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Validation and Inference of Geometrical Relationships in IFC

Krijnen, T.F. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The Industry Foundation Classes are a prevalent open standard to exchange Building Information Models. In such a model, geometric representations are provided for individual building elements along with semantic information, including a significant amount of properties related togeometry and explicit topological relationships. These...

conference paper 2020

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A proposal for an improved transportation model in CityGML

Labetski, A. (author), van Gerwen, Stefan (author), Tamminga, G.F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

CityGML, an OGC standard, is an open data model for virtual 3D city models and includes buildings, roads, terrain, water bodies, etc. While many modules are well-developed (eg buildings, bridges, tunnels), the transportation model is, based on our consultations with various government agencies and municipalities, not sufficient for most...

conference paper 2018

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Dynamic 3d visualization of floods: Case of the Netherlands

Kumar, Kavisha (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

In this paper, we review state of the art 3D visualization technologies for floods and we focus on the Netherlands since it has a long history of dealing with floods and developing information technology solutions to prevent and predict them. We discuss the most recent advances in using 3D city models for modelling floods and discuss future...

conference paper 2018

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Modelling urban noise in CityGML ADE: Case of the Netherlands

Kumar, Kavisha (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Commandeur, T.J.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Road traffic and industrial noise has become a major source of discomfort and annoyance among the residents in urban areas. More than 44 % of the EU population is regularly exposed to road traffic noise levels over 55 dB, which is currently the maximum accepted value prescribed by the Environmental Noise Directive for road traffic...

conference paper 2017

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Towards an integration of GIS and BIM data: What are the geometric and topological issues?

Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Diakite, A.A. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Geographic information and building information modelling both model buildings and infrastructure, but the way in which they are modelled is usually complimentary and BIM-GIS integration is widely considered as a way forward for both domains. For one, more detailed BIM data can feed more general GIS data and GIS data can provide the context...

conference paper 2017

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Generalising 3D Buildings from LoD2 to LoD1

Labetski, A. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The increasing popularity of 3D city models in navigation, urban planning, etc.,<br/>necessitates application-specific and geometrically accurate and valid models. The concept of Levels of Detail (LoDs) indicate a model’s scale of adherence to its real-world counterpart. Highly detailed datasets often contain errors or require an exorbitant...

conference paper 2017

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First 3D Cadastral Registration of Multi-level Ownerships Rights in the Netherlands

Stoter, Jantien (author), Ploeger, Hendrik (author), Roes, Ruben (author), van der Riet, Els (author), Biljecki, Filip (author), Ledoux, Hugo (author)

This paper reports on the first 3D cadastral registration of multi-level ownerships rights in the Netherlands, which was accomplished in March 2016. It is the result of a study that was undertaken from 2013 to 2015 to determine how insight about multi-level ownership can be provided in 3D by the cadastral registration. The solution was sought...

conference paper 2016

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The most common geometric and semantic errors in CityGML datasets

Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Du, X. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Soon, Kean Huat (author), Khoo, Victor (author)

To be used as input in most simulation and modelling software, 3D city models should be geometrically and topologically valid, and semantically rich. We investigate in this paper what is the quality of currently available CityGML datasets, i.e. we validate the geometry/topology of the 3D primitives (Solid and MultiSurface), and we validate...

conference paper 2016

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First 3D Cadastral Registration of Multi-level Ownerships Rights in the Netherlands

Stoter, J.E. (author), Ploeger, H.D. (author), Roes, Ruben (author), van der Riet, Els (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author)

This paper reports on the first 3D cadastral registration of multi-level ownerships rights in the Netherlands, which was accomplished in March 2016. It is the result of a study that was undertaken from 2013 to 2015 to determine how insight about multi-level ownership can be provided in 3D by the cadastral registration. The solution was sought...

conference paper 2016

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Generation of multi-LOD 3D city models in CityGML with the procedural modelling engine Random3Dcity

Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The production and dissemination of semantic 3D city models is rapidly increasing benefiting a growing number of use cases. However, their availability in multiple LODs and in the CityGML format is still problematic in practice. This hinders applications and experiments where multi-LOD datasets are required as input, for instance, to determine...

