Thermoluminescence investigation of donor (Ce3+, Pr3+, Tb3+) acceptor (Eu3+, Yb3+) pairs in Y3Al5O12

The thermoluminescence properties of Y3Al5O12 (YAG) doped with an electron donor lanthanide (Ce3+, Pr3+, or Tb3+) together with an electron acceptor lanthanide (Yb3+ or Eu3+) were studied with the aim to locate the energy levels of each divalent and each trivalent lanthanide within the band gap. The activation energies needed to liberate...