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Fu, W. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Haptic displays can greatly facilitate manual control tasks. Their capacity of allowing the operator to perceive the desired dynamics is an important design parameter. However, attempts to evaluate haptic displays on the basis of what dynamics humans actually perceive are scarce. This paper proposes a two-step framework which incorporates the...journal article 2019
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Klein Koerkamp, N.W. (author), Borst, C. (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Real-time optimization of Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) during mission operations raises concerns regarding obtaining a solution within a reasonable timeframe, especially in domains where operations cannot easily be paused and the number of control parameters is high. Humans, however, are heuristic problem solvers and could potentially...journal article 2019
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Rojer, Jim (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper describes a novel method for time-varying identification of Human Controller (HC) manual control parameters (called UKF-FPV), based on a steady-state (constant state covariance) Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). This approach requires no a priori assumptions on the shape of HC parameter variations, which is a potential advantage over...journal article 2019
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Drop, F.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Mathematical control models are widely used in tuning manual control systems and understanding human performance. The most common model, the crossover model, is severely limited, however, in describing realistic human control behaviour in relevant control tasks as it is only valid for tracking with a compensatory display. This paper first...journal article 2019
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Plaetinck, Wouter (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Time-varying pilot control identification is essential for better understanding of how pilots respond when faced with sudden changes in the dynamics of the vehicle they control, such as when automatic control and stabilization systems disengage or undergo a mode transition. This paper presents the results of a human-in-the-loop experiment...journal article 2019
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Kolff, M.J.C. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)The understanding of human responses to visual information in car driving tasks requires the use of system identification tools that put constraints on the design of data collection experiments. Most importantly, multisine perturbation signals are required, including a multisine road geometry, to separately identify the different driver...journal article 2019
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Willems, M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Damveld, H.J. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Human modelling approaches are typically limited to feedback-only, compensatory tracking tasks. Advances in system identification techniques allow us to consider more realistic tasks that involve feedforward and even precognitive control. In this paper we study the human development of a feedforward control response while learning to...journal article 2019
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Fu, W. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Time delays in haptic teleoperation affect the ability of human operators to assess mechanical properties (damping, mass, and stiffness) of the remote environment. To address this, we propose a unified framework for human haptic perception of the mechanical properties of environments with delayed force feedback. In a first experiment, we...journal article 2019
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Novel driver support systems potentially enhance road safety by cooperating with the human driver. To optimize the design of emerging steering support systems, a profound understanding of driver steering behavior is required. This article proposes a new theory of driver steering, which unifies visual perception and control models. The theory...journal article 2019
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Barendswaard, S. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Vehicle control tasks require simultaneous control of multiple degrees-of-freedom. Most multi-axis human-control modeling is limited to the modeling of multiple fully independent single axes. This paper contributes to the understanding of multi-axis control behavior and draws a more realistic and complete picture of dual-axis manual control....journal article 2019
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Landman, H.M. (author), Davies, Simon (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Lawson, Nicholas (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)We hypothesized that an incorrect expectation due to spatial disorientation may induce roll reversal errors. To test this, an in-flight experiment was performed, in which forty non-pilots rolled wings level after receiving motion cues. A No-leans condition (subthreshold motion to a bank angle) was included, as well as a Leans-opposite condition ...journal article 2019
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Fu, W. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Most haptic interfaces developed for aircraft control provide haptic support as an additional force on the control manipulator. This study revisits the active manipulator, which is a design concept that is different from but complementary to existing haptic interfaces. This control device sends the force that the pilot exerts on it to the...journal article 2019
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Landman, H.M. (author), van Oorschot, P. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Objective: This study tested whether simulator-based training of pilot responses to unexpected or novel events can be improved by including unpredictability and variability in training scenarios. Background: Current regulations allow for highly predictable and invariable training, which may not be sufficient to prepare pilots for unexpected...journal article 2018
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van Paassen, M.M. (author), Borst, C. (author), Ellerbroek, Joost (author), Mulder, Max (author), Flach, John M. (author)Ecological interface design (EID) was originally developed in the context of process control but has been extended into many domains where technology has resulted in both changing work demands and increased opportunities for improved interface applications. This paper gives an overview of the application of the EID to the control of vehicle...journal article 2018
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Drop, F.M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Bulthoff, Heinrich H. (author)The human controller (HC) in manual control of a dynamical system often follows a visible and predictable reference path (target). The HC can adopt a control strategy combining closed-loop feedback and an open-loop feedforward response. The effects of the target signal waveform shape and the system dynamics on the human feedforward dynamics...journal article 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Due to linear perspective, the visual stimulus provided by a previewed reference trajectory reduces with increasing distance ahead. This paper investigates the effects of linear perspective on human use of preview in manual control tasks. Results of a human-in-the-loop tracking experiment are presented, where the linear perspective&#x0027...journal article 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper investigates how humans use a previewed target trajectory for control in tracking tasks with various controlled element dynamics. The human's hypothesized "near" and "far" control mechanisms are first analyzed offline in simulations with a quasi-linear model. Second, human control behavior is quantified by fitting the same model to...journal article 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Padmos, S. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In manual control tasks, preview of the target trajectory ahead is often limited by poor lighting, objects, or display edges. This paper investigates the effects of limited preview, or preview time, in manual tracking tasks with single- and double-integrator controlled element dynamics. A quasi-linear human controller model is used to predict...journal article 2018
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Objective: A conceptual model is proposed in order to explain pilot performance in surprising and startling situations. Background: Today’s debate around loss of control following in-flight events and the implementation of upset prevention and recovery training has highlighted the importance of pilots’ ability to deal with unexpected events....journal article 2017
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert (author), Mulder, Max (author)Objective: The aim of this study was to test if performance of airline pilots, in performing an aerodynamic stall recovery procedure, decreases when they are surprised, compared to when they anticipate a stall event.<br/>Background: New flight-safety regulations for commercial aviation recommend the introduction of surprise and startle in upset...journal article 2017