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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Emami, Ali (author), Barnes, Chris M. (author), van Boggelen, Johan W.K. (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)The HIsarna process is one of the emerging low-CO<sub>2</sub> ironmaking processes that could help the steel industry in achieving their carbon footprint goals. HIsarna hot metal contains 3–4 times more sulfur than hot metal from blast furnaces (BFs). Therefore, a literature study, a thermodynamic analysis, and plant data analysis from Tata...journal article 2021
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Panda, Sourav K. (author), Visser, Hessel Jan (author), Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)In hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) the slag will hold the removed sulphur. However, the iron that is lost when the slag is skimmed off, accounts for the highest costs of the HMD process. These iron losses are lower when the slag has a lower viscosity, which can be achieved by changing the slag composition. A lower slag basicity decreases the...journal article 2021
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Panda, Sourav K. (author), Visser, Hessel Jan (author), Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira (author), Hunt, Adam (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)The optimal hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) slag is defined as a slag with a sufficient sulphur removal capacity and a low apparent viscosity (η<sub>slag</sub>) which leads to low iron losses. In part I of this study, the fundamentals behind the optimal slag were discussed. In this part these fundamentals are explored by a Monte Carlo...journal article 2021
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Ji, Fuzhong (author), Hunt, Adam (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Woolf, Rhian (author), Tuling, Alison (author), Warren, Peter (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)To lower the iron losses of the hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) process, slag modifiers can be added to the slag. Slag modifiers decrease the apparent viscosity of the HMD slag. Most common slag modifiers in industry contain fluoride as a fluidiser. However, fluoride leads to a higher magnesium consumption and has health, safety and...journal article 2020
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Gavel, D.J. (author), Adema, A.T. (author), van der Stel, Jan (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)Effect of nut coke addition with ferrous burden (pellet and sinter mixture) is experimentally investigated under simulated blast furnace conditions. Nut coke mixing degree was varied (0, 20 and 40 wt-%) as a replacement of the regular coke. During smelting, the ferrous bed evolves through three distinct stages of shrinkage due to indirect...journal article 2020
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Gavel, D.J. (author), Adema, Allert (author), van der Stel, Jan (author), Peeters, Tim (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)Physicochemical behaviour of the pellets, sinters and its mixture (60% pellets: 40% sinter) is investigated by a series of smelting and quenching experiments. For all ferrous raw-material beds, three distinct stages of bed shrinkage occur due to indirect reduction, softening and melting. However, the characteristic nature (displacement,...journal article 2020
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Visser, H. (author), Boom, R. (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Yang, Y. (author)During the magnesium-lime co-injection process for hot metal desulphurisation, graphite can precipitate as a result of carbon oversaturation. The formed graphite is known to form a layer between the slag and the hot metal. This potentially blocks the sulphides, that are formed during the desulphurisation process, to reach the slag phase thus...conference paper 2019
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Gavel, D.J. (author), Adema, A.T. (author), van der Stel, Jan (author), Kwakernaak, C. (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)The melting and dripping behaviour of an iron ore pellet bed mixed with nut coke are investigated through a series of quenching, melting and dripping experiments. In the melting bed of iron ore pellets, nut coke acts as a frame to maintain the passage for the gas flow. The iron carburisation level of the pellet shell is found to control the...journal article 2019
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Visser, H. (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)Carbon may precipitate during the hot metal desulfurization (HMD) process as a result of carbon oversaturation because of temperature decrease. The precipitated carbon flakes form a layer between hot metal and slag. It is postulated that this carbon layer hampers desulfurization with magnesium by preventing MgS particles from reaching the...journal article 2019
