Integrating Scale and Space in 3D City Models

This paper presents the problem of the current separate treatment of levels of detail in city models. We propose a solution, detail the main principles, and present our initial results on the approach. We conclude with work in progress and explain the benefits of our approach.

Manipulating higher dimensional spatial information

Real-world phenomena have traditionally been modelled in a GIS in two and three dimensions. However, powerful insights can be gained by the integration of additional non-spatial dimensions, such as time and scale, in a higher dimensional spatial model. While this theory is conceptually sound, there is a lack of understanding of its consequences...

Revisiting the concept level of detail in 3D city modelling

This review paper discusses the concept of level of detail in 3D city modelling, and is a first step towards a foundation for a standardised definition. As an introduction, a few level of detail specifications, outlooks and approaches are given from the industry. The paper analyses the general uncertainties and shortcomings around the concept of...

Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling

The level of detail in 3D city modelling, despite its usefulness and importance, is still an ambiguous and undefined term. It is used for the communication of how thoroughly real-world features have been acquired and modelled, as we demonstrate in this paper. Its definitions vary greatly between practitioners, standards and institutions. We...