A review of small heat pipes for electronics

Heat pipes (HPs) have received considerable attention in recent decades, especially in the field of cooling electronics, which requires the removal of added heat from an area of limited volume to the environment. Small HPs are widely used in electronic applications, which are normally limited by the compact structure and dimensions of the...

First-principles study of the effect of functional groups on polyaniline backbone

We present a first-principles density functional theory study focused on how the chemical and electronic properties of polyaniline are adjusted by introducing suitable substituents on a polymer backbone. Analyses of the obtained energy barriers, reaction energies and minimum energy paths indicate that the chemical reactivity of the polyaniline...