgap","Bandyopadhyay, S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Dong, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Inductive power transfer (IPT) is gaining popularity across a wide range of battery charging applications like biomedical, consumer electronics and electric vehicle (EV) charging. One of the major challenges in designing IPT charge pads is determining the optimal physical sizes of the magnetic couplers resulting in efficient power transfer and low cost of materials. In EV applications, it is especially difficult due to the variation in nominal air gap, required power levels associated with different vehicle classes, and charging locations that may be encountered. This paper aims to determine the relationship between optimal coupler sizes and the nominal air gap of an IPT system. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to model the electromagnetic behavior of the magnetic couplers. A multi-objective optimization framework is built to reveal the Pareto fronts which show the trade-offs between the power transfer efficiencies and the coupler power densities at different air gaps. This method is applied on polarized double-D (DD) couplers for a 5 kW IPT system at different air gaps. Analyzing the power densities of the Pareto Optimal designs an approximate relation between optimal pad sizes and the air gap is derived. Results show that there is an exponential relationship between the optimal coupler sizes and the nominal air gap.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2019-05-08","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2437b955-3606-41f6-9bd6-b9da2c5965c5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2437b955-3606-41f6-9bd6-b9da2c5965c5","Modular Multilevel Converter Performance with Dynamic MVDC Distribution Link Voltage Rating","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Back-to-back Modular multilevel converters (MMC) for medium voltage dc (MVDC) distribution link applications offer exciting opportunities due to its superior harmonic performance and high efficiency. Based on the steady state equations, it is shown that under specific active and reactive power operation, an increase in dc link voltage can be achieved without necessarily increasing the voltage seen by the MMC submodule components. Using steady state loss model, it is proved that the converter operating efficiency can be improved if this concept is applied.","","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:d36c154b-68ab-4111-bda9-0b7272b717a9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d36c154b-68ab-4111-bda9-0b7272b717a9","Suitable Submodule Switch Rating for Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converter Design","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Soeiro, Thiago B. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","Omekanda, A.M. (editor)","2018","An important step in Voltage-Source Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) design is the selection of adequate semiconductor blocking voltage class. This paper highlights that particularly for grid connected medium voltage applications, the choice of suitable switch blocking voltage class is not so straightforward. The market available switch voltage ratings results in a discrete integer relationship for the number of submodules (N) with a fixed dc link voltage. This is shown to introduce interesting design trade-offs in consideration to investment costs, required capacitance for reasonable ripple voltage, submodule redundancy requirements, conduction switching losses. Using the example of a 10 MVA half bridge MMC connected to a 10 kV grid, it is shown that 1.7 kV and 3.3 kV insulated gate bipolar transitors (IGBTs) can be possible choices as compared to 1.2 kV, 4.5 kV and 6.5 kV blocking voltage.","Cascaded cells; Half bridge; High power; IGBT; Medium voltage distribution; Multilevel converter design; MVDC; Number of submodules; Optimum semiconductor voltage level","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:332ff6a3-5019-495c-9674-1e12c844f1ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:332ff6a3-5019-495c-9674-1e12c844f1ae","Type IV Wind Turbine System Impedance Modelling for Harmonic Analysis: On the Use of a Double Synchronous Reference Frame and Notch Filter","Beloqui Larumbe, L. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Qin, Z. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2018","Several efforts are being done nowadays to improve the modelling of Wind Turbine Systems (WTSs) for harmonic analysis in Offshore Wind Power Plants (OWPPs). Due to the high influence of the different control structures in the Power Electronic Converters (PECs) on the dynamic response of a WTS, each structure needs to be modelled specifically. Following these lines, this paper addresses the impedance part of the harmonic model in the case of a double Synchronous Reference Frame control structure. The main focus lies on the correct modelling of one of the main elements of this structure: the notch filter tuned at twice the fundamental frequency. The inclusion or disregard of this notch filter is very important because, as shown in works by other authors, this filter can have a big influence in the shaping of the WTS output impedance and such of the OWPP. However, the