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Lin, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Ren, S. (author), Li, Yi (author), Erkens, S. (author), Welvaarts, B. (author), Brouns, K. (author)Developed by Delft University of Technology, the tri-component polyurethane modified cold binder (PMCB) displays impressive durability and strength in asphalt mixtures, showing promise as a reliable binder for cold in-place recycling. However, when applying PMCB for rapid, in-situ recycling, the presence of moisture in reclaimed asphalt...conference paper 2024
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Assaf Martinez-Streignard, E.I. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author)This paper presents a United Atom (UA) force field for simulating hydrocarbon molecules in bituminous materials, integrating explicit hydrogens into beads with their parent atom. This method simplifies all-atom molecular models, significantly accelerating Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of bitumen by 10 to 100 times. Key advantages...journal article 2024
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author)The low-temperature relaxation and fatigue cracking performance are two essential aspects in estimating the rejuvenation efficiency of recycling agents (RAs). This study aims to fundamentally investigate the effects of recycling agent type/dosage and aging degree of bitumen on thermodynamic and rheological properties of rejuvenated bitumen at...journal article 2024
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Lin, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Welvaarts, Bart (author), Brouns, Koen (author)Cold in-place recycling is gaining more attention worldwide because of its lower energy consumption, while the normally used asphalt emulsion and foamed asphalt cannot meet this requirement of short traffic disturbance and road performance of the surface layer. In this research, a polyurethane-modified cold binder (PMCB) was designed and...journal article 2023
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Assaf Martinez-Streignard, E.I. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Nahar, Sayeda (author), Mensink, Liz I.S. (author)Conventional Molecular Dynamics (MD) models of bitumen are built by homogeneously mixing molecules in a volume without considering that the molecules in bitumen are known to exhibit phase behavior and form distinctive molecular arrangements. These are known to have a significant impact in the behavior of bitumen, and considering their...journal article 2023
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Naus, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Epoxy asphalt attracted the attention of road authorities in many countries as a solution for du-rable open-graded porous asphalt (OGPA) surface layers with enhanced longevity. Nevertheless, the recycla-bility of aged epoxy asphalt materials has not been thoroughly studied yet. This research presents an experi-mental program conducted in the...conference paper 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author)This study aims to propose critical fatigue indicators for evaluating the restoration effectiveness of various rejuvenators on the fatigue performance of aged bitumen. The influence factors of rejuvenator type/dosage and aging degree of bitumen are involved, and different fatigue parameters from linear viscoelastic (LVE), linear amplitude sweep ...journal article 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Gao, Y. (author), Jing, R. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Wang, H. (author)This study aims to multiscale investigate the effects of rejuvenator type, temperature, and aging degree of bitumen on the diffusion behaviors of rejuvenators (bio-oil BO, engine-oil EO, naphthenic-oil NO, and aromatic-oil AO) in aged binders. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is performed to detect the molecular-level diffusion...journal article 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author)The relaxation behavior affected by aging and rejuvenation plays a crucial role in its low-temperature cracking potential of bitumen. However, there are limited studies on the relaxation performance of rejuvenated bitumen under different rejuvenation conditions. This paper aims to propose critical indicators to assess the rejuvenation efficiency...journal article 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), van Aggelen, M. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author)This study investigates the impacts of rejuvenator type/dosage and the aging degree of bitumen on the chemical and rheological properties of rejuvenated bitumen, and propose critical chemo-rheological indicators for evaluating rejuvenation efficiency. Moreover, the potential connections between essential chemical and rheological indices of...journal article 2023
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Naus, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)This research aims to evaluate the potential environmental impact of epoxy-modified asphalt used as a pavement material for roadways in the Netherlands and identify what determines the environmental performance of the epoxy asphalt technology through life cycle assessment. Results indicated that the incor-poration of epoxy binder in asphalt...conference paper 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), Khalighi, S. (author), Jing, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author)The rejuvenation efficiency of aged bitumen is the main concern when developing rejuvenating agents. It is necessary to develop a method to assess the efficiency of rejuvenators using rheological parameters in the whole frequency region. To this end, the 2S2P1D micromechanics model is adopted to fit the entire G∗ master curves of various...journal article 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Jing, R. (author), Gao, Y. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author)Two types of elastomer/plastic compound-modified bitumen were developed by means of incorporating the reactive elastomeric terpolymer (RET) into the plastic (high-density polyethylene HDPE or recycled polyethylene RPE) modified bitumen and adding the wax residue (WR) into the bitumen/elastomer (crumb rubber CR or styrene–butadiene–styrene SBS)...journal article 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author)This study aims to systematically investigate the influence of rejuvenator type/dosage and the aging degree of bitumen on the rutting resistance, flow behavior, and elastic/creep potential of rejuvenated bitumen at high temperatures. The rutting parameter (G*/sinδ), rutting failure temperature (RFT) from Linear viscoelastic test (LVE), zero...journal article 2023
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Epoxy-asphalt (EA) attracted the attention of road authorities in many countries as a solution for open-graded porous surface layers with enhanced durability and longevity. This research presents an experimental programme to assess the durability of epoxy-modified open-graded porous asphalt (EMOGPA) mixes, emphasising the effects of the...journal article 2023
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Gao, Y. (author), Erkens, S. (author)Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation plays an effective role in predicting the critical properties and explaining the macroscale phenomenon at the nanoscale. This review summarized the application cases of MD simulations in various bitumen systems, considering aging, modification, and rejuvenation factors. Meanwhile, the potential relationships...review 2022
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Gao, Y. (author), Erkens, S. (author)The cohesive and adhesive performances of bituminous materials significantly affect the service life of asphalt pavement. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method has been proved as an effective tool to predict the thermodynamics parameters of different multisubstance and multi-phase bitumen models during different diffusion, self-healing,...review 2022
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Pavement materials containing epoxy-asphalt are mainly used to enhance the fatigue cracking resistance of surfacing layers on bridges. These materials have also been proposed for roadways, but limited field data are available. In this research, a fully instrumented epoxy-modified asphalt surfacing layer was applied to measure strain responses in...journal article 2022
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Naus, Robbert (author), Dekkers, Rudi (author), Waarts, Paul (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Liu, X. (author)In de wegenbouw is duurzaamheid een belangrijk speerpunt. Daarom wordt er gezocht naar nieuwe bindmiddelen en modificaties om duurzame oplossingen te vinden voor de alsmaar groeiende verkeersstromen. Met de introductie van asfalt met epoxygemodificeerde bitumen wordt een grote stap gezet in het realiseren van robuuste wegen met een langere...conference paper 2022
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Anupam, K. (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), van Aggelen, M. (author)Membranes of sufficient bonding characteristics could improve the integrity of the multi-layer structures on orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSBDs), enhancing thus the structural response of these systems and, ultimately, their service life. In this research, full-scale experiments were performed at the LINTRACK accelerated pavement testing...journal article 2022