conference paper 2016

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Defining simple nD operations based on prismatic nD objects

Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

An alternative to the traditional approaches to model separately 2D/3D space, time, scale and other parametrisable characteristics in GIS lies in the higher-dimensional modelling of geographic information, in which a chosen set of non-spatial characteristics, e.g. time and scale, are modelled as extra geometric dimensions perpendicular to the...

conference paper 2016

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Establishing a national 3D geo-data model for building data compliant to CityGML: Case of Turkey

Ates Aydar, S. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Demir Ozbek, E. (author), Yomraliogly, T (author)

This paper presents the generation of the 3D national building geo-data model of Turkey, which is compatible with the international OGC CityGML Encoding Standard. We prepare an ADE named CityGML-TRKBIS.BI that is produced by extending existing thematic modules of CityGML according to TRKBIS needs. All thematic data groups in TRKBIS geo-data...

conference paper 2016

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A CityGML extension for handling very large tins

Kumar, Kavisha (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

In addition to buildings, the terrain forms an important part of a 3D city model. Although in GIS terrains are usually represented with 2D grids, TINs are also increasingly being used in practice. One example is 3DTOP10NL, the 3D city model covering the whole of the Netherlands, which stores the relief with a constrained TIN containing more than...

conference paper 2016

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Comparative analysis of data structures for storing massive tins in a DBMS

Kumar, Kavisha (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Point cloud data are an important source for 3D geoinformation. Modern day 3D data acquisition and processing techniques such as airborne laser scanning and multi-beam echosounding generate billions of 3D points for simply an area of few square kilometers. With the size of the point clouds exceeding the billion mark for even a small area,...

conference paper 2016

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Towards sustainable and clean 3D Geoinformation

Stoter, J.E. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Zlatanova, S. (author), Biljecki, F. (author)

This paper summarises the on going research activities of the 3D Geoinformation Group at the Delft University of Technology. The main challenge underpinning the research of this group is providing clean and appropriate 3D data about our environment in order to serve a wide variety of applications. The research aims at designing, developing and...

conference paper 2016

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State-of-the-art of 3D national mapping in 2016

Stoter, J.E. (author), Vallet, B. (author), Lithen, T. (author), Pla, M (author), Wozniak, P. (author), Kellenberger, T (author), Streilein, A (author), Ilves, R. (author), Ledoux, H. (author)

Techniques for 3D mapping are maturing. At the same time the need for 3D data is increasing. This has pushed national (and regional) mapping agencies (NMAs) to consider extending their traditional task of providing topographic data into the third dimension. To show how research results in 3D mapping obtained over the past twenty years have...

conference paper 2016

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Storing a 3D city model, its levels of detail and the correspondences between objects as a 4D combinatorial map

Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

3D city models of the same region at multiple LODs are encumbered by the lack of links between corresponding objects across LODs. In practice, this causes inconsistency during updates and maintenance problems. A radical solution to this problem is to model the LOD of a model as a dimension in the geometric sense, such that a set of connected...

conference paper 2015

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Improving the consistency of multi-LOD CityGML datasets by removing redundancy

Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The CityGML standard enables the modelling of some topological relationships, and the representation in multiple levels of detail (LODs). However, both concepts are rarely utilised in reality. In this paper we investigate the linking of corresponding geometric features across multiple representations. We describe the possible topological cases,...

conference paper 2014

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Height references of CityGML LOD1 buildings and their influence on applications

Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The geometry of the LOD1 block model of CityGML may be represented in a multitude of valid variants, e.g. it may represent individual buildings or aggregated blocks. The geometric representations within each of these, such as the reference of the footprint of a building, are not standardised in CityGML and are not informed in the metadata. The...

conference paper 2014

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Error propagation in the computation of volumes in 3D city models with the Monte Carlo method

Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J. (author)

This paper describes the analysis of the propagation of positional uncertainty in 3D city models to the uncertainty in the computation of their volumes. Current work related to error propagation in GIS is limited to 2D data and 2D GIS operations, especially of rasters. In this research we have (1) developed two engines, one that generates random...

conference paper 2014