Transition to Turbulence in the Presence of Finite Size Particles

We study the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a channel seeded with finite-size neutrally buoyant particles. A fixed ratio of 10 between the channel height and the particle diameter is considered. The flow is examined in the range of Reynolds numbers 500 ? Re ? 5000 and the particle volume fractions 0.001 ? ? ? 0.3. We report a non...