Investigating the effect of artists’ paint formulation on degradation rates of TiO₂‑based oil paints

This study reports on the effect of artists’ paint formulation on degradation rates of TiO2-based oil paints. Titanium white oil paint exists in a multitude of different recipes, and the effect of the formulation on photocatalytic binder<br/>degradation kinetics is unknown. These formulations contain, among others, one or both titanium dioxide...

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Titanium white (TiO₂) has been widely used as a pigment in the 20th century. However, its most photocatalytic form (anatase) can cause severe degradation of the oil paint in which it is contained. UV light initiates TiO₂-photocatalyzed processes in the paint film, degrading the oil binder into volatile components...

In situ studies of NO reduction by H₂ over Pt using surface X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy

In situ surface X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy at 1 bar show massive material transport of platinum during high-temperature NO reduction with H₂. A Pt(110) single-crystal surface shows a wide variety of surface reconstructions and extensive faceting of the surface. Pt nanoparticles change their morphology...

Au capping agent removal using plasma at mild temperature

To prevent sintering, ozone treatment at mild temperature is used to remove the capping agent from supported Au nanoparticles. The Au nanoparticles are first synthesized as a colloidal solution and then supported on alumina. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) shows the capping agent is removed completely. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM...

Instability of NiMoS₂ and CoMoS₂ Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts at Ambient Conditions: A Quasi in Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study

The effect of exposure to ambient air of MoS₂-based, γ-Al₂O₃-supported, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts has been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Analysis of unpromoted as well as Ni- and Co-promoted MoS₂ samples showed that the number of MoS₂...

How to achieve safe, high-quality clinical studies with non-Medicinal Investigational Products? A practical guideline by using intra-bronchial carbon nanoparticles as case study

Background: Clinical studies investigating medicinal products need to comply with laws concerning good clinical practice (GCP) and good manufacturing practice (GMP) to guarantee the quality and safety of the product, to protect the health of the participating individual and to assure proper performance of the study. However, there are no...

Intermediate stages of electrochemical oxidation of single-crystalline platinum revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy

Understanding the atomistic details of how platinum surfaces are oxidized under electrochemical conditions is of importance for many electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrolysers. Here we use in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to identify the intermediate stages of the electrochemical oxidation of...

Iridium-based double perovskites for efficient water oxidation in acid media

The development of active, cost-effective and stable oxygen-evolving catalysts is one of the major challenges for solar-to-fuel conversion towards sustainable energy generation. Iridium oxide exhibits the best available compromise between catalytic activity and stability in acid media, but it is prohibitively expensive for large-scale...

A quick assessment of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 pigments: From lab to conservation studio!

Titanium dioxide is the most abundantly used white pigment of the 20th century. The pigment is still in use, both in the production of contemporary art and for the conservation of older artwork as a retouching pigment. Unfortunately, next to its positive characteristics, the pigment has one major potential drawback: its photocatalytic activity...

Inhibition of a Gold-Based Catalyst in Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation: Understanding and Remediation

Benzyl alcohol oxidation was carried out in toluene as solvent, in the presence of the potentially inhibiting oxidation products benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Benzoic acid, or a product of benzoic acid, is identified to be the inhibiting species. The presence of a basic potassium salt (K2CO3 or KF) suppresses this inhibition, but promotes the...

Particle Imaging and Flow Visualization of In-situ TEM Nanoreactors

In situ HRTEM of a catalyst using a nanoreactor at 1 bar

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.

Nanoreacties in de microscoop

A Study on Titanium-Silicalite-1 and Related Systems