Low voltage iron electrocoagulation as a tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater: removal of enteric pathogen indicators and antibiotic-resistant bacteria

In this paper we analyse the feasibility of low voltage iron electrocoagulation as a means of municipal secondary effluent treatment with a focus on removal of microbial indicators, Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and nutrients. A laboratory scale batch unit equipped with iron electrodes was used on synthetic and real secondary effluent...

Disinfection during Iron Electrocoagulation: Differentiating between Inactivation and Floc Entrapment for Escherichia coli and Somatic Coliphage Øx174

Electrochemical water treatment is gaining increasing popularity due to its wide range of potential applications, its decreasing costs, and its suitability as a decentralized treatment alternative, but mainly due to it being considered a "green technology". In the field of municipal wastewater treatment, the use of iron electrocoagulation (Fe...

Removal of Antibiotic Resistance From Municipal Secondary Effluents by Ozone-Activated Carbon Filtration

At wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), additional steps are introduced for removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from the treated effluents, especially pharmaceutical residues. At the same time, a new concern is emerging: antibiotic resistance (AR). This research studied the effect of ozonation, coagulation and granular activated carbon ...

Inactivation of Escherichia coli and somatic coliphage ΦX174 by oxidation of electrochemically produced Fe²⁺

Electrochemical ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) wastewater treatment is gaining momentum for treating municipal wastewater due to its decreasing costs, environmental friendliness and capacity for removal of a wide range of contaminants. Disinfection by iron electrocoagulation (Fe-EC) has been occasionally reported in full scale industrial...

Municipal effluent disinfection by Iron Electrocoagulation

In a global context of ever increasing population, climate change, and freshwater quality deterioration, water reclamation presents itself as a valid and valuable supplier of the resource. However, sewage and treated effluents remain important sources for waterborne pathogens, including Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB), a global emerging...