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Slaifstein, D.A. (author), Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (author), Menendez Agudin, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
In the context of building electrification the operation of distributed energy resources integrating multiple energy carriers poses a significant challenge. Such an operation calls for an energy management system that decides the set-points of the primary control layer in the best way possible. This is done by fulfilling user requirements,...
conference paper 2023
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Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
The energy transition requires electrical alternatives for domestic heating. Heat pumps are the most common alternatives to gas boilers. However, heat pumps consume a significant amount of electrical power. We simulated an 18-node low voltage network with five buildings with six apartments each to evaluate the effect of deploying heat pumps as...
conference paper 2023
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Kouwerberg, Sang Jae (author), Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Batteries are one of the main tools to provide the flexibility distribution and transmission systems need due to their increasing dependence on weather conditions. However, environmental and economic factors pose a significant problem. New types of batteries that do not rely on rare earth metals and organic solvents but instead use water and...
conference paper 2023
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Stecca, M. (author), Vermeer, W.W.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)
This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are...
conference paper 2022
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Argiolas, Luca (author), Stecca, M. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Battery Energy Storage Systems typically procure their primary revenues from regulated energy and ancillary services markets; nonetheless, they have great potential in supporting distribution network operators and their users. This paper evaluates the potential business case of battery storage systems integrating market application and services...
journal article 2022
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Geraedts, M. (author), Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Fifth-generation energy networks are combined networks of heat and electricity, that have the ability to generate, distribute, store and share energy between consumers. Knowledge on the dynamic behaviour of the physical phenomena related to energy generation, distribution and storage provides insight into the performance of the system as a whole...
conference paper 2022
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Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Renewable energy power plants and transport and heating electrification projects are being deployed to enable the replacement of fossil fuels as the primary energy source. This transition encourages distributed generation but makes the grid more weather-dependent, thus reducing its inertia. Simultaneously, electrical network operators face...
journal article 2022
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Norouzi, F. (author), Hoppe, T. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Smart MicroGrids (SMGs) can be seen as a promising option when it comes to addressing the urgent need for sustainable transition in electric systems from the current fossil fuel-based centralised system to a low-carbon, renewable-based decentralised system. Unlike previous studies that were restricted to a limited number of actors and only took...
review 2022
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Stecca, M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a new asset for Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR), an ancillary service for improving the grid stability. The system operators determine the implementation and remuneration of PFR. However, assessing the revenue stream is not enough to define the business case, as also the components’ lifetime has to...
journal article 2021
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Norouzi, F. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Hoppe, T. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
The dynamic behaviour - steady-state and transient - of the DC Microgrids during power disturbance can affect the system’s general performance. A hybrid combination of energy storage devices with slow frequency response, like a Fuel Cell, and with a fast dynamic response, like a Super-Capacitor, provides an improved dynamic response to stabilise...
conference paper 2021
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Hybrid ac–dc reconfigurable link technology can find interesting applications in medium-voltage power distribution. These are networks having dc links operating in parallel alongside ac links with post-fault reconfiguration capability. A given system can operate in different configurations while maintaining equivalent capacity during (n−1)...
journal article 2020
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Stecca, M. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)
Recent developments in the electricity sector encourage a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In addition, European policies are pushing for mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to their non-controllable characteristics, these loads have brought new challenges in distribution networks, resulting in increased difficulty...
journal article 2020
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Stecca, M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)
This paper discusses a qualitative comparison between Two and Three-Level Voltage Source Converter (VSC) topologies for battery energy storage applications. Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and T-Type circuit topologies are benchmarked versus the state-of-art Two-Level VSC in terms of efficiency and power density considering a 100 kW...
conference paper 2020
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Stecca, M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)
LCL filters are commonly adopted to attenuate the current harmonics produced by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Voltage Source Converters (VSC). Due to the nature of LCL filters, several combinations of L and C can deliver the attenuation required by the standards. The optimal configuration is generally evaluated, considering power density, costs,...
conference paper 2020
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Stecca, M. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) are promising solutions for mitigating the technical problems created by high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution grids. This paper presents a methodology for the ESS sizing and placement within the distribution networks. Those are found through an optimization routine that considers the...
conference paper 2020
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Due to the distributed nature of future electrical power systems, decentralized control is essential for these grids. This paper shows that converters that have identical voltage thresholds switch off simultaneously even if some could have remained operational. Therefore, inadequate system and energy utilization can occur when decentralized...
journal article 2020
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Purgat, P. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Since the voltages and currents in dc grids do not have a natural zero-crossing, the protection of these grids is more challenging than the protection of conventional ac grids. Literature presents several unit and non-unit protection schemes that rely on communication, or knowledge about the system's topology and parameters in order to...
journal article 2020
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Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
Hybrid ac-dc distribution systems with multiple parallel operating ac and dc links are being developed to maximize system capacity during (n-1) contingencies. This paper shows that offline reconfigurability between such ac and dc links post-fault clearance allows an additional design flexibility of reducing the required substation converter...
journal article 2020
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Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
During the operation of a three line ac link in parallel with a ac-dc-ac link system that employs Back-to-Back (B2B)Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), a path for the low frequency zero sequence currents is shown to exist. Apart from causing additional losses, these currents can result in limitations on power capacity. A...
conference paper 2019
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Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Hanif, Ali (author), Narayan, N.S. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)
The use of batteries is indispensable in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the physical integration of a battery pack and a PV panel in one device enables this concept while easing the installation and system scaling. However, the influence of high temperatures is one of the main challenges of placing a solar panel close to a battery...
journal article 2019
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