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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)In epoxy-bitumen systems, temperature contributes to the development of physiochemical and mechanical characteristics during curing (chemical hardening) and at the long-term service (oxidative aging) of pavement structures. Hardening (i.e., chemical or oxidative controlled) is a complex phenomenon in epoxy-modified binders and the in-depth...journal article 2019
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Jing, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Poeran, Natascha (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Organosolv lignin, a natural polymer, has been used in this study as an oxidation inhibitor in bitumen. Particularly, the effect of oxidative aging on the chemical compositional changes and on the rheology of bituminous binders with organosolv lignin and the impact to inhibit oxidation in bitumen were evaluated. Firstly, after analyzing the...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhu, Jiqing (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)Waste tire rubber has been incorporated into asphalt modification for decades due to its various benefits. There are two main mechanisms during bitumen–rubber interaction: rubber swelling and chemical degradation. This study surveys these two processes from the viewpoint of polymer science. The kinetics of rubber dissolution and...journal article 2020
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Zhang, H. (author), Anupam, K. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Kasbergen, C. (author), Erkens, S. (author)In the Netherlands, more than 80% of the highways are surfaced by porous asphalt (PA) mixes. The benefits of using PA mixes include, among others, the reduction of noise and the improvement of skid resistance. However, pavements with PA mixes are known to have a shorter lifetime and higher maintenance costs as compared with traditional dense...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Microwave heating is a promising heating technology for the maintenance, recycling and deicing of pavement structures. Many experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the microwave heating properties of asphalt mixtures in the laboratory. However, very few studies investigated the application of microwave heating on asphalt...conference paper 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, H. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Oxidative aging is a complex phenomenon in bitumen and its fundamental understanding is needed to optimize paving materials with long-lasting characteristics. This research reports on a diffuse-reaction model for predicting the oxidation of bituminous binders over time and under different conditions. As known, the oxidation of bitumen is...conference paper 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)In-depth understanding of the temperature effect on oxidative aging in epoxy-asphalt blends is needed to enable accurate predictions on material response through their service life. Details of the significance of developing prediction models and tools on oxidative aging of pavement materials are presented in a companion paper (Apostolidis et al....conference paper 2020
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)During oxidative aging, oxygen reacts with active molecules present in bitumen producing polar compounds, principally ketones and sulfoxides, and increasing in the portion of asphaltenes. In general, oxidation reactions in bitumen yields to change its generic chemical composition and finally its colloidal structure deteriorating the physico...conference paper 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Fundamental models should be developed and utilized in order to facilitate the chemo-mechanical design of modified binder systems for paving applications but not only. Especially, the fact that the incorporation of new chemical substances used as bio-based modifiers or alternative binders is attracting great interest to replace traditional...conference paper 2020
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Sun, Z. (author), Kasbergen, C. (author), van Dalen, K.N. (author), Anupam, K. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Maintenance and rehabilitation strategies of pavements are usually made based on the results of performance evaluation. An efficient tool for pavement structural evaluation at network level is the traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) test. In order to deal with TSD measurements, this paper proposes a parameter back-calculation technique. Firstly,...conference paper 2020
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Zhang, H. (author), Anupam, K. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Kasbergen, C. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Al Khateeb, Loay (author)The mechanical properties of asphalt mixture are always required for the evaluation of the durability of pavements. In order to obtain these properties without conducting expensive laboratory tests and using calibrated empirical models, research studies have been carried out to develop micromechanics-based models. Continuum-based...review 2020
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Jing, R. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), van Lent, D.Q. (author), Erkens, S. (author)Ageing of bituminous materials contributes to various forms of pavement failures, thus leading to the degradation of pavement performance. To understand the evolution of pavement performance, the development of a proper laboratory protocol to simulate long-term ageing process of asphalt mixtures is of uppermost importance. In this study, the...conference paper 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Aging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging...journal article 2020
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Stouthamer, Esther (author), Erkens, Gilles (author), Cohen, Kim (author), Hegger, Dries (author), Driessen, Peter (author), Weikard, Hans Peter (author), Hefting, Mariet (author), Hanssen, R.F. (author), Fokker, Peter A. (author), Akker, Jan van den (author), van Rijswick, Marleen (author)In the Netherlands land subsidence is a continuously ongoing process. Consequently, an increasing number of people and economic assets are exposed to subsidence, damage costs are soaring, and flood risk and greenhouse gas emissions are increasing. In some areas tipping points have already been reached, where current land-use can no longer be...conference paper 2020
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Xiao, Yue (author), Erkens, S. (author), Li, Mingliang (author), Ma, Tao (author), Liu, X. (author)This Special Issue "Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials" has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of environmentally-friendly designed pavement materials. For this reason, articles included in this special issue relate to different aspects of pavement materials, from industry solid waste...contribution to periodical 2020
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Tiggeloven, Timothy (author), de Moel, Hans (author), Winsemius, H.C. (author), Eilander, Dirk (author), Erkens, Gilles (author), Gebremedhin, Eskedar (author), Diaz-Loaiza, Andres (author), Kuzma, Samantha (author), Luo, Tianyi (author), Iceland, Charles (author)<p>Coastal flood hazard and exposure are expected to increase over the course of the 21st century, leading to increased coastal flood risk. In order to limit the increase in future risk, or even reduce coastal flood risk, adaptation is necessary. Here, we present a framework to evaluate the future benefits and costs of structural protection...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Asphalt binders incorporating different modifiers is a common practice but empirically driven in most of the cases. Therefore, the fundamental understanding of modification mechanisms in asphalt binders is needed to design polymer modified binders in a controllable manner, especially today in which new modification technologies are proposed....journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)This work presents an experimental program developed to evaluate the effect of epoxy-asphalt binder, used as replacement of bitumen, on the durability and fatigue life of an asphalt concrete mix. The use of epoxy-type binder as tack coat has been explored as well and thus experiments have been conducted to quantify the effect of epoxy tack coat...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)One of the main drawbacks of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) is the storage stability issue. The storage instability of CRMB impedes its further application. This study aims to develop a robust methodology to evaluate the storage stability of CRMB binders using both mechanical and morphological tests. The effects of rubber contents (0, 5...journal article 2020
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Jing, R. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)Accelerated pavement testing (APT) is an effective method in evaluating pavement performance by applying wheel loading and speed under controlled conditions. This study aims to investigate the effects of wheel loading, speed and ambient temperature on the pavement responses at different directions and depths of pavement structure. A two-layer...book chapter 2020