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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In the design of human-like steering support systems, driver models are essential for matching the supporting automation's behavior to that of the human driver. However, current driver models are very limited in capturing the driver's adaptation to key task variables such as road width and visibility (i.e., 'preview' of the road ahead). This...journal article 2023
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Mathematical human control models are widely used in tuning manual control systems and understanding human performance. Human behavior is commonly described using linear time-invariant models, averaging-out all non-linear and time-varying effects, which are gathered into the remnant. These models are limited in their capability to capture...journal article 2022
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Cyberneticists develop mathematical human control models which are used to tune manual control systems and understand human performance limits. Neuroscientists explore the physiology and circuitry of the central nervous system to understand how the brain works. Both research human visuomotor control tasks, such as the pursuit tracking task....journal article 2022
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Bentinck, Pieter Bas J.C. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Hoagg, Jesse B. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Better understanding of manual control requires more research on human anticipatory feedforward behaviour. Recent advances include a human control model for preview tracking, and a subsystem identification (SSID) technique that uses a candidate pool approach to identify the human feedforward and feedback responses. This paper discusses the...journal article 2022
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)The 1960s crossover model is widely applied to quantitatively predict a human controller's (HC's) manual control behavior. Unfortunately, the theory captures only compensatory tracking behavior and, as such, a limited range of real-world manual control tasks. This article finalizes recent advances in manual control theory toward more general...journal article 2020
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Drivers rely on a variety of cues from different modalities while steering, but which exact cues are most important and how these different cues are used is still mostly unclear. The goal of our research project is to increase understanding of driver steering behavior; through a measuring and modeling approach we aim to extend the validity of...journal article 2019
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Drop, F.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Mathematical control models are widely used in tuning manual control systems and understanding human performance. The most common model, the crossover model, is severely limited, however, in describing realistic human control behaviour in relevant control tasks as it is only valid for tracking with a compensatory display. This paper first...journal article 2019
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Kolff, M.J.C. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)The understanding of human responses to visual information in car driving tasks requires the use of system identification tools that put constraints on the design of data collection experiments. Most importantly, multisine perturbation signals are required, including a multisine road geometry, to separately identify the different driver...journal article 2019
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Willems, M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Damveld, H.J. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Human modelling approaches are typically limited to feedback-only, compensatory tracking tasks. Advances in system identification techniques allow us to consider more realistic tasks that involve feedforward and even precognitive control. In this paper we study the human development of a feedforward control response while learning to...journal article 2019
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Novel driver support systems potentially enhance road safety by cooperating with the human driver. To optimize the design of emerging steering support systems, a profound understanding of driver steering behavior is required. This article proposes a new theory of driver steering, which unifies visual perception and control models. The theory...journal article 2019
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Due to linear perspective, the visual stimulus provided by a previewed reference trajectory reduces with increasing distance ahead. This paper investigates the effects of linear perspective on human use of preview in manual control tasks. Results of a human-in-the-loop tracking experiment are presented, where the linear perspective&#x0027...journal article 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper investigates how humans use a previewed target trajectory for control in tracking tasks with various controlled element dynamics. The human's hypothesized "near" and "far" control mechanisms are first analyzed offline in simulations with a quasi-linear model. Second, human control behavior is quantified by fitting the same model to...journal article 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Padmos, S. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In manual control tasks, preview of the target trajectory ahead is often limited by poor lighting, objects, or display edges. This paper investigates the effects of limited preview, or preview time, in manual tracking tasks with single- and double-integrator controlled element dynamics. A quasi-linear human controller model is used to predict...journal article 2018
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Wolters, Joris P. M. A. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Damveld, H.J. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper investigates the effects of simulator motion on driver steering performance, and how this depends on the available visual information and external disturbances such as wind gusts. A human-in-the-loop driving experiment was performed in which twelve participants steered a fixedvelocity car to follow a winding road (target tracking, TT)...conference paper 2018
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Rezunenko, Evgeny (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In manual tracking tasks with preview of the target trajectory, humans have been modeled as dual-mode “near” and “far” viewpoint controllers. This paper investigates the physical basis of these two control mechanisms, and studies whether estimated viewpoint positions represent those parts of the previewed trajectory which humans use for control....conference paper 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Novel (semi-)automated systems are rapidly being introduced into modern road vehicles, but anticipating possibly critical human-machine interaction issues is difficult, because the human driver’s behavior is as of yet still poorly understood. This paper aims to improve our understanding and models of driver steering behavior on winding roads,...conference paper 2018
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- van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author) abstract 2017
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author), Boer, E.R. (author), Zaal, P.M.T. (author), Drop, F.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Manual control cybernetics aims to understand and describe how humans control vehicles and devices using mathematical models of human control dynamics. This “cybernetic approach” enables objective and quantitative comparisons of human behavior, and allows a systematic optimization of human control interfaces and training...journal article 2017
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Lakerveld, P.R. (author), Damveld, H.J. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, K. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper investigates the importance of yaw and sway motion cues in curve driving simulation. While such motion cues are known to enhance simulation realism, their function in supporting realistic driver behavior in simulators is still largely unknown. A human-in-the-loop curve driving experiment was performed in the SIMONA Research Simulator...journal article 2016
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van der El, K. (author), Barendswaard, S. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In many practical control tasks, human controllers (HC) can preview the trajectory they must follow in the near future. This paper investigates the effects of the length of previewed target trajectory, or preview time, on HC behavior in rate tracking tasks. To do so, a human-in-the-loop experiment was performed, consisting of a combined target...conference paper 2016