modelling procedure for the notch filter followed previously ignores the cross-couplings that this element creates in the αβ frame, which leads to a wrong calculation of the WTS impedance in the lower frequency range. The proper modelling of this notch filter and its implications are detailed in the paper first theoretically and then by numerical simulations.","wind turbine harmonic model; Offshore wind power plants; notch filter; double Synchronous Reference Frame","en","conference paper","Energynautics GmbH","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:9e78aa79-63d5-47f4-9f72-9b49e48c0508","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9e78aa79-63d5-47f4-9f72-9b49e48c0508","Proposal for a EU quality label for aerospace education","Bernelli-Zazzera, Franco (Politecnico di Milano); Angeles, Maria (University of Seville); Prats, Martin (University of Seville); Marulo, Francesco (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); Hanus, Daniel (Czech Technical University); Melkert, J.A. (TU Delft Flight Performance and Propulsion); Guglieri, Giorgio (Politecnico di Torino); Bauer, Pascal (CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA); Pantelaki, Irene (EASN TIS); Wasser, Iring (ASIIN); Deconinck, Herman (von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics); Bosilca, Ruxandra (National Institute of Aerospace Research “ELIE CARAFOLI” - INCAS); Saari, Hanna-Kaisa (Aerospace Valley)","Gherman, B. (editor); Porumbel, I. (editor)","2018","The paper presents a possible roadmap for the definition of a European quality label for aerospace related higher education degrees. The proposal is the result of a two-years long Horizon 2020 project that has involved a great portion of the European stakeholders in aerospace: Universities, research centres, industries (both small and large) networks, associations and accreditation agencies. The core concept established is that it is possible to establish a sector-specific, content based, quality system, that can complement the existing national or European accreditation systems, providing added value to the internal and/or external quality assurance processes that are in place in most EU countries. The tools and processes proposed are sufficiently simple to be manageable by Universities in addition to their national accreditation processes or as stand-alone assessment. The main goal of the proposed process is the evaluation of the quality of the aerospace curricula in the European context, whereas the accreditation of the programme can be seen as an optional extension of the process, subject to further national regulations. The process is proposed in view of the awarding of a sector-specific, content based, quality label, to be issued by an appropriate legally recognized and qualified institution. 8 field tests with volunteering universities throughout Europe have been performed. They experienced the method as very practical and to the point.","aerospace higher education; quality in education; learning outcomes","en","conference paper","Elsevier","","","","","","","","","","Flight Performance and Propulsion","","",""
"uuid:c40f14fc-b4ba-498a-84c4-f2b745b4417b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c40f14fc-b4ba-498a-84c4-f2b745b4417b","Power Curve and Design Optimization of Drag Power Kites","Bauer, Florian (Technical University of Munich); Kennel, Ralp M. (Technical University of Munich); Hackl, Christoph M. (Technical University of Munich); Campagnolo, Filippo (Technical University of Munich); Patt, Michael (Hochschule Kempten); Schmehl, Roland (Delft University of Technology)","","2017","","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:986dfce4-c40d-47d5-8bec-a1e2e0d68ec6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:986dfce4-c40d-47d5-8bec-a1e2e0d68ec6","DC microgrid islands on ships","Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Since shipboard power systems are inherently islanded and consist of energy intensive sources and loads, it is an interesting application for dc microgrids. The object of this paper is to explore the merits of dc based shipboard power distribution as compared to conventional ac solutions. A survey of current initiatives, emerging concepts and design challenges is carried out. Based on the review, insight is offered on different aspects like efficiency, safety, and reliability and their relevant tradeoffs. It will be discussed how the interplay of reliability and availability, driven by the computational cost of optimization and restoration goals, forms the heart of reconfigurability.","Generators; Marine vehicles; Reliability; Turbines; Power system reliability; Propulsion","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:65eb8f3f-d6c7-4e86-b9a5-0cb1727a6ae0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:65eb8f3f-d6c7-4e86-b9a5-0cb1727a6ae0","Understanding the Present and the Future Electricity Needs: Consequences for Design of Future Solar Home Systems for Off-Grid Rural Electrification","den Heeten, Thomas (External organisation); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Diehl, J.C. (TU Delft Design for Sustainability); Verschelling, Jeroen (Kamworks Ltd.); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); Popovic, J. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2017","Solar Home Systems (SHSs) can fulfil the basic energy needs of the globally unelectrified population. With costs as one of the biggest barriers for SHS uptake, optimizing the system size with energy needs is crucial. Where most solutions focus only on the present needs, this work also addresses the future energy needs. The methodology includes extensive mapping of the current electricity needs in rural Cambodia through data analysis on existing SHSs in the field. Additionally, a 2-month field research was carried out in Cambodia to assess the qualitative state of electricity usage and investigate the future (2021) energy needs. A data analysis was performed on 111 SHSs (100 Wp, 1200 Wh).
