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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Epoxy-asphalt (EA) attracted the attention of road authorities in many countries as a solution for open-graded porous surface layers with enhanced durability and longevity. This research presents an experimental programme to assess the durability of epoxy-modified open-graded porous asphalt (EMOGPA) mixes, emphasising the effects of the...journal article 2023
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Pavement materials containing epoxy-asphalt are mainly used to enhance the fatigue cracking resistance of surfacing layers on bridges. These materials have also been proposed for roadways, but limited field data are available. In this research, a fully instrumented epoxy-modified asphalt surfacing layer was applied to measure strain responses in...journal article 2022
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author)In this study, a series of viscosity tests were performed to investigate various conditions, i.e. temperature, shear rate and dilution level, on the curing behavior of epoxy bitumen. The results show that curing rate of epoxy bitumen increased with temperature; high shear rate would interfere the formation of crosslinks in epoxy bitumen,...journal article 2022
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Anupam, K. (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), van Aggelen, M. (author)Membranes of sufficient bonding characteristics could improve the integrity of the multi-layer structures on orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSBDs), enhancing thus the structural response of these systems and, ultimately, their service life. In this research, full-scale experiments were performed at the LINTRACK accelerated pavement testing...journal article 2022
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Wang, H. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Airey, G.D. (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be regarded as a binary composite system in which swollen rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. Previous study has successfully implemented the micromechanics models in predicting the complex moduli of CRMB binders using more representative constituent parameters. In the regime of master...journal article 2022
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Ren, S. (author), Jing, R. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Wang, Xuancang (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Lignin, one of the most abundant natural polymers, has been extensively studied as an additive in bituminous binders. Even though the lignin improves the overall resistance against oxidative aging of bitumen, it could lead to high thermal cracking sensitivity. In this study, a bio-oil (i.e., rapeseed oil) is implemented in lignin-modified...journal article 2022
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Naus, Robbert (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The rejuvenation of epoxy modified bituminous binders is a topic of much debate because such binders may not be able to melt at high temperatures and restore their properties using recycling agents. This paper presents the results of an experimental program developed to evaluate the re-usability of an epoxy modified bitumen, or epoxy bitumen, by...journal article 2021
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, Di (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Lu, Guoyang (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubberized asphaltic materials have been frequently combined with warm-mix asphalt technologies to tackle the issues of high energy consumptions and emissions during construction. Effective and accurate characterization of binder properties is conducive to the improvement of long-term pavement performance. The current study aims to quantify...journal article 2021
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Lin, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Ren, S. (author)Observing the microstructure of bituminous binders with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can contribute significantly to reveal the underlying rejuvenation mechanism. In this study, three rejuvenators were selected to regenerate the aged SBS modified binders at five dosages, and their rheology was evaluated using a dynamic...journal article 2021
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Li, Mingliang (author), Xu, Jian (author)Lignin, as a major waste from biofuel and paper industries, could be utilized as a modifier to enhance the relevant performance of bitumen. However, the effects of lignin on the thermodynamics properties and molecular structure of bitumen are rarely studied. Meanwhile, the potential modification mechanism of lignin modified bitumen is still...journal article 2021
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Jing, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Poeran, Natascha (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Organosolv lignin, a natural polymer, has been used in this study as an oxidation inhibitor in bitumen. Particularly, the effect of oxidative aging on the chemical compositional changes and on the rheology of bituminous binders with organosolv lignin and the impact to inhibit oxidation in bitumen were evaluated. Firstly, after analyzing the...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhu, Jiqing (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)Waste tire rubber has been incorporated into asphalt modification for decades due to its various benefits. There are two main mechanisms during bitumen–rubber interaction: rubber swelling and chemical degradation. This study surveys these two processes from the viewpoint of polymer science. The kinetics of rubber dissolution and...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Aging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging...journal article 2020
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Lin, P. (author), Huang, Weidong (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, H. (author), Yan, Chuanqi (author)One of the most widely used polymer-based modifiers in asphalt binders is styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), which results in binders of increased modulus, strength, toughness, and resistance to permanent deformation. These properties are further improved with the increase of SBS polymer content in asphalt binders, producing binders such as high...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Asphalt binders incorporating different modifiers is a common practice but empirically driven in most of the cases. Therefore, the fundamental understanding of modification mechanisms in asphalt binders is needed to design polymer modified binders in a controllable manner, especially today in which new modification technologies are proposed....journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)This work presents an experimental program developed to evaluate the effect of epoxy-asphalt binder, used as replacement of bitumen, on the durability and fatigue life of an asphalt concrete mix. The use of epoxy-type binder as tack coat has been explored as well and thus experiments have been conducted to quantify the effect of epoxy tack coat...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubber swelling in bitumen, which is a diffusion-induced volume expansion process, plays a dominant role in the design of crumb rubber modified bitumen binders and their properties development. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of bitumen diffusion into truck tire rubber, the equilibrium swelling characteristics of rubber, and the...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Oxidative aging is responsible for the irreversible asphalt stiffening and embrittlement leading to asphalt pavements of increased susceptibility to fatigue and thermal cracking. In recent years, various flexible binders have been introduced in asphalt industry to produce long-life pavements and the epoxy asphalt binders are among them....journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be considered as a binary composite system where rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. The bitumen-rubber interaction process (mainly swelling) significantly changes the mechanical properties of both bitumen and rubber phases. This study aims to predict the complex moduli of CRMB binders...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Marocho, Paul (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)In-depth understanding of the synergetic effect between the various incorporating constituents in asphalt binders (e.g., polymers, fillers) is needed to design durable paving materials with desired properties. In this research, the focus was first on the effect of the reactivity of fillers on the evolution of adhesive strength between stone...journal article 2020
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