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van Leeuwen, J.K. (author), Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Mumaw, Randall J. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Previous research indicated a need to improve pilot training with regard to understanding of autopilot logic and behavior, especially in non-routine situations. Therefore, we tested the effect of problem-based exploratory training on pilots’ understanding of autopilot functions. Using a moving-base flight simulator, general aviation pilots (n...
journal article 2024
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van Paassen, M.M. (author), Reitsma, J.P. (author), Huijbrechts, Erik-Jan A. M. (author), Borst, C. (author), Landman, H.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
In the analysis of human performance and human error, considerable attention is given to the cognitive processes of actors involved in error or success scenarios. Even with awareness of hindsight bias, it takes effort to understand the actions of agents in later inspection of error scenarios. One such topic of heated discussion was the perceived...
conference paper 2021
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Landman, H.M. (author), van den Hoed, Annemarie (author), van Baelen, D. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Ground-based demonstration of spatial disorientation (SD) has been recommended for military as well as commercial pilot training. Although the leans illusion is the most common form of SD, no data exist yet of an effective ground-based leans procedure for a hexapod simulator. In this paper we describe the development of such a procedure and its...
conference paper 2021
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Previous studies show that pilots sometimes make roll reversal errors (RREs) when responding to the aircraft bank angle shown on the attitude indicator (AI). This is suggestive of a perceptual ambiguity in the AI. In the current study, we investigated whether expectation contributes to such misperception. Twenty nonpilots performed tasks in a...
journal article 2020
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Landman, H.M. (author), van Middelaar, Sophie H. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Background: Mnemonic-type startle and surprise procedures were previously proposed to help pilots cope with startle and surprise in-flight, but effects on performance after procedure execution have not yet been investigated. Objective: Thus, we tested the effectiveness a new mnemonic-type procedure in a moving-base simulator with a non-linear...
journal article 2020
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van den Hoed, Annemarie (author), Landman, H.M. (author), van Baelen, D. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Objective: We tested whether a procedure in a hexapod simulator can cause incorrect assumptions of the bank angle (i.e., the “leans”) in airline pilots as well as incorrect interpretations of the attitude indicator (AI). Background: The effect of the leans on interpretation errors has previously been demonstrated in nonpilots. In-flight,...
journal article 2020
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Landman, A. (author), Groen, E.L. (author), Frank, M. (author), Steinhardt, G. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, A.W. (author), Mulder, M. (author)
Aviation safety organizations have recommended that airline pilots are trained for startle and surprise. However, little information is available on useful training interventions. Therefore, a training intervention trial was executed during airline recurrent simulator training. The method consisted of a slow visual scan from the side-window,...
conference paper 2019
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, E.L. (author), Frank, M (author), Steinhardt, G. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, A (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Aviation safety organizations have recommended that airline pilots are trained for startle and surprise. However, little information is available on useful training interventions. Therefore, a training intervention trial was executed during airline recurrent simulator training. The method consisted of a slow visual scan from the side-window,...
conference paper 2019
document
Landman, H.M. (author), van Middelaar, S.H. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Several checklist-based methods have been proposed to help pilots manage startle in unexpected situations. In the current experiment, we tested how pilots reacted to using such a method, which featured the mnemonic COOL: Calm down – Observe – Outline – Lead. Using a motion-based simulator outfitted with a non-linear aerodynamic model of a small...
conference paper 2019
document
Landman, H.M. (author), Davies, Simon (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Lawson, Nicholas (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
We hypothesized that an incorrect expectation due to spatial disorientation may induce roll reversal errors. To test this, an in-flight experiment was performed, in which forty non-pilots rolled wings level after receiving motion cues. A No-leans condition (subthreshold motion to a bank angle) was included, as well as a Leans-opposite condition ...
journal article 2019
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Landman, H.M. (author), van Oorschot, P. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Objective: This study tested whether simulator-based training of pilot responses to unexpected or novel events can be improved by including unpredictability and variability in training scenarios. Background: Current regulations allow for highly predictable and invariable training, which may not be sufficient to prepare pilots for unexpected...
journal article 2018
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Objective: A conceptual model is proposed in order to explain pilot performance in surprising and startling situations. Background: Today’s debate around loss of control following in-flight events and the implementation of upset prevention and recovery training has highlighted the importance of pilots’ ability to deal with unexpected events....
journal article 2017
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Objective: The aim of this study was to test if performance of airline pilots, in performing an aerodynamic stall recovery procedure, decreases when they are surprised, compared to when they anticipate a stall event.<br/>Background: New flight-safety regulations for commercial aviation recommend the introduction of surprise and startle in upset...
journal article 2017
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)
Introducing the element of surprise is one of the main challenges in simulator training of in-flight emergencies. In this simulator study, we investigated the differences in performance between predictable and surprising circumstances, in order to obtain insight into the transfer of training between predictable training settings and surprising...
conference paper 2017
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