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Gavel, D.J. (author), Adema, A.T. (author), Stel, Jan Van Der (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)One of the primary causes that limit the blast furnace productivity is the resistance exerted to the gas flow in the cohesive zone by the ferrous burden. Use of nut coke (10–40 mm) together with ferrous burden proves beneficial for decreasing this resistance. In present study, effect of nut coke addition on the olivine fluxed iron ore pellet...journal article 2019
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), Ji, Fuzhong (author), Woolf, Rhian (author), Barnes, Chris (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)At the hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) stations of Tata Steel’s BOS plant in Port Talbot (UK), KAlF4 is injected together with magnesium in order to increase the fluidity of the slag and thus to decrease the iron loss. Although KAlF4 is successfully contributing to a lower iron loss during HMD, it also has a negative effect on the...conference paper 2018
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Gavel, D.J. (author), Song, Qingshi (author), Adema, A.T. (author), van der Stel, Jan (author), Sietsma, J. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)In the blast furnace, nut coke is utilized in a mixture with the ferrous burden to improve the gas permeability. Although applied in a broad range (10–40 mm, 2–23 wt-%), limited information is available on changed burden behaviour in its presence. In the present study, the detailed characterization was performed on the iron ore pellets quenched...journal article 2018
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, Elisabeth M. (author), van Boggelen, J.W.K. (author), Boom, R. (author), Yang, Y. (author)HIsarna is a smelting reduction ironmaking process that is currently in the pilot plant development phase. HIsarna produces hot metal with higher sulphur, lower phosphorus and manganese, almost no silicon and titanium and a lower temperature compared to the blast furnace. Because of that, desulphurisation of the HIsarna hot metal is one of the...conference paper 2017
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Schrama, F.N.H. (author), Beunder, E.M. (author), van den Berg, B (author), Yang, Y. (author), Boom, R. (author)Sulphur removal in the ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking process is reviewed. A sulphur balance is made for the steelmaking process of Tata Steel IJmuiden, the Netherlands. There are four stages where sulphur can be removed: in the blast furnace (BF), during hot metal (HM) pretreatment, in the converter and during the secondary metallurgy (SM...journal article 2017
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Meteleva-Fischer, Y.V. (author), Yang, Y. (author), Boom, R. (author), Kraaijveld, B. (author), Kuntzel, H. (author)Refining of metallurgical-grade silicon was studied using a process sequence of slag treatment, controlled cooling, and acid leaching. A slag of the Na2O-CaO-SiO2 system was used. The microstructure of grain boundaries in the treated silicon showed enhanced segregation of impurities, and the formation of CaSi2 and other Ca-rich phases. Boron and...journal article 2012
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Zhu, G. (author), Xiao, Y. (author), Yang, Y. (author), Wang, J. (author), Sun, B. (author), Boom, R. (author)Recycling of aluminum alloy scrap obtained from delaminated fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was studied through high temperature refining in the presence of a salt flux. The aluminum alloy scrap contains approximately mass fraction w(Cu) = 4.4%, w(Mg) = 1.1% and w(Mn) = 0.6% (2024 aluminum alloy). The main objective of this research is to obtain a...journal article 2012
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Zhu, G. (author), Xiao, Y. (author), Yang, Y. (author), Wang, J. (author), Sun, B. (author), Boom, R. (author)GLARE (glass fibre/epoxy reinforced aluminum laminate) is a member of the fiber metal laminate (FML) family, and is built up of alternating metal and fiber layers. About 500m2 GLARE is employed in each Airbus A380 because of the superior mechanical properties over the monolithic aluminum alloys, such as weight reduction, improved damage...journal article 2012
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Scheepers, E. (author), Yang, Y. (author), Adema, A.T. (author), Boom, R. (author), Reuter, M.A. (author)This article presents a process model of a phosphorus-producing, submerged arc furnace. The model successfully incorporates accurate, multifield thermodynamic, kinetic, and industrial data with computational flow dynamic calculations and thus further unifies the sciences of kinetics and equilibrium thermodynamics. The model is structurally three...journal article 2010
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Zhang, Z. (author), Xiao, Y. (author), Yang, Y. (author), Boom, R. (author), Voncken, J.H.L. (author)Vitrification is considered to be an attractive technology for bottom ash treatment because it destroys the hazardous organics, contributes to immobilization of the heavy metals, and additionally it reduces drastically the volume. The main components of the vitrified bottom ash slag are SiO2 , CaO, Al2 O3 , Fe2 O3 , Na 2 O and MgO, and the...conference paper 2009