SHS users were found to have a mean energy consumption of 310 Wh/day, with σ = 159 Wh. Most energy was consumed at night. The field research showed a clear demand for more energy and more appliances. The appliances attached to SHS in the future will be more diverse in power consumption and usage duration, resulting in a wide variety of energy consumption and high power peaks, causing fast and deep battery discharges. Three load profiles are presented. Solutions are discussed that can be applied to ensure the SHSs fit with future energy needs.","energy consumption; energy matching; load profile; low-income countries; solar home system; rural electrification","en","conference paper","Cape Peninsula University of Technology","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:720f2c1d-8556-4182-b679-7e00fe30e68a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:720f2c1d-8556-4182-b679-7e00fe30e68a","Real Time Selective Detection of Experimentally Generated DC Series Arcs","Liu, Zhihao (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Localization of series arc faults in dc microgrids is an important requirement to guarantee operational safety and uninterrupted power to end users. In the previous EPE-ECCE proceeding, a theoretical proof was provided for the selective series arc detection using a novel algorithm. In the current paper, the concept is validated by showcasing real time localized detection when series arc is initiated between point of common coupling and one of the parallel loads. Experiments are repeated several times to gain statistical significance to account for the stochastic nature of the arcing phenomenon.","Resistance; Voltage measurement; Inductance; Real-time systems; Threshold voltage; Capacitance; Europe","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:e795bc8d-8edb-45b2-bd39-6997f6bc32ad","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e795bc8d-8edb-45b2-bd39-6997f6bc32ad","Future of Electric Vehicle Charging","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EV) will be the key factor for ensuring a smooth transition to e-mobility. This paper focuses on five technologies that will play a fundamental role in this regard: smart charging, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), charging of EVs from photovoltaic panels (PV), contactless charging and on-road charging of EVs. Smart charging of EVs is expected to enable larger penetration of EVs and renewable energy, lower the charging cost and offer better utilization of the grid infrastructure. Bidirectional EV chargers will pave the way for V2G technology where the EV can be used for energy arbitrage and demand-side management. Solar charging of EV will result in sustainable transportation and use of the EV battery as PV storage. On the other hand, stationary contactless charging and on-road inductive charging of EV will remove the necessity for any cables, eliminate range anxiety issues and pave the way for automated driving. The electromagnetic and power converter design for contactless power transfer systems for future highways is reviewed in this paper.","Charging; contactless power transfer; electric vehicles; smart charging; solar energy; vehicle-to-grid","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:7194f2b4-ca32-439b-9572-1076a4b42993","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7194f2b4-ca32-439b-9572-1076a4b42993","Characterization of Series Arcs in LVdc Microgrids","Liu, Zhihao (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2017","This paper provides an empirical study on series arc behavior in low voltage dc microgrids. The response of an R-L-C dc microgrid abstraction towards series arcs is studied experimentally for varying grid inductance, dc voltages, load capacitances and load currents. In order to account for the stochastic nature of arcs, experiments are repeated multiple times under similar conditions to gain statistical significance. Thereby, insight on percentage occurrence and burn time of initiated series arcs is provided. Load side voltage response is studied to gain insight on the expected peak drop and fall time. This empirical evidence was judged to be a necessary requirement in developing a novel series arc extinguishing method from load side power electronic devices.","arc characteristics; arcing; dc arc; dc microgrid; protection; series arc","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:85913c20-849d-4ae6-99ee-1686587c3a0a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:85913c20-849d-4ae6-99ee-1686587c3a0a","Green energy based inductive Self-Healing highways of the