Automated actual evapotranspiration estimation: Hybrid model of a novel attention based U-Net and metaheuristic optimization algorithms

Actual evapotranspiration (ET_a) plays a crucial role in the water and energy cycles of the earth. An accurate estimate of the ET_a is essential for management of the water resources, agriculture, and irrigation, as well as research on atmospheric variations. Despite the importance of accurate ET_a values,...

Evaluation of chemical parameters of urban drinking water quality along with health risk assessment: A case study of ardabil province, iran

In recent years, in addition to water resources’ quantity, their quality has also received much attention. In this study, the quality of the urban water distribution network in northwestern Iran was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI) method. Then, some important trace elements were investigated, and finally, the health risk...

Evaluation of integrating swat model into a multi-criteria decision analysis towards reliable rainwater harvesting systems

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been recognized as one of the most reliable and efficient methods for water supply, especially in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs) facing freshwater scarcity. Nevertheless, due to the inherent uncertainty of input data and subjectivity involved in the selection of influential parameters, the identification of...

Characterization, geostatistical modeling and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in groundwater resources of northeastern Iran

Study region: Northeastern Iran. Study focus: In northeastern Iran, water needed for municipal and agricultural activities mainly comes from groundwater resources. However, it is subject to substantial anthropogenic and geogenic contamination. We characterize the sources of groundwater contamination by employing an integrated approach that...

Water-saving scenarios based on input-output analysis and virtual water concept: A case in Iran

The strong desire for achieving self-sufficiency in developing and mostly water-scarce regions has endangered socioeconomic and environmental sustainability. South Khorasan is particularly exposed to such insecurities, largely due to its limited water resource endowments and its comparatively intensive agriculture. In this paper, we apply the...

Assessment of virtual water flows in Iran using a multi-regional input-output analysis

The growth of Iran's agricultural sector in the past few decades has exerted enormous pressure on its aquifers. There is a strong disparity between economic development and natural resource endowments, which threatens water and food security. In this paper, we used a multiregional input-output (MRIO) framework to assess the virtual water...

Assessment of agricultural water resources sustainability in arid regions using virtual water concept: Case of South Khorasan Province, Iran

Cropping pattern plays an important role in providing food and agricultural water resources sustainability, especially in arid regions in which the concomitant socioeconomic dangers of water shortage would be inevitable. In this research, six indices are applied to classify 37 cultivated crops according to Central Product Classification (CPC)....

Application of MODFLOW with boundary conditions analyses based on limited available observations: A case study of Birjand plain in East Iran

Increasing water demands, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, continuously exacerbate groundwater resources as the only reliable water resources in these regions. Groundwater numerical modeling can be considered as an effective tool for sustainable management of limited available groundwater. This study aims to model the Birjand aquifer...

Virtual water flow and water footprint assessment of an arid region: A case study of South Khorasan province, Iran

Water challenges-especially in developing countries-are set to be strained by population explosion, growing technology, climate change and a shift in consumption pattern toward more water-intensive products. In these situations, water transfer in virtual form can play an important role in alleviating the pressure exerted on the limited water...

The effects of small water surfaces on turbulent flow in the atmospheric boundary layer: URANS approach implemented in OpenFOAM

A 3-D numerical method is developed to investigate the spatial distribution of surface fluxes over heterogeneous surfaces in (semi-)arid regions. Quantifying the effects of changes in the momentum, thermal and moisture roughness lengths on the airflow and fluxes in the ABL is important for water resources management and local climate studies....

A Framework to Simulate Small Shallow Inland Water Bodies in Semi-arid Regions

In this study, a framework for simulating the flow field and heat transfer processes in small shallow inland water bodies has been developed. As the dynamics and thermal structure of these water bodies are crucial in studying the quality of stored water , and in assessing the heat fluxes from their surfaces as well, the heat transfer and...

Effects of atmospheric stability conditions on heat fluxes from small water surfaces in (semi-)arid regions

Atmospheric stability conditions over the water surface can affect the evaporative and convective heat fluxes from the water surface. Atmospheric instability occurred 72.5% of the time and resulted in 44.7 and 89.2% increases in the average and maximum estimated evaporation, respectively, when compared to the neutral condition for a small...

Energy Balance and Heat Storage of Small Shallow Water Bodies in Semi-arid Areas

This research aims at developing a flexible and efficient (numerical) approach for estimating energy balance and heat storage of small shallow lakes in arid and semi-arid regions. To reach to this aim, some numerical methods and improvements in conventional methods were done. Optimizing the methods developed in this thesis is considered in order...

Investigation of temperature dynamics in small and shallow reservoirs, case study: Lake Binaba, Upper East Region of Ghana

An unsteady fully three-dimensional model of Lake Binaba (a shallow small reservoir) in semi-arid Upper East Region of Ghana has been developed to simulate its temperature dynamics. The model developed is built on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, utilizing the Boussinesq approach. As the results of the model are...

Developing a CFD-based approach to estimate evaporation from water surfaces in (semi-) arid regions

Short-Term Evaporation Estimating From Complex Small Lakes In Arid And Semi-Arid Regions

In many parts of the world, the available water resources are now being used close to their limits. Global climate change, the increasing population of the earth and ever-increasing standards of living and consequent growing demand of water are bringing water sustainability into sharp focus. Evaporation as a major component of the hydrologic...

Temperature Dynamics Investigation At Small And Shallow Lakes Using Hydrodynamic Model

A three-dimensional time-dependent hydrodynamic and heat transport model of Lake Binaba, a shallow and small dam reservoir in Ghana, emphasizing the simulation of dynamics and thermal structure has been developed. Most numerical studies of temperature dynamics in reservoirs are based on one- or two-dimensional models. These models are not...

Modeling of over lake wind profile for estimating water surface evaporation using land-based meteorological data