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Argiolas, Luca (author), Stecca, M. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Battery Energy Storage Systems typically procure their primary revenues from regulated energy and ancillary services markets; nonetheless, they have great potential in supporting distribution network operators and their users. This paper evaluates the potential business case of battery storage systems integrating market application and services...journal article 2022
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Alpizar Castillo, J.J. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Renewable energy power plants and transport and heating electrification projects are being deployed to enable the replacement of fossil fuels as the primary energy source. This transition encourages distributed generation but makes the grid more weather-dependent, thus reducing its inertia. Simultaneously, electrical network operators face...journal article 2022
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Stecca, M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a new asset for Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR), an ancillary service for improving the grid stability. The system operators determine the implementation and remuneration of PFR. However, assessing the revenue stream is not enough to define the business case, as also the components’ lifetime has to...journal article 2021
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Due to the distributed nature of future electrical power systems, decentralized control is essential for these grids. This paper shows that converters that have identical voltage thresholds switch off simultaneously even if some could have remained operational. Therefore, inadequate system and energy utilization can occur when decentralized...journal article 2020
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Hybrid ac–dc reconfigurable link technology can find interesting applications in medium-voltage power distribution. These are networks having dc links operating in parallel alongside ac links with post-fault reconfiguration capability. A given system can operate in different configurations while maintaining equivalent capacity during (n−1)...journal article 2020
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Stecca, M. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)Recent developments in the electricity sector encourage a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In addition, European policies are pushing for mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to their non-controllable characteristics, these loads have brought new challenges in distribution networks, resulting in increased difficulty...journal article 2020
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Purgat, P. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Since the voltages and currents in dc grids do not have a natural zero-crossing, the protection of these grids is more challenging than the protection of conventional ac grids. Literature presents several unit and non-unit protection schemes that rely on communication, or knowledge about the system's topology and parameters in order to...journal article 2020
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Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Hybrid ac-dc distribution systems with multiple parallel operating ac and dc links are being developed to maximize system capacity during (n-1) contingencies. This paper shows that offline reconfigurability between such ac and dc links post-fault clearance allows an additional design flexibility of reducing the required substation converter...journal article 2020
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Bandyopadhyay, S. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Microgrid with integrated photo-voltaics (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) is a promising technology for future residential applications. Optimally sizing the PV system and BSS can maximise self-sufficiency, grid relief, and at the same time can be cost-effective by exploiting tariff incentives. To that end, this paper presents a...journal article 2019
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Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Hanif, Ali (author), Narayan, N.S. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The use of batteries is indispensable in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the physical integration of a battery pack and a PV panel in one device enables this concept while easing the installation and system scaling. However, the influence of high temperatures is one of the main challenges of placing a solar panel close to a battery...journal article 2019
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Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Faizal Sofyan, Muhammad (author), Narayan, N.S. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Given the complementary nature of photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage, the combination of a solar panel and a battery pack in one single device is proposed. To realize this concept, the PV Battery-Integrated Module (PBIM), it is fundamental to analyze the system architecture and energy management. This paper focuses on selecting a...journal article 2018
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Mackay, L.J. (author), Guarnotta, Robin (author), Dimou, Anastasios (author), Morales-Espana, G. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The emergence of distributed energy resources can lead to congestion in distribution grids. DC distribution grids are becoming more relevant as more sources and loads connected to the low voltage grid use dc. Bipolar dc distribution grids with asymmetric loading can experience partial congestion resulting in a nodal price difference between...journal article 2018
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Many modelling methods for the analysis of dc distribution grids only consider monopolar configurations and do not allow for mutual couplings to be taken into account. The modelling method presented in this paper aims to deal with both of these issues. A state-space approach was chosen for its flexibility and computational speed. The derived...journal article 2018
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Employing bipolar dc distribution systems introduces the possibility of imbalance in the system. To analyze these systems it is crucial to create novel modelling techniques. This paper presents a method to decompose dc distribution systems into symmetrical components. The presented method simplifies the analysis of balanced, unbalanced, and...journal article 2018
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Van Der Meer, Dennis (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Morales-Espana, G. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)In [1], the name of one co-author, Germán Morales-Espana, was rendered incorrectly as Germán Morales-Espana Mouli. The correct byline is shown above. We sincerely regret the error.journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Feng, Xianyong (author), Kontos, E. (author), Bauer, P. (author)While the scientific community recognizes the benefits of DC power transfer, the distribution network operators point out the practical and economic constraints in refurbishing the existing AC network at a medium-voltage level. Some apprehensions like reliability, cost of ownership, and safety in adopting a universal DC distribution may merit...journal article 2018
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Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Narayan, N.S. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Due to the variable nature of the photovoltaic generation, energy storage is imperative, and the combination of both in one device is appealing for more efficient and easy‐to‐use devices. Among the myriads of proposed approaches, there are multiple challenges to overcome to make these solutions realistic alternatives to current systems. This...journal article 2018
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Changes in distribution grids pose significant challenges with respect to the control and management of these grids. Stability and decentralized control are vital to ensure the availability and accessibility of plug-and-play dc distribution grids that are (temporarily) without communication. Therefore, this paper presents guidelines for these...journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bandyopadhyay, S. (author), Mackay, L.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Low voltage dc distribution grids face issues associated with arc faults, aggravated by the absence of current zero crossing. The focus of this paper is to comprehensively develop a method of series arc fault detection at the load side power electronics, based on the electrode dependent initial voltage drop occurring at the arc initiation....journal article 2018
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van der Meer, Dennis (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Morales-Espana, G. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)This paper presents the design of an energy management system (EMS) capable of forecasting photovoltaic (PV) power production and optimizing power flows between PV system, grid, and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) at the workplace. The aim is to minimize charging cost while reducing energy demand from the grid by increasing PV self...journal article 2018
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