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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Epoxy-asphalt (EA) attracted the attention of road authorities in many countries as a solution for open-graded porous surface layers with enhanced durability and longevity. This research presents an experimental programme to assess the durability of epoxy-modified open-graded porous asphalt (EMOGPA) mixes, emphasising the effects of the...journal article 2023
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Pavement materials containing epoxy-asphalt are mainly used to enhance the fatigue cracking resistance of surfacing layers on bridges. These materials have also been proposed for roadways, but limited field data are available. In this research, a fully instrumented epoxy-modified asphalt surfacing layer was applied to measure strain responses in...journal article 2022
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Anupam, K. (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), van Aggelen, M. (author)Membranes of sufficient bonding characteristics could improve the integrity of the multi-layer structures on orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSBDs), enhancing thus the structural response of these systems and, ultimately, their service life. In this research, full-scale experiments were performed at the LINTRACK accelerated pavement testing...journal article 2022
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Wang, H. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Airey, G.D. (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be regarded as a binary composite system in which swollen rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. Previous study has successfully implemented the micromechanics models in predicting the complex moduli of CRMB binders using more representative constituent parameters. In the regime of master...journal article 2022
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Ren, S. (author), Jing, R. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Wang, Xuancang (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Lignin, one of the most abundant natural polymers, has been extensively studied as an additive in bituminous binders. Even though the lignin improves the overall resistance against oxidative aging of bitumen, it could lead to high thermal cracking sensitivity. In this study, a bio-oil (i.e., rapeseed oil) is implemented in lignin-modified...journal article 2022
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Wang, H. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be regarded as a binary composite system in which swollen rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. The current study aims to further improve the prediction accuracy of micromechanical models for CRMB by considering the interparticle interactions. To accomplish this goal, two different...journal article 2021
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Naus, Robbert (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The rejuvenation of epoxy modified bituminous binders is a topic of much debate because such binders may not be able to melt at high temperatures and restore their properties using recycling agents. This paper presents the results of an experimental program developed to evaluate the re-usability of an epoxy modified bitumen, or epoxy bitumen, by...journal article 2021
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, Di (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Lu, Guoyang (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubberized asphaltic materials have been frequently combined with warm-mix asphalt technologies to tackle the issues of high energy consumptions and emissions during construction. Effective and accurate characterization of binder properties is conducive to the improvement of long-term pavement performance. The current study aims to quantify...journal article 2021
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Jing, R. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)The degradation of bituminous materials as a result of ageing has a significant effect on asphalt pavement performance. In this study, one porous asphalt (PA) section and one stone mastic asphalt (SMA) asphalt pavement section were designed and constructed in 2014 and exposed to the actual environmental condition. To study the change in the...journal article 2021
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), Zhang, H. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author)Considering the application scenarios of rubber granules from waste tires in the bitumen modification process (wet or dry process), both aerobic and anaerobic aging of rubber may occur. The current study aims to investigate the thermal aging behavior of waste tire rubber samples using nanoindentation and environment scanning electron microscopy ...journal article 2021
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Jing, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Poeran, Natascha (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Organosolv lignin, a natural polymer, has been used in this study as an oxidation inhibitor in bitumen. Particularly, the effect of oxidative aging on the chemical compositional changes and on the rheology of bituminous binders with organosolv lignin and the impact to inhibit oxidation in bitumen were evaluated. Firstly, after analyzing the...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhu, Jiqing (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)Waste tire rubber has been incorporated into asphalt modification for decades due to its various benefits. There are two main mechanisms during bitumen–rubber interaction: rubber swelling and chemical degradation. This study surveys these two processes from the viewpoint of polymer science. The kinetics of rubber dissolution and...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Aging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Asphalt binders incorporating different modifiers is a common practice but empirically driven in most of the cases. Therefore, the fundamental understanding of modification mechanisms in asphalt binders is needed to design polymer modified binders in a controllable manner, especially today in which new modification technologies are proposed....journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)This work presents an experimental program developed to evaluate the effect of epoxy-asphalt binder, used as replacement of bitumen, on the durability and fatigue life of an asphalt concrete mix. The use of epoxy-type binder as tack coat has been explored as well and thus experiments have been conducted to quantify the effect of epoxy tack coat...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)One of the main drawbacks of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) is the storage stability issue. The storage instability of CRMB impedes its further application. This study aims to develop a robust methodology to evaluate the storage stability of CRMB binders using both mechanical and morphological tests. The effects of rubber contents (0, 5...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Lu, Guoyang (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Recently warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies have been introduced to rubberized asphalt mixtures to decrease the required construction temperatures and to alleviate the hazardous gas emissions. Rubberized asphalt pavements combining with WMA have the potential to improve the long-term pavement performance. This study aims to investigate the...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubber swelling in bitumen, which is a diffusion-induced volume expansion process, plays a dominant role in the design of crumb rubber modified bitumen binders and their properties development. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of bitumen diffusion into truck tire rubber, the equilibrium swelling characteristics of rubber, and the...journal article 2020
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Liu, X. (author), Kasbergen, C. (author), Li, J (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The adhesive bonding strength of the membrane layers between the asphalt concrete surface layers and the decks of steel bridges has a strong influence on the fatigue life of orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSDBs). The most important requirement for the application of membrane materials to orthotropic steel deck bridges is that the membrane...journal article 2020
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Modelling of membrane bonding response: Part 2 finite element simulations of membrane adhesion testsLiu, X. (author), Kasbergen, C. (author), Li, J (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Tzimiris, G. (author)The adhesive bonding strength of the membrane layers between the asphalt concrete surface layers and the decks of steel bridges has a strong influence on the fatigue life of orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSDBs). The interfacial properties between the membrane and the layers bonded to it have not been extensively studied in the current...journal article 2020