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- Happee, R. (author) doctoral thesis 1992
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Forbes, P.A. (author), Happee, R. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)Force and position perturbations are widely applied to identify muscular and reflexive contributions to posture maintenance of the arm. Both task instruction (force vs. position) and the inherently linked perturbation type (i.e., force perturbations-position task and position perturbations-force tasks) affect these contributions and their mutual...journal article 2011
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van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Novice drivers tend to direct their gaze to the road ahead and not scan the environment properly. This study investigated the training effectiveness of a visual search task in a driving simulator, aimed at increasing young drivers' spread of visual search. Two groups of inexperienced drivers were instructed to drive as accurately as possible in...conference paper 2013
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Saffarian, M (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)A car-following assisting system named the rear window notification display (RWND) was developed, with the aim of improving a driver's manual car-following performance. The RWND presented lead-car acceleration and time headway (THW) (i.e., intervehicle distance divided by the speed of the following car) on the rear window of a lead car, which...journal article 2013
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Van Drunen, P. (author), Maaswinkel, E. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Van Dieën, J.H. (author), Happee, R. (author)Motor control deficits have been suggested as potential cause and/or effect of a-specific chronic low-back pain and its recurrent behavior. Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify motor control in low-back stabilization by simultaneously quantifying the intrinsic and reflexive contributions. Upper body sway was evoked using continuous...journal article 2013
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De Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)Concerns exist within the medical and psychological sciences that many published research findings are not replicable. Guidelines accordingly recommend that the file drawer effect should be eliminated and that statistical significance should not be a criterion in the decision to submit and publish scientific results. By means of a simulation...journal article 2013
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Katzourakis, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Alirezaei, M. (author), Corno, M. (author), Happee, R. (author)This paper presents a driving simulator experiment, which evaluates a road-departure prevention (RDP) system in an emergency situation. Two levels of automation are evaluated: 1) haptic feedback (HF) where the RDP provides advisory steering torque such that the human and the machine carry out the maneuver cooperatively, and 2) drive by wire (DBW...journal article 2014
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Stanton, N.A. (author)Adaptive cruise control (ACC), a driver assistance system that controls longitudinal motion, has been introduced in consumer cars in 1995. A next milestone is highly automated driving (HAD), a system that automates both longitudinal and lateral motion. We investigated the effects of ACC and HAD on drivers’ workload and situation awareness...journal article 2014
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van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)The young driver problem requires remedial measures against speeding and overconfidence. Previous research has shown that increasing the task difficulty during training can enhance subsequent retention performance and prevent overconfidence. In this driving simulator study, we evaluated the training effectiveness of vertical field of view...journal article 2014
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Forbes, P.A. (author), Dakin, C.J. (author), Geers, A.M. (author), Vlaar, M.P. (author), Happee, R. (author), Siegmund, G.P. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Blouin, J.S. (author)Electrical vestibular stimulation is often used to assess vestibulo-motor and postural responses in both clinical and research settings. Stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) is a recently established technique with many advantages over its square-wave counterpart; however, the evoked muscle responses remain relatively small. Although the...journal article 2014
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Osth, J. (author), Eliasson, E. (author), Happee, R. (author), Brolin, K. (author)Human body models (HBMs) for vehicle occupant simulations have recently been extended with active muscles and postural control strategies. Feedback control has been used to model occupant responses to autonomous braking interventions. However, driver postural responses during driver initiated braking differ greatly from autonomous braking. In...journal article 2014
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van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Gómez i Subils, C (author), Ramon Jimenez, A (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Technological developments have led to increased visual fidelity of driving simulators. However, simplified visuals have potential advantages, such as improved experimental control, reduced simulator discomfort and increased generalisability of results. In this driving simulator study, we evaluated the effects of visual fidelity on driving...journal article 2015
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Kyriakidis, M. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study investigated user acceptance, concerns, and willingness to buy partially, highly, and fully automated vehicles. By means of a 63-question Internet-based survey, we collected 5000 responses from 109 countries (40 countries with at least 25 respondents). We determined cross-national differences, and assessed correlations with personal...journal article 2015
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Manca, L. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)This paper presents the results of a literature survey on visual displays used in automated driving. We describe six visual display designs: (1) a display with three main components, (2) a bird’s-eye view display, (3) an informative speedometer, (4) a head-up display, (5) eye-catching lights for informing, and (6) eye-catching lights for guiding...conference paper 2015
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van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Previous research has shown that novice drivers have underdeveloped vehicle control skills and visual search strategies that differ from those of experienced drivers. However, little is known about how novices’ driving performance and gaze behavior jointly change over the course of practice. In this paper, we investigated changes in driving...conference paper 2015
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De Bruijn, E. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Happee, R. (author)Background: Musculoskeletal models served to analyze head–neck motion and injury during automotive impact. Although muscle activation is known to affect the kinematic response, a model with properly validated muscle contributions does not exist to date. The goal of this study was to enhance a musculoskeletal neck model and to validate passive...journal article 2015
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Shyrokau, B. (author), Loof, J. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), Wang, M. (author), Happee, R. (author)The steering behaviour in a driving simulator has a significant influence on a driving realism. This study investigates the influence of the complexity of a steering-system model on the subjective assessment of truck steering feel in on-centre handling. Ten subjects drove a highway task with and without lateral wind disturbance with 4 steering...conference paper 2015
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Rendon Velez, E. (author), van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Happee, R. (author), Horvath, I. (author), van der Vegte, Wilhelm Frederik (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Speeding because of time pressure is a leading contributor to traffic accidents. Previous research indicates that people respond to time pressure through increased physiological activity and by adapting their task strategy in order to mitigate task demands. In the present driving simulator study, we investigated effects of time pressure on...journal article 2016
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Subjective and objective descriptions of driving scenes in support of driver-automation interactionsCabrall, C.D.D. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Background: Recent advances in the growing domain of automated driving suggest the need for thoughtful design of human-computer interaction strategies. For example, human drivers can process scene variability on implicit levels, but automated systems require explicit rule-based judgments of similarity and difference. What level of abstraction an...poster 2016
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Wang, M. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Daamen, W. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)This contribution puts forward a flexible approach to model the decision-making or design controller for automated driving systems, where tactical-level lane change decisions and control-level accelerations are jointly evaluated based on iteratively solving an online optimization problem. The key idea is that automated vehicles determine lane...conference paper 2016