Orthogonal Versus Zero-Forced Beamforming in Multibeam Antenna Systems: Review and Challenges for Future Wireless Networks

Orthogonality in multibeam antennas is revisited. The difference between orthogonal beamforming and zero-forced beamforming is highlighted. The intriguing relation between orthogonality, reciprocity and losses is recapitulated. Different approaches on the design of orthogonal beamforming networks and implementation of zero-forced beamforming...

5G Multi-User System Simulations in Line-of-Sight With Space-Tapered Cellular Base Station Phased Arrays

The performance of space-tapered multi-beam arrays with minimized side lobe levels is statistically evaluated in a line-of-sight propagation environment within a cell sector in terms of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the multiple user ends. Comparative analyses are performed to examine the advantages of space-tapered, irregular...