Coupled Marchenko equations for electromagnetic Green’s function retrieval and imaging

Recently a new theory has been developed to retrieve a wavefield generated by a source on the surface and recorded at a point in the subsurface without the need for a receiver at that subsurface location. The scheme is presented for three-dimensional wavefields. It decomposes the electromagnetic field in up- and downgoing electric fields and in...

Green's function retrieval with Marchenko equations: A sensitivity analysis

Recent research showed that the Marchenko equation can be used to construct the Green’s function for a virtual source position in the subsurface. The method requires the reflection response at the surface and an estimate of the direct arrival of the wavefield, traveling from the virtual source location to the acquisition surface. In this paper,...

A method to suppress spurious multiples in virtual-source gathers retrieved using seismic interferometry with reflection data

Seismic interferometry applied to surface reflection data (with source and receivers at the surface) allows to retrieve virtual-source gathers at the position of receivers, where no source was shot. As a result of the crosscorrelation of all primary and multiple reflections, the virtual-source gathers contain retrieved physical reflections as...

New method for discriminating 4D time shifts in the overburden and reservoirr

Understanding seismic changes in the subsurface is important for reservoir management and health, safety and environmental (HSE) issues. Typically the changes are interpreted based on the time shifts in seismic time-lapse (4D) data, where sources are at the surface and receivers are either at the surface or in a borehole. With these types of...