Seismic reflection imaging, accounting for primary and multiple reflections

Marchenko imaging

Traditionally, the Marchenko equation forms a basis for 1D inverse scattering problems. A 3D extension of the Marchenko equation enables the retrieval of the Green’s response to a virtual source in the subsurface from reflection measurements at the earth’s surface. This constitutes an important step beyond seismic interferometry. Whereas seismic...

Green's function retrieval from reflection data, in absence of a receiver at the virtual source position

The methodology of Green’s function retrieval by cross-correlation has led to many interesting applications for passive and controlled-source acoustic measurements. In all applications, a virtual source is created at the position of a receiver. Here a method is discussed for Green’s function retrieval from controlled-source reflection data,...

Data-driven Green's function retrieval and application to imaging with multidimensional deconvolution

An iterative method is presented that allows one to retrieve the Green's function originating from a virtual source located inside a medium using reflection data measured only at the acquisition surface. In addition to the reflection response, an estimate of the travel times corresponding to the direct arrivals is required. However, no detailed...

Interferometric redatuming of autofocused primaries and internal multiples

Recently, an iterative scheme has been introduced to retrieve the down- and upgoing Green's functions at an arbitrary level ?F inside an acoustic medium as if there were a source at the surface. This scheme requires as input the reflection response acquired at the surface and the direct arrival of the transmission response from the surface to...

Three-dimensional Marchenko equation for Green's function retrieval “beyond seismic interferometry”

In recent work we showed with heuristic arguments that the Green's response to a virtual source in the subsurface can be obtained from reflection data at the surface. This method is called “Green's function retrieval beyond seismic interferometry”, because, unlike in seismic interferometry, no receiver is needed at the position of the virtual...