A Multi-layer Modelling Framework for Techno-Socio-Economical Penetration of Photovoltaics

Urban areas rely on the wide implementation of X-Integrated Photovoltaic (X-IPV) systems to provide green electricity for the sustainable electrification. In this research, a modelling framework to accurately predicting their output energy yield and asses their impact on the low voltage distribution grid has been developed. This tool can compute...

Dynamic Frequency Support for Low Inertia Power Systems by Renewable Energy Hubs with Fast Active Power Regulation

This paper concerns the feasibility of Fast Active Power Regulation (FAPR) in renewable energy hubs. Selected state-of-the-art FAPR strategies are applied to various controllable devices within a hub, such as a solar photovoltaic (PV) farm and an electrolyzer acting as a responsive load. Among the selected strategies are droop-based FAPR, droop...

Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale...

A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Based Method for FAPR Compliance Testing of the Wind Turbine Converters Control

A task for new power generation technologies, interfaced to the electrical grid by power electronic converters, is to stiffen the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) at the initial few milliseconds (ms) after any variation of active power balance. This task is defined in this article as fast active power regulation (FAPR), a generic definition...

Simulation based Analysis of Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter Topologies for Reactive Power handling Capability

This study investigates the reactive power generation capability of the existing transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter Topologies (PVIT) with their conventional switching strategies. The topologies such as H5, families of H6 (H6, H6-I, H6-II, H6-III and H6-IV), HERIC, and clamped topologies (optimized H5, passive clamped H6 and HBZVR) have been...

Hardware-in-the-loop based testing of wind turbine controllers for transient stability enhancement

Traditionally, electrical power systems have been based on fossil-fuel fired generation plants to satisfy the load demand. However, due to environmental targets for significant CO2 reduction, a gradual decommission of the aforementioned plants is observed whereas renewable energy sources are gaining gradually increasing momentum, which entails...

Real-time EMT Simulation Based Comparative Performance Analysis of Control Strategies for Wind Turbine Type 4 to Support Transient Stability

Power System Stability is a major domain of renewed interest for electrical power system researchers worldwide. Among the different stability classification domains, large disturbance rotor angle (transient) stability studies are of high concern due to the decommissioning of conventional power plants which leads to a dramatic decrease of inertia...

Analysis and tuning methodology of FAPI controllers for maximising the share of grid-connected wind generations

In this study, a novel methodology is proposed for sensitivity-based tuning and analysis of derivative-based fast active power injection (FAPI) controllers in type-4 wind turbine units integrated into a low-inertia power system. The FAPI controller is attached to a power electronic interfaced generation (PEIG) represented by a generic model of...

Modelling of large-sized electrolysers for realtime simulation and study of the possibility of frequency support by electrolysers

Hydrogen as an energy carrier holds promising potential for future power systems. An excess of electrical power from renewables can be stored as hydrogen, which can be used at a later moment by industries, households or the transportation system. The stability of the power system could also benefit from electrolysers as these have the...

Fast Active Power-Frequency Support Methods by Large Scale Electrolyzers for Multi-Energy Systems

This paper presents a comparative assessment of fast active power regulation (FAPR) control strategies implemented on megawatt-scale controllable electrolysers, with the goal of achieving enhanced frequency support during large active power imbalances that lead to major under-frequency deviations. The FAPR control strategies consist of three...

Implementation and Performance Assessment of Fast Active Power Injection Method for Type 4 Wind Turbine based on Real-time Simulation

This paper deals with the implementation of a Fast Active Power Injection (FAPI) controller in a Type-4 Wind Turbine. Two different FAPI controllers, droop-based and a modified derivative-based controller are proposed and investigated under real-time simulation platform. The implementation is done in a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) by...