High Cationic Dispersity Boosted Oxygen Reduction Reactivity in Multi-Element Doped Perovskites

Oxygen-ion conducting perovskite oxides are important functional materials for solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen-permeable membranes operating at high temperatures (>500 °C). Co-doped perovskites have recently shown their potential to boost oxygen-related kinetics, but challenges remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms. This...

A critical review on the vertical stiffness irregularity of railway ballasted track

The dynamic performance of a railway track subjected to moving trains depends strongly on track support conditions. In reality, even for the well-constructed and well-maintained tracks, sleeper support stiffness and global track stiffness vary substantially along the track, which affects the train-track dynamic interactions, causing rapid...

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Laplacian Twin Support Vector Machine for Semi-supervised Classification

In general, data contain noises which come from faulty instruments, flawed measurements or faulty communication. Learning with data in the context of classification or regression is inevitably affected by noises in the data. In order to remove or greatly reduce the impact of noises, we introduce the ideas of fuzzy membership functions and the...

Discrete element modelling of rubber-protected ballast performance subjected to direct shear test and cyclic loading

The rubber-protected ballast (RPB) is made from natural ballast particles and crumb rubber particles. The crumb rubber is shredded waste tires. RPB was chosen to replace the ballast as it has higher resistance to breakage and abrasion. However, the static and dynamic performance of the RPB has not been confirmed yet. Towards this end,...