future","Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Scheele, Natalia (Student TU Delft); Visser, Erwin (Student TU Delft); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design)","","2016","This paper deals with a green energy highway in the Netherlands. Here, the development of electric mobility and self-driving cars is introduced. The ideas of wireless power integration with green energy technologies - solar and wind is considered. In case of wind energy, conventional turbines and bladeless vortex are considered as options. Solaroads along the emergency lanes are also investigated. A Dutch highway A12 is considered as a case study and sizing of these energy sources for electric mobility is considered. A grid power demand profile is considered and number of EVs that can be charged hourly is calculated. A preliminary investigation of the combination of IPT and Self-Healing roads is considered in this study.","Asphalt; Roads; State of charge; Electric Vehicles; Green products","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:4da9682c-b6d8-465f-a160-121fc0bcdc12","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4da9682c-b6d8-465f-a160-121fc0bcdc12","Comparison of PV-Battery Architectures for Residential Applications","Sulaeman, Ilman (External organisation); Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Narayan, N.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","The paper provides a comparison of four PV-battery architectures with dc and ac backbones, in terms of autarky, energy efficiency, battery size and reduction of annual electricity cost. The comparison is conducted based on the residential load and irradiation data from the Netherlands. The effect of different PV generation is also analyzed by comparing the results with irradiation data from Costa Rica. The results show that the ac coupled architecture gives the best performance.","Radiation effects","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:45493fb4-9e7a-4e02-b961-7675e201c5a6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:45493fb4-9e7a-4e02-b961-7675e201c5a6","Economic and CO2 Emission Benefits of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Workplaces in the Netherlands","Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Leendertse, Mark (Student TU Delft); Prasanth, V. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Silvester, S. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); van de Geer, S.G. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy)","","2016","The paper analyses the economic and environmental benefits of charging electric vehicles (EV) at workplaces in the Netherlands using photovoltaic panels (PV). A 10kW EV-PV charging system is used to charge the electric cars directly from photovoltaic panels. The cost of using a gasoline vehicle is compared with that of an electric vehicle that is charged from the grid or from solar panels. It is found that charging EV from PV results in huge savings in fuel cost, taxes and lower CO2 emissions. A comparison is made for solar panels installed on rooftops and as a solar carport and the impact of feed-in tariffs on PV generation revenues is evaluated.","Petroleum; Automobiles; Employment; Finance; Electric vehicles","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:2cd92427-b9fa-4d0d-8e83-54164cfaecb4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2cd92427-b9fa-4d0d-8e83-54164cfaecb4","Using dedicated EV charging areas to resolve grid violations caused by renewable energy generation","Vasan Ashok, Vijay; Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); van der Burgt, Jos (DNV-GL); Peýate Vera, Santiago (DNV-GL); Huibers, Martijn (DNV-GL); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","EV Charging is expected to be a significant load on the grid in the future. But they can also be a part of the solution to grid violations. As the amount of renewable energy generation increases, there is a large amount of power flowing in the reverse direction in the distribution network, which is undesirable. To reduce this, EVs can charge at strategically located “Grid Management Parking Lots”. Here the EV charging power level varies in accordance with the amount of capacity available in the grid. This is a win-win situation for both parties, the grid operator and the EV owner, as the grid operator reduces the amount of violations in the grid and the EV owner has his/her vehicle charged sooner.","Heuristic algorithms; Mathematical model; Linear programming; Automobiles; Renewable energy sources; Algorithm design and analysis; Integer linear programming","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:6f15adbe-c656-4b1e-af21-1e685e70531b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6f15adbe-c656-4b1e-af21-1e685e70531b","Review of residential PV-storage architectures","Vega Garita, V.E. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2016","This paper focuses on the most common PV-storage architectures that are designed for residential applications and that incorporate storage devices like batteries, hydrogen systems, supercapacitors, and flywheels. The main motivations and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the architectures are presented. Moreover, some common approaches to performing intelligent power management are introduced.