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Kim, S.H. (author), Vlijm, R. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Dalal, Y. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Centromere-specific nucleosomes are a central feature of the kinetochore complex during mitosis, in which microtubules exert pulling and pushing forces upon the centromere. CENP-A nucleosomes have been assumed to be structurally unique, thereby providing resilience under tension relative to their H3 canonical counterparts. Here, we directly test...
journal article 2016
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Ganji, M. (author), Shaltiel, Indra A. (author), Bisht, Shveta (author), Kim, E. (author), Kalichava, A. (author), Haering, Christian H. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
It has been hypothesized that SMC protein complexes such as condensin and cohesin spatially organize chromosomes by extruding DNA into large loops. We directly visualized the formation and processive extension of DNA loops by yeast condensin in real time. Our findings constitute unambiguous evidence for loop extrusion. We observed that a...
journal article 2018
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Nechemia-Arbely, Yael (author), Fachinetti, Daniele (author), Miga, Karen H. (author), Sekulic, Nikolina (author), Soni, G.V. (author), Kim, Dong Hyun (author), Wong, Adeline K. (author), Lee, Ah Young (author), Nguyen, Kristen (author), Dekker, C. (author), Ren, Bing (author), Black, Ben E. (author), Cleveland, Don W. (author)
Chromatin assembled with centromere protein A (CENP-A) is the epigenetic mark of centromere identity. Using new reference models, we now identify sites of CENP-A and histone H3.1 binding within the megabase, α-satellite repeat-containing centromeres of 23 human chromosomes. The overwhelming majority (97%) of α-satellite DNA is found to be...
journal article 2017
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Vlijm, R. (author), Kim, S.H. (author), De Zwart, P. L. (author), Dalal, Y. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Nucleosomes form the unit structure of the genome in eukaryotes, thereby constituting a fundamental tenet of chromatin biology. In canonical nucleosomes, DNA wraps around the histone octamer in a left-handed toroidal ramp. Here, in single-molecule magnetic tweezers studies of chaperone-assisted nucleosome assembly, we show that the handedness...
journal article 2017
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Hulleman, C.N. (author), Thorsen, R.Ø. (author), Kim, E. (author), Dekker, C. (author), Stallinga, S. (author), Rieger, B. (author)
Estimating the orientation and 3D position of rotationally constrained emitters with localization microscopy typically requires polarization splitting or a large engineered Point Spread Function (PSF). Here we utilize a compact modified PSF for single molecule emitter imaging to estimate simultaneously the 3D position, dipole orientation, and...
journal article 2021
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Barth, R. (author), Pradhan, B. (author), Kim, E. (author), Davidson, Iain F. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Peters, Jan‑Michael ‑M (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Correction to: Scientific Reports, published online 19 May 2023 The original version of this Article contained an error in Figure 1b-1, where the fore- and background order of the strands “DNA” (in black) and “Brn1 Kleisin” (in green), were switched. The original Figure 1 and accompanying legend appear below. (Figure presented.) Description...
journal article 2023
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Kim, E. (author), Kerssemakers, J.W.J. (author), Shaltiel, Indra A. (author), Haering, Christian H. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Condensin, a key component of the structure maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein complexes, has recently been shown to be a motor that extrudes loops of DNA<sup>1</sup>. It remains unclear, however, how condensin complexes work together to collectively package DNA into chromosomes. Here we use time-lapse single-molecule visualization to...
journal article 2020
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Elbatsh, Ahmed M.O. (author), Kim, E. (author), Eeftens, J.M. (author), Raaijmakers, Jonne A. (author), van der Weide, Robin H. (author), García-Nieto, Alberto (author), Bravo, Sol (author), Ganji, M. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Condensin is a conserved SMC complex that uses its ATPase machinery to structure genomes, but how it does so is largely unknown. We show that condensin's ATPase has a dual role in chromosome condensation. Mutation of one ATPase site impairs condensation, while mutating the second site results in hyperactive condensin that compacts DNA faster...
journal article 2019
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Kim, S.H. (author), Ganji, M. (author), Kim, E. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Abbondanzieri, E. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
The three-dimensional organization of DNA is increasingly understood to play a decisive role in vital cellular processes. Many studies focus on the role of DNA-packaging proteins, crowding, and confinement in arranging chromatin, but structural information might also be directly encoded in bare DNA itself. Here, we visualize plectonemes ...
journal article 2018
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Ganji, M. (author), Kim, S.H. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Abbondanzieri, E. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
DNA supercoiling crucially affects cellular processes such as DNA replication, gene expression, and chromatin organization. However, mechanistic understanding of DNA supercoiling and the related DNA-processing enzymes has remained limited, mainly due to the lack of convenient experimental tools to probe these phenomena. Here, we report a...
journal article 2016
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Ryu, J.K. (author), Bouchoux, Céline (author), Liu, Hon Wing (author), Kim, E. (author), Minamino, Masashi (author), de Groot, Ralph (author), Katan, A.J. (author), Bonato, Andrea (author), Marenduzzo, Davide (author), Michieletto, Davide (author), Uhlmann, Frank (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein complexes are able to extrude DNA loops. While loop extrusion constitutes a fundamental building block of chromosomes, other factors may be equally important. Here, we show that yeast cohesin exhibits pronounced clustering on DNA, with all the hallmarks of biomolecular condensation. DNA...
journal article 2021
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Kim, E. (author), Martin Gonzalez, A. (author), Pradhan, B. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Condensin, a structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex, has been shown to be a molecular motor protein that organizes chromosomes by extruding loops of DNA. In cells, such loop extrusion is challenged by many potential conflicts, for example, the torsional stresses that are generated by other DNA-processing enzymes. It has so far...
journal article 2022
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Pradhan, B. (author), Barth, R. (author), Kim, E. (author), van Laar, T. (author), Yang, W.W.W. (author), Ryu, J.K. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Peters, Jan Michael (author), Dekker, C. (author)
Ring-shaped structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes like condensin and cohesin extrude loops of DNA. It remains, however, unclear how they can extrude DNA loops in chromatin that is bound with proteins. Here, we use in vitro single-molecule visualization to show that nucleosomes, RNA polymerase, and dCas9 pose virtually no...
journal article 2022
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Barth, R. (author), Pradhan, B. (author), Kim, E. (author), Davidson, Iain F. (author), van der Torre, J. (author), Peters, Jan Michael (author), Dekker, C. (author)
DNA loop extrusion by structural-maintenance-of-chromosome (SMC) complexes has emerged as a primary organizing principle for chromosomes. The mechanism by which SMC motor proteins extrude DNA loops is still unresolved and much debated. The ring-like structure of SMC complexes prompted multiple models where the extruded DNA is topologically or...
journal article 2023
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Kim, Eugene (author), Barth, R. (author), Dekker, C. (author)
SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes throughout the cell cycle by DNA loop extrusion. These complexes play a key role in a variety of functions in the packaging and regulation of chromosomes, and they have...
review 2023
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Bohländer, P.R. (author), Filius, M. (author), van Kooten, Xander F. (author), Pomorski, A.K. (author), Schmid, S. (author), Dekker, C. (author), Eelkema, R. (author), Kim, S.H. (author), Joo, C. (author)
Single-cell profiling methods have had a profound impact on the understanding of cellular heterogeneity. While genomes and transcriptomes can be explored at the single-cell level, single-cell profiling of proteomes is not yet established. Here we describe new single-molecule protein sequencing and identification technologies alongside...
review 2021
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