Optimization Based Particle-Mesh Algorithm for High-Order and Conservative Scalar Transport

A particle-mesh strategy is presented for scalar transport problems which provides diffusion-free advection, conserves mass locally (i.e. cellwise) and exhibits optimal convergence on arbitrary polyhedral meshes. This is achieved by expressing the convective field naturally located on the Lagrangian particles as a mesh quantity by formulating a...

Conservative, high-order particle–mesh scheme with applications to advection-dominated flows

By combining concepts from particle-in-cell (PIC) and hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods, we present a particle–mesh scheme for flow and transport problems which allows for diffusion-free advection while satisfying mass and momentum conservation – locally and globally – and extending to high-order spatial accuracy. This is achieved...

Novel porous wall vascular networks for repeated self-healing

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Metal triflates as catalytic curing agents in self-healing fibre reinforced polymer composite materials

High performance, damage tolerant fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials are currently required to demonstrate no propagation of any sub-surface structural micro-cracking when under service load, thereby encouraging overdesign and limiting the inherent lightweight nature of such a material. By incorporating selfhealing...

Synthesis and characterisation of novel catalysts for use as self-healing agents in epoxy resins

Self-healing polymers typically feature monomer and catalyst either dispersed within a host matrix, or encapsulated within hollow vessels. Unprotected highly active catalysts, sensitive to air and moisture, can readily react with amine cross-linking agents during the cure of reactive prepolymers e.g. epoxy resins. Therefore, catalysts stable to...

Foaming self-healing agents

A new approach to self-healing systems is presented that aims to overcome the inherent drawbacks of conventional liquid resin based healing systems within composites. Finite embedded systems offer limited healing potential for small volume delaminations and as such cannot effectively heal large damage volumes often associated with shear damaged...

Novel manufacturing method for FRP composites with a multifunctional vascular network

Fibre reinforced polymer composite materials are becoming more widely adopted for high performance industrial applications. The hierarchical nature of these materials offers a unique opportunity to incorporate multi-functionality whilst maintaining their excellent mechanical properties. Ideally, multifunctional composites can be configured to...

Self-Healing of CFRP Composite T-joints

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Damage redirection and healing in skin-stiffener debonding specimens under fatigue conditions

Locally stiffened or ‘stringer’ - skin composite structures are extensively used for lightweight applications in the aerospace industry. Due to localised stiffening, stress concentrations arise which can initiate damage e.g. debonding or delamination, within the composite structure. Critically, this damage can propagate under fatigue loading...