Preliminary Sizing Method for Hybrid-Electric Distributed-Propulsion Aircraft

The use of hybrid-electric propulsion (HEP) entails several potential benefits such as the distribution of power along the airframe, which enables synergistic configurations with improved aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive preliminary sizing method suitable for the conceptual design process of...

High-Frequency 3d Geomorphic Observation Using Hourly Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data Of A Sandy Beach

Geomorphic processes occur spatially variable and at varying magnitudes, frequencies and velocities, which poses a great challenge to current methods of topographic change analysis. For the quantification of surface change, permanent terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can generate time series of 3D point clouds at high temporal and spatial...

Clustering time series of repeated scan data of sandy beaches

Sandy beaches are highly dynamic areas affected by different natural and anthropogenic effects. Large changes, caused by a storm for example, are in general well-understood and easy to measure. Most times, only small changes, at the centimeter scale, are occurring, but these changes accumulate significantly over periods from weeks to months....

Cross-shore intertidal bar behavior along the dutch coast: Laser measurements and conceptual model

Intertidal bars are naturally occurring morphological features along the waterline of sandy beaches. Present quantitative knowledge on intertidal bar behavior is limited, due to the scarcity of data resources and the limitations of traditional survey techniques. To investigate and quantify the cross-shore morphologic behavior of intertidal...

Engineering method to estimate the blade loading of propellers in nonuniform flow

Advances in aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency of future aircraft can be achieved by strategic installation of propellers near the airframe. This paper presents a robust and computationally efficient engineering method to estimate the load distribution of a propeller operating in arbitrary nonuniform flow that is induced by the airframe...

Range equation for hybrid-electric aircraft with constant power split

There has been a surge in research related to hybrid-/ electric propulsion (HEP) over the past decade, since this technology has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and in-flight emissions of commercial aircraft and, therefore, to bring the aviation sector closer to the sustainability targets established by the European Commission [1]...

Aerodynamic Performance and Static Stability Characteristics of Aircraft with Tail-Mounted Propellers

In this combined experimental and numerical study, the propeller–airframe aerodynamic interaction is characterized for an aircraft configuration with propellers mounted to the horizontal tailplane. The contributions of the propeller and airframe to the overall loading are distinguished in the experimental analyses by using a combination of...

Experimental Investigation of Over-the-Wing Propeller–Boundary-Layer Interaction

This experimental study focuses on the aerodynamic interaction between an over-the-wing (OTW) propeller and a wing boundary layer. An OTW propeller is positioned above the hinge line of a wing with a trailing-edge flap. Measurements are carried out with and without axial pressure gradients by deflecting the flap and by extending the flat upper...

Aerodynamic interaction between propellers of a distributed-propulsion system in forward flight

This article describes an experimental investigation of the aerodynamic interaction that occurs between distributed propellers in forward flight. To this end, three propellers were installed in close proximity in a wind tunnel, and the changes in their performance, flow-field characteristics, and noise production were quantified using...

A high-resolution 4D terrestrial laser scan dataset of the Kijkduin beach-dune system, The Netherlands

Sandy coasts form the interface between land and sea and their morphologies are highly dynamic. A combination of human and natural forcing results in morphologic changes affecting both nature values and coastal safety. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a technique enabling near-continuous monitoring of the changing morphology of a sandy...

Cross-Validation of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Sizing Methods

The number of studies on hybrid-electric aircraft is steadily increasing because these configurations can lead to lower operating costs and environmental impact than traditional aircraft. However, due to the lack of reference data of actual hybrid-electric aircraft, the design tools and results are difficult to validate. This paper analyzes...

Aerodynamic Performance Benefits of Over-the-Wing Distributed Propulsion for Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft

The goal of this study is to analyze how the aeropropulsive benefits of an over-the-wing distributed-propulsion (OTWDP) system at the component level translate into an aeropropulsive benefit at the aircraft level, as well as to determine whether this enhancement is sufficient to lead to a reduction in overall energy consumption. For this, the...