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Gonzalez Silva, J. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)As renewable energy sources such as wind farms become dominant, new challenges emerge for operating and controlling them. Traditionally, wind farm control aims to dispatch power set-points to individual turbines to maximize energy extraction and, thus, their usage as assets. Yet, grid balance and frequency support are fundamental in presence...journal article 2023
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Feng, Z. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author), Liu, Y. (author)Wind turbines may experience local weather perturbation, which is not taken into account by the commonly-used wind turbine simulation packages. Without this information, it is extremely challenging to evaluate the controller performance with regard to the effect of the variation of local atmospheric conditions. On the other side, it is too...conference paper 2023
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- Feng, Zhixin (author), Partog, Agusmian (author), Ompusunggu, Agusmian Partogi (author), Ferrari, Riccardo (author) conference paper 2022
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Baioumy, M. (author), Pezzato, C. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), Hawes, N. (author)Active inference is a mathematical framework that originated in computational neuroscience. Recently, it has been demonstrated as a promising approach for constructing goal-driven behavior in robotics. Specifically, the active inference controller (AIC) has been successful on several continuous control and state-estimation tasks. Despite its...conference paper 2022
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Liu, Y. (author), Pamososuryo, A.K. (author), Mulders, S.P. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)The estimation of the rotor effective wind speed is used in modern wind turbines to provide advanced power and load control capabilities. However, with the ever increasing rotor sizes, the wind field over the rotor surface shows a higher degree of spatial variation. A single effective wind speed estimation therefore limits the attainable...journal article 2022
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Liu, Y. (author), Pamososuryo, A.K. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)The Immersion and Invariance (II) wind speed estimator is a powerful and widely-used technique to estimate the rotor effective wind speed on horizontal axis wind turbines. Anyway, its global convergence proof is rather cumbersome, which hinders the extension of the method and proof to time-delayed and/or uncertain systems. In this letter, we...journal article 2022
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Liu, Y. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)Individual pitch control (IPC) is a well-known approach to reduce blade loads on wind turbines. Although very effective, IPC usually requires high levels of actuator activities, which significantly increases the pitch actuator duty cycle (ADC). This will subsequently result in an increase of the wear on the bearings of the blades and a decrease...journal article 2022
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Ratering, Daan (author), Kleijn, W.B. (author), Gonzalez Silva, J. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author)Active control of noise propagating through apertures is commonly realized with closed-loop LMS algorithms. However, these algorithms require a large number of error microphones and provide only local attenuation. Slow convergence and high computational effort are additional disadvantages. We propose a wave-domain approach that converges...conference paper 2022
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Pamososuryo, A.K. (author), Liu, Y. (author), Hovgaard, T. G. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)The wind turbine side-side tower motion is known to be lightly damped. One viable active damping solution is realized by deploying individual pitch control (IPC) such that counteracting blade forces are created to alleviate the tower fatigue loading caused by this motion. Existing IPC methods for side-side tower damping in the literature,...journal article 2022
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Gonzalez Silva, J. (author), Matthijs Doekemeijer, Bart (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)This paper presents a closed-loop controller for wind farms to provide active power control services using a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics based wind plant simulator. The proposed design enhances power tracking stability and allows for simple understanding, where each turbine is considered as a pure time-delay system. The paper...journal article 2022
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Feng, Z. (author), Gallo, A.J. (author), Liu, Y. (author), Pamososuryo, A.K. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)The current trend in the evolution of wind turbines is to increase their rotor size in order to capture more power. This leads to taller, slender and more flexible towers, which thus experience higher dynamical loads due to the turbine rotation and environmental factors. It is hence compelling to deploy advanced control methods that can...conference paper 2022
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Gonzalez Silva, J. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)Wind turbine (WT) controllers are often geared towards maximum power extraction, while suitable operating constraints should be guaranteed such that WT components are protected from failures. Control strategies can be also devised to reduce the generated power, for instance to track a power reference provided by the grid operator. They are...conference paper 2022
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Keijzer, T. (author), Gallo, A.J. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author)In this paper we present a hierarchical scheme to detect cyber-attacks in a hierarchical control architecture for large-scale interconnected systems (LSS). We consider the LSS as a network of physically coupled subsystems, equipped with a two-layer controller: on the local level, decentralized controllers guarantee overall stability and...conference paper 2022
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Stobbe, P.J. (author), Keijzer, T. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author)Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has made it possible to perform addition and multiplication operations on encrypted data. Using FHE in control thus has the advantage that control effort for a plant can be calculated remotely without ever decrypting the exchanged information. FHE in its current form is however not practically applicable for...conference paper 2022
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Barber, Sarah (author), Lima, Luiz Andre Moyses (author), Sakagami, Yoshiaki (author), Quick, Julian (author), Latiffianti, Effi (author), Liu, Y. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), Letzgus, Simon (author), Zhang, Xujie (author), Hammer, Florian (author)In the next decade, further digitalisation of the entire wind energy project lifecycle is expected to be a major driver for reducing project costs and risks. In this paper, a literature review on the challenges related to implementation of digitalisation in the wind energy industry is first carried out, showing that there is a strong need for...journal article 2022
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Baioumy, Mohamed (author), Hartemink, William (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), Hawes, Nick (author)Model-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) often consists of two distinct steps: fault detection & isolation (FDI), and fault accommodation. In this work we investigate posing fault-tolerant control as a single Bayesian inference problem. Previous work showed that precision learning allows for stochastic FTC without an explicit fault...journal article 2022
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Gallo, A.J. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author)In this paper we present a novel switching function for multiplicative watermarking systems. The switching function is based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. The resulting function allows for both watermarking generator and remover to define appropriate system parameters, sharing only limited information,...journal article 2022
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Keijzer, T. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author)Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) based methods have been extensively used for Fault Estimation (FE). However, the fault detection (FD) problem for these SMO based FE methods has not been completely solved. In this paper a robust threshold on the so-called Equivalent Output Injection (EOI) is presented which enables FD for systems with measurement...journal article 2022
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Gonzalez Silva, J. (author), van der Hoek, D.C. (author), Mulders, S.P. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)Wind turbines are prone to structural degradation, particularly in offshore locations. Based on the structural health condition of the tower, power de-rating strategies can be used to reduce structural loads at the cost of power losses. This paper introduces a novel closed-loop switching control architecture to constrain the thrust in individual...conference paper 2022
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Pamososuryo, A.K. (author), Mulders, S.P. (author), Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author)The ever-increasing power capacities of wind turbines promote the use of tall and slender turbine towers. This poses a challenge from a fatigue loading perspective by the relocation of the first and lightly-damped tower side-side natural frequency into the turbine operating regime, promoting its excitation during nominal operation. The...conference paper 2022