Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of HIsarna Off-Gas System: Wall Modeling and Heat Loss Prediction

The HIsarna off-gas system wall is a cooling jacket made of cooling pipes arranged in the radial direction and in a circular pattern. Part of the off-gas system cooling pipes are isolated using a low-thermal-conductivity refractory material to protect the cooling pipe from melting and thermal stresses. During long runs and due to...

CFD modelling of the off-gas system HIsarna iron making process part 2: reflux chamber geometry modification and effects on flow behaviour

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the HIsarna off-gas system is set up and validated by real plant data. In the model detailed reaction mechanism and kinetic data for post-combustion of CO-H2 mixture and carbon particles are incorporated. The results are presented and discussed in another study (Part 1) by the...

Thermodynamic analysis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) formation inside the HIsarna off-gas system

HIsarna reactor is characterized by a high raw materials versatility and is therefore attractive for processing secondary iron sources. Among the materials that can be recycled through HIsarna, zinc-bearing material has drawn a special attention. Based on the plant data, once dust-containing Zinc was injected into the main reactor, a final...

Desulfurization of High-Sulfur HIsarna Hot Metal

The HIsarna process is one of the emerging low-CO₂ ironmaking processes that could help the steel industry in achieving their carbon footprint goals. HIsarna hot metal contains 3–4 times more sulfur than hot metal from blast furnaces (BFs). Therefore, a literature study, a thermodynamic analysis, and plant data analysis from Tata...

Thermal decomposition reaction kinetics of hematite ore

In order to understand the thermal decomposition kinetics of hematite particles in inert atmosphere, thermogravimetriy was employed for isoconversional analysis. The kinetic triplet was estimated from the experimental data and the isothermal reaction kinetics was predicted. The results indicated that the thermal decomposition could be divided...

Review and data evaluation for high-temperature reduction of iron oxide particles in suspension

High-temperature reduction processes of iron oxide particles suspension are promising in carbon emission abatement. Recently, researchers have contributed abundant knowledge of the reaction mechanism and kinetics of iron oxide particles above 1473 K, while there was very limited information 10 years ago. Although the understanding of the high...

Zinc Reduction/Vaporisation Behaviour from Metallurgical Wastes

The steelmaking industry produces large quantities of zinc-bearing wastes of varying forms that cannot be treated through integrated steelmaking processes. Simultaneously, by-products of the zinc industry containing great amounts of iron and zinc are stored or landfilled. The amount of zinc in these materials is generally below that which is...

Prediction of density and volume variation of hematite ore particles during in-flight melting and reduction

HIsarna is a promising ironmaking technology to reduce CO ₂ emission. Information of phase transformation is essential for reaction analysis of the cyclone reactor of the HIsarna process. In addition, data of density and volume of the ore particles are necessary for estimation of the residence time of the particles in the cyclone...

Desulphurisation of Hisarna hot metal: a comparisson study based on plant data

HIsarna is a smelting reduction ironmaking process that is currently in the pilot plant development phase. HIsarna produces hot metal with higher sulphur, lower phosphorus and manganese, almost no silicon and titanium and a lower temperature compared to the blast furnace. Because of that, desulphurisation of the HIsarna hot metal is one of the...