Temperature-Dependent Interplay between Structural and Charge Carrier Dynamics in CsMAFA-Based Perovskites

State-of-the-art triple cation, mixed halide perovskites are extensively studied in perovskite solar cells, showing very promising performance and stability. However, an in-depth fundamental understanding of how the phase behavior in Cs_0.05FA_0.85MA_0.10Pb(I_0.97Br_0.03)₃ (CsMAFA)...

Vacuum Deposited Perovskites with a Controllable Crystal Orientation

The preferential orientation of the perovskite (PVK) is typically accomplished by manipulation of the mixed cation/halide composition of the solution used for wet processing. However, for PVKs grown by thermal evaporation, this has been rarely addressed. It is unclear how variation in crystal orientation affects the optoelectronic properties of...

Charge Carrier Dynamics in Co-evaporated MAPbI₃with a Gradient in Composition

Co-evaporation of metal halide perovskites by thermal evaporation is an attractive method since it does not require harmful solvents and enables precise control of the film thickness. Furthermore, the ability to manipulate the Fermi level allows the formation of a graded homojunction, providing interesting opportunities to improve the charge...

Perovskite solar cells with embedded homojunction via nonuniform metal ion doping

A long photoluminescence decay lifetime has been regarded as a generic indication of long charge carrier recombination lifetime in semiconductors such as metal halide perovskites (MHPs), which have shown tremendous success in solar cells. Here, we report that MHP polycrystalline films with extrinsic metal ions have a very long charge...

Seasonal behaviour of tidal damping and residual water level slope in the Yangtze River estuary: Identifying the critical position and river discharge for maximum tidal damping

As a tide propagates into the estuary, river discharge affects tidal damping, primarily via a friction term, attenuating tidal motion by increasing the quadratic velocity in the numerator, while reducing the effective friction by increasing the water depth in the denominator. For the first time, we demonstrate a third effect of river discharge...

High charge-carrier mobility enables exploitation of carrier multiplication in quantum-dot films

Carrier multiplication, the generation of multiple electron–hole pairs by a single photon, is of great interest for solar cells as it may enhance their photocurrent. This process has been shown to occur efficiently in colloidal quantum dots, however, harvesting of the generated multiple charges has proved difficult. Here we show that by tuning...

A Comparison of Global and Regional GRACE Models for Land Hydrology

When using GRACE as a tool for hydrology, many different gravity field model products are now available to the end user. The traditional spherical harmonics solutions produced from GRACE are typically obtained through an optimization of the gravity field data at the global scale, and are generated by a number of processing centers around the...

Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China

It is widely recognized that food consumption patterns significantly impact water requirements. The aim of this paper is to quantify how food consumption patterns influence water requirements in China. The findings show that per capita water requirement for food (CWRF) has increased from 255 m3 cap-1y?1 in 1961 to 860 m3 cap-1 y?1 in 2003,...