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Norouzi, F. (author), Hoppe, T. (author), Kamp, L.M. (author), Manktelow, C. (author), Bauer, P. (author)With its potentially disruptive nature, the smart grid can be viewed from both a transformational and an innovation systems perspective. Synthesising these, a research approach is adopted in which a Technological Innovation System (TIS) analysis is combined with a transformational perspective to identify a broader range of success and failure...review 2023
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Stecca, M. (author), Abdelhakim, Ahmed (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Canales, Francisco (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)This work proposes a hybrid space vector modulation (HSVM) scheme for multiport hybrid converters (MHCs). Moreover, the impact of shifting the auxiliary currents from the main ones is proposed and investigated in order to enhance the converter efficiency. The proposed operational schemes have been implemented in a three-phase 5 kW MHC...journal article 2023
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Diab, I. (author), Saffirio, Alice (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Solar PV systems have so far been the source of choice for the sustainable supply of urban electric transport networks—like trams and trolleybus grids. However, no consensus exists yet on the placement or sizing of PV systems at the traction substations, and no method is available for easy estimation of the PV system utilization performance....journal article 2023
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Lyu, D. (author), Soeiro, Thiago Batista (author), Bauer, P. (author)This article analyzes, designs, and tests a reconfigurable phase shift full-bridge (r-PSFB) isolated dc/dc converter well suited for a wide voltage operating range. By controlling the auxiliary switches, a series or parallel connection can be realized on the secondary side of the converter. As a result, the r-PSFB converter can operate in an...journal article 2023
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Wang, Yi (author), Yang, Zhongping (author), Lin, Fei (author), Dong, J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Compensation capacitors are naturally susceptible to manufacturing defects and aging effects, leading to the degraded performance of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. This article focuses on the compensation parameters optimization during the design stage and control strategy during the operation phase to improve the inherent capacitor...journal article 2023
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Diab, I. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)A typical approach to harvesting the excess braking energy of a railway car has been to use a storage system. However, research momentum has been growing in the direction of integrating smart loads like EV chargers into traction networks, and this can offer a more efficient and economical solution to the harvesting of braking energy. This paper...conference paper 2023
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Wang, L. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Extracting an electric vehicle (EV) charger's input impedance with the analytical model (white-box approach) or the frequency sweep (black-box approach) is limited by the parameter confidentiality or the measurement noise, respectively. To overcome these challenges, a gradient-descent (GD) optimization-based gray-box modeling approach is...journal article 2023
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Liao, Jianquan (author), Zhou, Niancheng (author), Qin, Z. (author), Wang, Qianggang (author), Bauer, P. (author)The unbalanced power between positive and negative poles in a bipolar DC distribution network (DC-DN) generates an unbalanced current at the neutral line, which enlarges the power losses of the system and the voltage deviation of DC loads. An unbalanced power suppression strategy based on a series-parallel power flow controller (SP-PFC) is...journal article 2023
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van der Horst, Koen (author), Diab, I. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The traction substations of urban electric transport grids are oversized and underutilized in terms of their capacity. While their over-sizing is an unfortunate waste, their under-utilization creates the major hurdle for the integration of renewables into these grids due to the lack of a base load. Therefore, integrating smart grid loads such...journal article 2023
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Rivera, Sebastian (author), Goetz, Stefan M. (author), Kouro, Samir (author), Lehn, Peter W. (author), Pathmanathan, Mehanathan (author), Bauer, P. (author), Mastromauro, Rosa Anna (author)Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure will play a critical role in decarbonization during the next decades, energizing a large share of the transportation sector. This will further increase the enabling role of power electronics converters as an energy transition technology in the widespread adoption of clean energy sources and their...journal article 2023
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Damianakis, N. (author), Yu, Y. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Smart-Charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is able to provide frequency regulation capacity services to the System Operator (SO) upon an automation generation control (AGC) signal. While the amount of available regulation capacity is of-fered in the Day-Ahead Market (DAM), there is high uncertainty on the actual amount of reserves that will be...conference paper 2023
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Diab, I. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)When the braking energy in electric transportation grids is not met by another vehicle's demand, it is either harvested by storage systems or wasted in braking resistors. This paper looks at three methods for increasing the amount of harvested braking energy without the use of expensive storage systems: decreasing the substation voltage,...conference paper 2023
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Grazian, F. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) typically have a rated voltage of either 400 or 800 V. Especially when considering public parking infrastructures or owners with multiple EVs, e.g., car rental companies, EV wireless chargers must efficiently deliver electric power to both battery options. For this purpose, this article proposes an advanced...journal article 2023
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Shekhar, A. (author), Rituraj, G. (author), van der Sande, Robin (author), Ahmadi, M. (author), Deshmukh, R.S. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Nougain, V. (author), Lekić, A. (author), Palensky, P. (author)Reliable Power Electronic Systems (PES) are vital for enabling energy transition technologies of the future. Power hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) test bed can be used to validate such systems cost-effectively and time-efficiently. In general, the Real Time Digital Twin (RTDT) is a virtual representation of the PES and its operating environment that...conference paper 2023
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Grazian, F. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The lithium-ion battery of an electric vehicle (EV) is typically rated at either 400 or 800 V. When considering public parking infrastructures, EV wireless chargers must efficiently deliver electric power to both battery options. This can be normally achieved by regulating the output voltage through a dc-dc converter at the cost of higher...journal article 2023
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Guan, H. (author), Wu, Y. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The electric vehicle (EV) market is expanding rapidly. However, the main barriers to EV adoption are high vehicle costs, range issues, and charging infrastructure. Meanwhile, energy storage systems (ESS) appear as a promising solution to preventing grid overload during charging and reducing infrastructure costs. In this paper, the integration of...conference paper 2023
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Wu, Y. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)With the great emphasis from the international standard-setting community on the so-called supra-harmonics emissions (2-150 kHz), there are increasing research efforts in this noise level identification, measurement, standard setting and mitigation. The periodic variable switching frequency PWM method, which is known as VSFPWM, can reshape the...conference paper 2023
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van der Sande, Robin (author), Deshmukh, R.S. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Bauer, P. (author)When operating a modular multilevel converter (MMC), a margin appears between the arm voltage and sum capacitor voltage corresponding to the power dependent ripple. This margin can be used to enhance the DC link voltage and increase the transfer capacity of an MMC-based distribution link while keeping the submodule (SM) stresses fixed....conference paper 2023
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Kardan Halvaei, F. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The load profile of the power converter in EV Fast charging applications involves a short high-current pulse for rapid charging of the EV battery leading to thermal cycles on the power electronic devices. These thermal cycles can cause thermo-mechanical fatigues, which consume the power devices’ lifetime. Also, different timescales and magnitude...conference paper 2023
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Purgat, P. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Low-voltage direct current (LVdc) systems are a promising technology for systems with a high penetration of renewable sources and storage that operate with bidirectional power flow. In this article, a fundamental building block for LVdc is presented for different applications, such as charge controllers, voltage regulation in street-lighting...journal article 2023