Apparatisation in & of architecture

Apparatus and apparatisation, the focus of the Cyber-Physical Architecture (CpA) issue #2 of SPOOL, refer to an assemblage of various components, tools, and instruments that in combination produce an exponential surplus beyond the linear sum of parts. On the one hand, apparatus can be seen as a collective of means used to perform certain tasks...

Preface, Electronic Government

Special issue on the dynamics and behaviours of pedestrian groups

In the study of pedestrian dynamics, the consideration of group behaviours is essential, as group interaction within crowds is a common phenomenon and significantly influences pedestrian behaviours. This special issue highlights the importance of pedestrian group behaviours and examines the subject using a wide range of methods, such as...