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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
Due to increasing exchange of data between measurement sites, the area over which traffic control is applied increases. This leads to three new challenges: (1) working with the large quantities of data (transmit, store), (2) estimating the traffic state, (3) controlling a large area with many controllers (and hence large solution space). This...
conference paper 2013
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Goni Ros, B. (author), Knoop, V.L. (author), Schakel, W.J. (author), Van Arem, B. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
conference paper 2013
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Van Zuylen, H.J. (author)
The duration of incidents is a stochastic variable with a variation spread. This chapter analyzes the consequences of this stochastic nature of the duration in terms of delay. It uses shockwave theory to describe traffic states. As opposed to a point queue model, the head and the tail of the queue are separately modeled and in this way the...
conference paper 2010
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Van Zuylen, H.J. (author)
The delay caused by an incident depends on many variables. This paper introduces an analytical expression for the delay, describing the location and length of the queue by shockwave theory. As long as the congestion remains on the same link, delay is proportional to the square of the duration, even in case the outflow is reduced by a junction...
conference paper 2010
document
Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
Verkeersmodellen worden gebruikt om de verkeerssituatie te voorspellen. Daarbij zijn twee dimensies van belang: het detailniveau van het model en de beschikbare rekentijd. Dit artikel analyseert de beide dimensies en de argumenten aan om voor een bepaald niveau te kiezen. Het artikel geeft voorbeelden van beschikbare modellen, maar gaat bovenal...
conference paper 2013
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Van Lint, J.W.C. (author), Kester, L. (author), Passchier, I. (author), Vries, J. (author)
Congestion is a major problem in large urbanised areas. Intelligent Transport Solutions aim to reduce this problem. Generally, traffic is monitored using sensors, this data is processed, a traffic state is estimated and a control measure is computed and implemented. The availability and quality of the data and the processing time of the...
conference paper 2012
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Goni Ros, B. (author), Knoop, V.L. (author), Van Arem, B. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
We present a new control strategy that aims to reduce total delay at sags. The strategy is based on the concept of mainstream traffic flow control. The traffic density at the bottleneck area is regulated in order to keep it slightly below the critical density, hence preventing traffic from breaking down while maximizing outflow. Density is...
conference paper 2014
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), van Arem, B. (author)
conference paper 2010
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Van Lint, J.W.C. (author)
An excess number of vehicles in a traffic network will reduce traffic performance. This reduction can be avoided by traffic management. In particular, traffic can be routed such that the bottlenecks are not oversaturated. The macroscopic fundamental diagram provides the relation between the number of vehicles and the network performance. One can...
conference paper 2012
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Shiomi, Y. (author), Buisson, C. (author)
Lane changes are an important aspect of freeway flow. Most lane change models are microscopic, describing whether individual vehicles/drives will change lanes, and hence are calibrated microscopically. Macroscopic validation often is restricted to the distribution of vehicles across lanes. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic analysis has...
conference paper 2012
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Knoop, V.L. (author), De Jong, D.M. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
The Macroscopic or Network Fundamental Diagram (NFD) describes the network performance as a function of the number of vehicles. Even if the network has the same roadway length, type of roads, number of intersections and traffic light setting strategy, the shape of the NFD changes. Therefore, the NFD needs to be calculated or simulated separately...
conference paper 2013
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Keyvan Ekbatani, M. (author), Gao, X. (author), Gayah, V.V. (author), Knoop, V.L. (author)
Traditionally, urban traffic is controlled by traffic lights. Recent findings of the Macroscopic or Network Fundamental Diagram (MFD or NFD) have led to the development of novel traffic control strategies that can be applied at a networkwide level. One pertinent example is perimeter flow control (also known as gating or metering), which limits...
conference paper 2015
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Snelder, M. (author), Van Zuylen, H.J. (author)
Much of the delay in transport networks is caused by incidents. Many indicators are developed to determine vulnerable parts of a network without simulating the network flows with an incident on each of the links. This paper lists indicators proposed in literature and cross compares them. Their values for all links on three networks of different...
conference paper 2007
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Snelder, M. (author), Van Zuylen, H.J. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
Literature proposes link-based indicators as predictors of the delay caused by a blockade on a particular link. This paper cross-compares these indicators and compares them with the result of a full simulation. The indicators predict different links to be vulnerable. Furthermore, the indicators do not provide a good indication of the delay of a...
conference paper 2010
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Rhasbudin Shah, S.M. (author), Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
Incidents can affect the flow in non?incident direction due to rubbernecking. To this date, only homogeneous rubbernecking behaviour has been assessed. This study provides insights into inter?driver heterogeneity in rubbernecking behaviour while passing an incident site. We use empirical trajectory data obtained from a helicopter?mounted video...
conference paper 2013
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Keyvan Ekbatani, M. (author), Gao, X. (author), Gayah, V.V. (author), Knoop, V.L. (author)
Recent findings regarding macroscopic relationships of urban traffic measures such as the Macroscopic or Network Fundamental Diagram (MFD or NFD) have led to the development of novel traffic control strategies that can be applied at a network-wide level. One pertinent example is perimeter flow control (also known as gating or metering), which...
conference paper 2016
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Shiomi, Y. (author), Buisson, C. (author)
Since lane changes influence traffic operations, it is useful to know their frequency for various conditions. This paper studies the number of lane changes as function of the roadway characteristics. Two sites are studied, for which individual lane change data is available. The paper shows that the most constant measure is the lane change rate,...
conference paper 2012
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Goni Ros, B. (author), Knoop, V.L. (author), Van Arem, B. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
Sags are freeway sections along which the gradient changes significantly from downwards to upwards. The capacity of sags is considerably lower than the capacity of normal sections. Consequently, sags are often freeway bottlenecks. Recently, several control measures have been proposed to improve traffic flow efficiency at sags. Those measures...
conference paper 2014
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Knoop, V.L. (author), Snelder, M. (author), Van Zuylen, H.J. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
It is computationally expensive to find out where vulnerable parts in a network are. In literature a variety of methods were introduced that use relatively simple selection criteria (measured in real-life or calculated in a traffic simulator) to pre-determine the seriousness of the delays caused by the blocking of that link and thereafter...
conference paper 2010
document
Knoop, V.L. (author), De Jong, D.M. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author)
conference paper 2013
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