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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Fundamental models should be developed and utilized in order to facilitate the chemo-mechanical design of modified binder systems for paving applications but not only. Especially, the fact that the incorporation of new chemical substances used as bio-based modifiers or alternative binders is attracting great interest to replace traditional...conference paper 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Aging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging...journal article 2020
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Lin, P. (author), Huang, Weidong (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, H. (author), Yan, Chuanqi (author)One of the most widely used polymer-based modifiers in asphalt binders is styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), which results in binders of increased modulus, strength, toughness, and resistance to permanent deformation. These properties are further improved with the increase of SBS polymer content in asphalt binders, producing binders such as high...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Asphalt binders incorporating different modifiers is a common practice but empirically driven in most of the cases. Therefore, the fundamental understanding of modification mechanisms in asphalt binders is needed to design polymer modified binders in a controllable manner, especially today in which new modification technologies are proposed....journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)This work presents an experimental program developed to evaluate the effect of epoxy-asphalt binder, used as replacement of bitumen, on the durability and fatigue life of an asphalt concrete mix. The use of epoxy-type binder as tack coat has been explored as well and thus experiments have been conducted to quantify the effect of epoxy tack coat...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubber swelling in bitumen, which is a diffusion-induced volume expansion process, plays a dominant role in the design of crumb rubber modified bitumen binders and their properties development. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of bitumen diffusion into truck tire rubber, the equilibrium swelling characteristics of rubber, and the...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Oxidative aging is responsible for the irreversible asphalt stiffening and embrittlement leading to asphalt pavements of increased susceptibility to fatigue and thermal cracking. In recent years, various flexible binders have been introduced in asphalt industry to produce long-life pavements and the epoxy asphalt binders are among them....journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be considered as a binary composite system where rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. The bitumen-rubber interaction process (mainly swelling) significantly changes the mechanical properties of both bitumen and rubber phases. This study aims to predict the complex moduli of CRMB binders...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Marocho, Paul (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)In-depth understanding of the synergetic effect between the various incorporating constituents in asphalt binders (e.g., polymers, fillers) is needed to design durable paving materials with desired properties. In this research, the focus was first on the effect of the reactivity of fillers on the evolution of adhesive strength between stone...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)In epoxy-bitumen systems, temperature contributes to the development of physiochemical and mechanical characteristics during curing (chemical hardening) and at the long-term service (oxidative aging) of pavement structures. Hardening (i.e., chemical or oxidative controlled) is a complex phenomenon in epoxy-modified binders and the in-depth...journal article 2019
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Nahar, Sayeda (author), Liu, X. (author), Lommerts, Bert-Jan (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The utilization of epoxy-based polymers as bituminous modifiers in developing durable and long-lasting pavement structures have gained increasing interest over the last years showing evidence of high performing materials (1-8). It has been noticed that the addition of epoxy-based modifier into bitumen lead to materials with superior...conference paper 2019
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Zegard, A. (author), Smal, L. (author), Naus, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The addition of epoxy modifier in bitumen is a relatively new modification technology (1-4) and the most critical epoxy polymerization-induced changes of the epoxy-bituminous materials are not fully understood. Different phenomena take place when epoxy modifiers are incorporated into bitumen and they are dependent on the material hardening...conference paper 2019
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, M (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The addition of epoxy modifier in bitumen is a relatively new modification technology (1-4) and the most critical epoxy polymerization-induced changes of the epoxy-bituminous materials are not fully understood. Different phenomena take place when epoxy modifiers are incorporated into bitumen and they are dependent on the material hardening...conference paper 2019
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Daniel, Gerald C. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The utilization of synthetic fibers has been reported in the past (1-8) showing enhancement of fatigue and thermal cracking resistance in asphaltic materials. However, the limited evidences about the benefits of these fibres in asphaltic materials at low material scales have been noticed. Also, the exact reinforcing mechanism of binding system...conference paper 2019
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Zhang, Yi (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Gard, W.F. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Jing, R. (author)As bitumen oxidizes, material stiffening and embrittlement occur, and bitumen eventually cracks. The use of anti-oxidants, such as lignin, could be used to delay oxidative aging and to extend the lifetime of asphalt pavements. In this study, the chemical and rheological effect of lignin on bitumen was evaluated by using a single dosage organsolv...journal article 2019
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Daniel, C.G. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The use of synthetic fibres has been reported to enhance the performance of asphalt pavement materials in terms of permanent deformation, fatigue and thermal cracking. However, limited results about the benefits of synthetic fibres in the reinforced warm-mix asphaltic materials, and the exact mechanism of reinforcing the binding part in pavement...conference paper 2019
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) has been utilized in the asphalt paving industry for decades due to its various benefits. The main mechanisms of bitumen-crumb rubber interaction include rubber particle swelling and chemical degradation. Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) swelling plays a dominant role in controlling the property development of...journal article 2019
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Daniel, Gerald C. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The utilisation of synthetic fibres has been reported in the past showing enhancement of fatigue and thermal cracking resistance in asphaltic materials. However, the limited evidences about the benefits of these fibres in asphaltic materials at low material scales have been noticed. Also, the exact reinforcing mechanism of binding system in the...journal article 2019
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Epoxy modification of asphalt binders has been recognized as a very effective technology to alter the chemistry of asphaltic materials in such a way that long-lasting pavement structures can be designed. However, the phenomena that are involved to build up the physico-mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt systems are still unknown. The focus of...journal article 2019
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Induction heating driven polymerisation is an in-situ curing technique for epoxy-asphalt systems that maintains most of the advantages of temperature-driven polymerisation and it solves the need for longer curing time periods at lower temperatures before traffic can be allowed. In particular, induction heating can be utilised to accelerate the...journal article 2019